Desirable Strategy Research Articles

Rural Economic Development Strategy through Village Tourism Development with the Exploitation of Local Potential (Empirical Study in Kebon Ayu Village, West Lombok)

This study aims to examine and analyze the appropriate strategies developed by stakeholders in building and developing rural tourism areas, especially Kebon Ayu Village as one of the mainstay tourist villages in West Lombok. The development of rural areas is important to create community welfare as well as to play the role of residents to take responsibility for maintaining the preservation of the surrounding natural environment. The research approach used is a qualitative descriptive approach based on field observation with the support of secondary data. The collected data is then analyzed using a SWOT analysis approach by systematically identifying various internal and external factors to formulate the desired development strategy. The logic built is how to maximize strengths and opportunities but at the same time minimize weaknesses and threats. The results of the study show that the tourist attraction of Kebon Ayu Village has enough potential to be developed because of the support of the beautiful rural nature and the surrounding hills that surround it. It has a natural rural atmosphere, supporting agro-tourism and culinary tourism potential, with an attractive green expanse of hills, a strategic position as a buffer for the district capital (Gerung) and its safe and comfortable environment. But on the other hand, several things need to be improved, such as the arrangement of the residential environment, waste handling, and concern for tourist facilities such as garbage cans, ATMs, toilets, mini markets, prayer rooms, and others. Supporting facilities and infrastructure need to receive attention so that they are more organized, such as the construction of environmental roads, street lighting, waterways, folk craft coaching, water game spots, outbound, and camping grounds. If all of these things can be overcome properly, then the Kebon Ayu Village tourist attraction will have its own attraction and become a mainstay tourist destination that can compete with other village tourist attractions.

Enhancing Clinicians' Use of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Outpatient Care: Mixed Methods Study.

Despite the increasing use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for collecting self-reported data among hospital outpatients, clinicians' use of these data remains suboptimal. Insight into this issue and strategies to enhance the use of PROMs are critical but limited. This study aimed to examine clinicians' use of PROM data for value-based outpatient consultations and identify efforts to enhance their use of PROMs in a Dutch university hospital. First, we aimed to investigate clinicians' use of outpatients' PROM data in 2023, focusing on adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Second, we aimed to develop insights into the organizational-level strategies implemented to enhance clinicians' use of PROM data from 2020 to 2023. This included understanding the underlying rationales for these strategies and identifying strategies that appeared to be missing to address barriers or leverage facilitators. Third, we aimed to explore the key factors driving and constraining clinicians' use of PROMs in 2023. We integrated data from 4 sources: 1-year performance data on clinicians' use of PROMs (n=70 subdepartments), internal hospital documents from a central support team (n=56), a survey among clinicians (n=47), and interviews with individuals contributing to the organizational-level implementation of PROMs (n=20). The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework was used to analyze clinicians' adoption, implementation, and maintenance of PROMs. Strategies were analyzed using the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change taxonomy, and results were structured around the constructs of capability, opportunity, and motivation. On average, around 2023, clinicians accessed PROM data for approximately 3 of 20 (14%) patients during their outpatient consultation, despite numerous strategies to improve this practice. We identified issues in adoption, implementation, and maintenance. The hospital's strategies, shaped organically and pragmatically, were related to 27 (37%) out of 73 Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change strategies. These strategies focused on enhancing clinicians' capability, opportunity, and motivation. We found shortcomings in the quality of execution and completeness of strategies in relation to addressing all barriers and leveraging facilitators. We identified variations in the factors influencing the use of PROMs among frequent PROM users, occasional users, and nonusers. Challenges to effective facilitation were apparent, with certain desired strategies being unfeasible or impeded. Enhancing clinicians' use of PROMs has remained challenging despite various strategies aimed at improving their capability, opportunity, and motivation. The use of PROMs may require more substantial changes than initially expected, necessitating a shift in clinicians' professional attitudes and practices. Hospitals can facilitate rather than manage clinicians' genuine use of PROMs. They must prioritize efforts to engage clinicians with PROMs for value-based outpatient care. Specific attention to their professionalization may be warranted. Tailored strategies, designed to address within-group differences in clinicians' needs and motivation, hold promise for future efforts.

Intranasal immunization with poly I:C and CpG ODN adjuvants enhances the protective efficacy against Helicobacter pylori infection in mice

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a serious public health issue, and development of vaccines is a desirable preventive strategy for H. pylori. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands have shown potential as vaccine adjuvants that induce immune responses, but polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a nucleic acid-based TLR9 ligand, is less well studied in H. pylori vaccine research. Here, we evaluated the effects of poly I:C and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN), a nucleic acid TLR3 ligand, as adjuvants in combination with the H. pylori recombinant proteins LpoB and UreA to protect against H. pylori infection. For analysis of specific immune responses, the levels of specific antibodies and splenic cytokines were measured in the immunized mice. Compared with CpG ODN, poly I:C could induce mucosal sIgA antibody responses and reduce H. pylori colonization. Additionally, the combination of poly I:C and CpG ODN caused greater immunoprotection and significantly reduced gastritis, exerting synergistic effects. Analysis of splenic cytokines revealed that poly I:C mainly triggered a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 immune response, whereas the combination of CpG ODN and poly I:C induced a Th1/Th17 immune response. Our findings indicated that increased levels of mucosal sIgA antibodies and a robust splenic Th1/Th17 immune response were associated with reduced H. pylori colonization in vaccinated mice. This study identified a potential TLR ligand adjuvant for developing more effective H. pylori vaccines.

