Desire For Economic Growth Research Articles

The Rise of China and its Implications for the International Order: Analyzing China's Foreign Policy in the 2018-2020 Period

This paper examines China's foreign policy and its impact on the international order from 2018 to 2020, a period marked by China's increasing global influence. It analyzes China's strategic initiatives, including the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its diplomatic efforts, to understand how they shape international relations. By employing a qualitative approach, including content analysis of official documents and speeches, this study explores China's motivations, objectives, and challenges in its pursuit of a more prominent role on the world stage. The findings suggest that China's foreign policy is driven by a desire for economic growth, regional stability, and a redefinition of global governance structures. However, its assertive behaviour has also led to tensions with other major powers, raising questions about the future of the international order.

One Health, "Disease X" & the challenge of "Unknown" Unknowns.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally emphasizes the ever-present threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. In this review, the pathogen pyramid framework was utilized to identify the “unknown unknowns” associated with the emergence and rapid transmission of novel infectious disease agents. Given that the evolutionary origin of most of the emerging infectious disease agents can be traced to an animal source, we argue the need to integrate the “One Health” approach as a part of surveillance activities. The need for focusing on undertaking global and regional mapping activities to identify novel pathogens is discussed, given that there are an estimated 1.67 million unknown viruses, of which around 631,000 to 827,000 unknown viruses have the capacity to infect human beings. The emerging risks due to the ever-expanding interface between human, animals, both domestic and wildlife, and the environment are highlighted, these are largely driven by the need for safe habitation, growing food, developing infrastructure to support the increasing human population and desire for economic growth. The One Health approach provides a holistic way to address these cross-sectoral issues, by bridging institutional gaps, enumerating priority risk areas and pathogens, and highlighting putative risk factors for subsequent spillover events involving emerging and re-emerging infectious disease pathogens at the human-animal-environment interface.

Understanding different perspectives on economic growth and climate policy

AbstractShould economic growth continue in a world threatened by the prospect of catastrophic climate change? The scientific and public debate has brought forth a broad spectrum of views and narratives on this question, ranging from neoclassical economics to degrowth. We argue that different positions can be attributed to underlying differences in views on (a) factors that determine human well‐being, (b) the feasibility and desirability of economic growth, (c) appropriate intervention points, and (d) preferences about governance and policy options. For each of these dimensions, we propose points of agreement on which a consensus between conflicting positions might be achieved. From this basis, we distill a sustainability transition perspective that could act as a basis for a renewed debate on how to align human well‐being with environmental sustainability.This article is categorized under: Climate Economics>Economics and Climate Change

Pivoting to Indo-Pacific? The Limits of Indian and Indonesian Integration

Proponents of the Indo-Pacific concept assume that growing economic and societal linkages and the need for greater political and security cooperation and order-building are leading to the integration of the region. India and Indonesia were thought to be crucial in these processes of regionalisation and regionalism and were early adopters of the Indo-Pacific idea. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which the Indo-Pacific initiatives of India and Indonesia are leading to the integration of the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions through greater Indian involvement with the Pacific region and stronger Indonesian engagement with the Indian Ocean region. It is argued that an interlinked set of security and economic concerns drove India and Indonesia’s adoption of the Indo-Pacific idea. In both cases, a desire for economic growth and preventing Chinese economic and political dominance in the region were important drivers. However, the nature of the political economies of India and Indonesia does not readily facilitate extensive economic linkages or strategic interests beyond their immediate regions. Moreover, both countries are wary of being seen as members of anti-China coalitions due to the impact this may have on regional stability and their domestic political and economic priorities. These factors place significant limitations on the regional integration of the Indo-Pacific.

Development of Public Housing in Post‐reform China

AbstractThis paper explores the dynamic nature of the transformation of public housing regimes in urban China since the abolishment of the urban welfare housing system in the late 1990s. We summarize the latest progress in the development of public housing in post‐reform China and investigate the driving forces behind these developments. A close examination of the public rental housing program in Shanghai helps to show that the recent revival of public housing in Chinese cities is mostly driven by the desire for economic growth. We conclude that the state provision of housing could be a short‐run state remedy to alleviate economic imbalance and social inequality. However, in the long run China needs to seek more effective solutions to solve the low‐income population's housing affordability problems.

What Is Critical about Chinese Architectural History?

This special issue on critical directions in Chinese architectural history is prompted by the opportunities for scholarly engagement that have opened up in postreform China. The opening is a result, not merely of China’s emergence as a geopolitical power, but also of the forms of knowledge production and exchange that the reformist desire for economic growth has spawned. After a hiatus of several decades, scholars in China are again engaging with Western scholarship. Architects and planners from the West are handling major commissions in China, and Chinese architectural firms are returning the favor. Thousands of students, practitioners, and researchers are crossing political, cultural, and linguistic boundaries to learn and to share expertise. The expansion of architectural criticism in China beyond the aegis of the state bodes well for the future. Although only a small fraction of architectural research and criticism published in Chinese has been translated into English, the surge in English-language publications on Chinese architecture and urbanism signals the potential for scholarly debate in this field. The subfield of Chinese architectural history has come a long way from being characterized as static and marginal, “dangling precariously” from the lowest branch of Banister Fletcher’s Tree of Architecture.1 Now it is “change” that preoccupies scholars of Chinese architecture and urbanism. The favorable conditions of communication take on an urgency as the pace of economic growth in China assumes sublime physical proportions, creating a gap between modes of conducting research in architectural history and the issues that have appeared critical in the midst of this landscape overhaul.2 The physical transformation of Chinese cities and rural landscapes—the destruction of historic fabric, the appropriation of agricultural land for urban expansion, the construction of massive infrastructural networks—has created a problem of description and historical caesura. China shares this phenomenon of transformation with many …

Can Stated Preference Methods be used to Value Attributes of Subsistence Hunting by Aboriginal Peoples? A Case Study in Northern Saskatchewan

The desire for economic growth has increased pressure to allocate timber harvesting and mineral extraction rights in northern Canada. A result of this desire is an increased number of overlapping and sometimes incompatible demands for the land base. One important group affected by expanding resource development is the Aboriginal People' who reside in the boreal forest. There are two factors that suggest the importance of the inclusion of Aboriginal People's use of land base in resource planning. First, nontimber resources continue to play an important role in their culture, economy, and diet as documented in anthropology, geography, sociology, and nutrition literatures (Tobias and Kay; Usher; Beckley and Hirsch). The second factor is that Aboriginal People make up a large percentage of the northern Canadian population, and their numbers are growing at a higher rate than the rest of the Canadian population (Statistics Canada).2 In the Canadian boreal forest, Aboriginal People are the primary users of nontimber forest products (e.g., berries, medicinal plants, wildlife meat, and fur). As a result, they are often most affected by changes to the forest landscape. Determining the influence of forest practices and policy changes on their use of the land base is hindered by lack of knowledge on their use and preferences for nontimber forest products. The goal of this project was to investigate the underlying determinants of Aboriginal preferences for hunting-site characteristics, the frequency of their hunting activities, and marginal values of the characteristics and activities.

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE: THE NEED FOR A COMPLETE STUDY OF HAPPINESS

SUMMARYDoes economic growth increase social welfare (happiness)? Answers to such questions can only be provided by a complete analysis of all the objective, subjective, and institutional effects. All measures originate from the subjective world, working through the institutional setting to affect the objective world, the institutional setting and/or the subjective world. Due to the increasing complexity of the modern society, it is likely that more problems are going to involve significant institutional and subjective effects, making a complete multidisciplinary study more necessary. As an introduction to this argument, the Harrod‐Hirsch concept of positional goods and its implications on the desirability of economic growth are analysed geometrically and extended. A simple method to reduce the difficulty of comparability in happiness surveys is also suggested.

GROWTH, EXTERNALITIES AND SATISFACTIONS— A reply to Beckerman

This paper has the limited purpose of commenting on some issues raised in Beckerman's paper ‘The desirability of economic growth’. Beckerman's paper is inspired by a desire to correct what he conceives to be the ‘exaggerated’ and ‘over simplified’ view of the so‐called anti‐growth school, particularly as presented by Mishan.

Economic growth and welfare

During the last few years there has been a growing concern with the environment in the advanced countries of the world. This concern has provided ammunition for those who have questioned the desirability of further economic growth in these countries and even the feasibility or desirability of economic growth in the less developed countries. Doubts as to the wisdom of economic growth have been expressed from time to time over the ages. John Stuart Mill, writing in 1848, stated that " It is only in the backward countries of the world that increased production is still an important object; in those most advanced, what is economically needed is a better distribution 'V In this paper we shall consider some of the alleged costs of economic growth and development.

Tunnel Vision or Ecological View?

The need for a more holistic view of man and his environment in planning man-made alterations in natural eco-systems is cited. Some of the factors that prevent environmental decision-makers from moving toward a more ecological view are analyzed. These include: differences in environmental perception; the position of the decision-maker in the social, political, and economic structure of his community; social values emphasizing progress, economic growth, and the idea of unlimited good. Results of a recent survey indicate that environmentalists are challenging conventional assumptions about such matters as the profit motive, private property rights, the desirability of economic growth, and the capacity of existing economic and political institutions to solve environmental problems. Some of the factors affecting the development of the conservation-ecology movement are analyzed. These include: segmented organizational structure, personal commitment, the effect of opposition, and some of the ideological themes being generated within the movement.