Increasing resilience and selection of a strategy for restoring transport networks in extreme natural processes

Aim. The development of an approach to increasing resilience by selecting strategies for restoring transport networks affected by extreme natural processes. Methods. This study evaluates the dynamics of extreme natural processes, specifically exogenous geological processes that can that can disrupt transport networks. It includes as framework for assessing the sustainability and restoration of transport networks under climate risk factors. Strategies for restoring the transport network were formulated. Results. The formulated strategies enable network modeling of transport network topology, which can be represented as an undirected weighted graph with a set of nodes and edges. The proposed model allows determining the most effective strategy for quickly restoring the connectivity of the transport network by determining the optimal sequence of restoration for repairing road sections, considering restoration time. The efficiency of restoring damaged sections of the transport network is expected to decrease as the share of the restored network increases. Therefore, it is crucial to estimate the necessary extend of network restoration to perform the necessary extent of network restoration to support emergency and urgent tasks by RSChS formations in specific areas. Conclusion. The analysis and assessment of alternative solutions for restoring the sustainability of transport networks considers the complexity of tasks under climate risk factors, such as extreme natural processes. In some cases, the RSChS problems do not require complete network restoration, unlike the tasks solved by the transport industry. This work aims to develop a framework for assessing restoration strategies, identifying the features of each of the considered strategies under uncertainty, and increasing operational sustainability. The proposed approach is flexible, allowing decision makers to assess various priorities during a specific natural emergency in a certain area, such as average recovery time, process efficiency, and uncertainty levels, when choosing the most desirable strategy. It is assumed that the average recovery time does not differ significantly among strategies for full network restoration. However, for partial restorations necessary for RSChS tasks, the average restoration time depends on the chosen strategy.

Development and Evaluation of Voriconazole Loaded Invasomes Gel for Enhanced Antifungal Activity.

Although it has limited solubility and poor permeability to the skin, voriconazole (VRC) is a viable choice for the topical treatment of fungal infections. Owing to these constraints, treating the inflection requires several injections over an extended period. The goal of this work was to produce a VRC invasome gel with improved topical antifungal activity. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) program was utilized to optimize the IVS after it was created using the thin-film hydration process. The optimized invasome formulation through BBD has 159.9 nm of vesicle size, 68.58% of entrapment efficiency, and 23.5 mV of zeta potential. The spherical shape of the vesicle was revealed using scanning microscopy. According to FTIR spectra, the medication and polymers do not interact. The optimized invasomal VRC gel exhibited an optimum of 345 to 589 cp. Ex-vivo permeation studies of IG4 exhibited a higher flux of 0.168 as compared to pure voriconazole. An antimicrobial study was accepted to check the antimicrobial efficiency of voriconazole gel (IG4). The study confirmed a good zone of inhibition of the fungus infection (C. albicans). The voriconazole invasome’s potential diffusion and antibacterial efficacy are demonstrated here. Invasomal gel was found to be an effective carrier and a desirable strategy for improving the topical distribution of VRC to treat fungal infections.

MAT2A inhibition combats metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming in cancer

MAT2A inhibition combats metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming in cancer

PrEP in the key population community: a qualitative study of perspectives on pre-exposure prophylaxis by men who have sex with men and female sex workers in Kigali, Rwanda.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) are increasingly and disproportionately impacted by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, yet current PrEP care models in this region are not optimized for these communities. Limited data exist describing experiences and preferences of MSM and FSW with respect to accessing and using PrEP. We conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with MSM and FSW recruited from three health centers and seven community organizations in Kigali, Rwanda. Data were analyzed using a mixed deductive and inductive approach to describe key themes related to initiating and adhering to PrEP. Participants included 18 MSM and 14 FSW; 12 were using PrEP at the time of interview, 9 had previously used PrEP, and 11 had never used it. Participants highlighted the central role of their social networks as key sources of information about and support for PrEP use, and described a strong motivation to use PrEP as a way to protect both themselves and their communities from HIV. While stigma and discrimination were pervasive, these were experienced differently by MSM and FSW. Participants suggested community access points that allowed more discreet and less frequent contact with health care workers as important and desired strategies to improve engagement. These findings suggest that leveraging community resources for disseminating information about HIV prevention and delivering PrEP could contribute to successful implementation of PrEP for MSM and FSW in Rwanda and other settings in SSA.

Hollow porous silica nanoreactors encapsulating VOx-decorated Pt nanoparticles for the reverse water–gas shift reaction

Reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction is a desirable strategy for achieving CO2 utilization and enhancing CO production. Due to the endothermic nature and the chemical equilibrium of this reaction, the reaction is typically conducted at high temperatures (300 ∼ 1000 °C); however, high temperature conditions lead to the sintering of the catalyst, resulting in a catalyst deactivation. Herein we report the synthesis of a metal oxide (V or Mo oxide)-decorated Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in hollow porous silica nanoreactors (HPSNs) by a W/O micro-emulsion system using branched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) as a sacrificial metal–ligand. The HPSNs encapsulating VOx-decorated Pt nanoparticles (Pt-VOx@HPSNs) afforded a 1.8-fold increased activity in RWGS reaction at 500 °C compared with Pt@HPSNs with a net CO production rate of 1140.3 mmol/gcat/h and with nearly 100 % CO selectivity. In situ XAFS measurement and reaction kinetic analysis reveal that the interplay of Pt nanoparticles and the decorated V oxide, which simultaneously activate H2 and CO2, respectively, leads to a lowering of the activation energy and a faster CO production rate. Furthermore, the Pt-VOx@HPSNs catalyst retains over 92 % activity after 50 h of continuous operation at 500 °C with the aid of a protective silica shell. This work offers a strategy for the design and development of an efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst for RWGS reactions.

Dynamic event-based cooperative control of virtually coupled high-speed trains: an ADP-based optimal control scheme

This paper is concerned with the cooperative control issue of virtually coupled high-speed trains (VCHSTs) under an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) framework, where a dynamic event-triggered mechanism is employed to govern the communication between sensors and observers. A learning-based observer, equipped with a robust term, is exploited to mitigate the effect of the unknown nonlinear dynamics of the VCHSTs. Furthermore, to realise the distributed design, an auxiliary control signal is employed to simply the closed-loop system and also integrated into the cost function to handle the coupled nature of the investigated systems. The Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is approximated by actor and critic networks in the ADP framework, which iteratively acquires the desired control strategy. By resorting to the common Lyapunov stability, some sufficient conditions are derived to achieve the desired observer gain and learning rates of NNs. Ultimately, the control scheme's efficiency is confirmed by simulations of VCHSTs.

Optimal Oxophilicity at the Fe-Nx Interface Enhances the Generation of Singlet Oxygen for Efficient Fenton-Like Catalysis.

In the pursuit of efficient singlet oxygen generation in Fenton-like catalysis, the utilization of single-atom catalysts (SACs) emerges as a highly desired strategy. Here, a discovery is reported that the single-atom Fe coordinated with five N-atoms on N-doped porous carbon, denoted as Fe-N5/NC, outperform its counterparts, those coordinated with four (Fe-N4/NC) or six N-atoms (Fe-N6/NC), as well as state-of-the-art SACs comprising other transition metals. Thus, Fe-N5/NC exhibits exceptional efficacy in activating peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of organic pollutants. The coordination number of N-atoms can be readily adjusted by pyrolysis of pre-assembly structures consisting of Fe3+ and various isomers of phenylenediamine. Fe-N5/NC displayed outstanding tolerance to environmental disturbances and minimal iron leaching when incorporated into a membrane reactor. A mechanistic study reveals that the axial ligand N reduces the contribution of Fe-3d orbitals in LUMO and increases the LUMO energy of Fe-N5/NC. This, in turn, reduces the oxophilicity of the Fe center, promoting the reactivity of *OO intermediate-a pivotal step for yielding singlet oxygen and the rate-determining step. These findings unveil the significance of manipulating the oxophilicity of metal atoms in single-atom catalysis and highlight the potential to augment Fenton-like catalysis performance using Fe-SACs.

Molecular-level hybridization of single-walled carbon nanotubes and a copper complex with counterbalanced electrostatic interactions

Hybridization and wet processibility are highly desired development strategies for next-generation nanomaterials. In particular, the hybridization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and transition metals has been investigated for decades owing to the numerous advantages, such as high mechanical and electrical properties. However, manufacturing nano-hybridized CNTs/transition metals is complicated, and no studies have been reported on the dispersion and hybridization of transition metals with single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) without any harsh or destructive methods due to the strong van der Waals forces. Herein, we demonstrate a one-step dispersion/hybridization of SWCNTs and a Cu-based complex and provide a mechanism derives from counterbalancing the electrostatic interactions via molecular-level charge transfer. The Cu-based complex-hybridized SWCNTs self-assemble and demonstrate suitable viscoelastic behaviors for various printing or coating processes. Finally, the nanostructured SWCNTs/Cu nanoparticle exhibits multifunctional electrothermal properties, electromagnetic interference shielding performances, and flexibilities. The proposed metal-complex-hybridized SWCNTs dispersions provide a wet process guideline for producing nanostructured electrodes.

Photocatalytic reaction pathways and mechanisms investigation for effective organic pollution degradation via in-situ construction of BiOCl/UiO66-NH2 heterostructure

Constructing heterostructured photocatalysts is a desirable strategy for the enhanced degradation performance of pollutants from wastewater. In this work, BiOCl/UiO66-NH2 photocatalysts were constructed by in-situ solvothermal method. The composites presented enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and Rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated sunlight. The formation of the porous structure via the introduction of UiO66-NH2 not only enhances the adsorption ability of the catalyst but also promotes light harvesting, which enables the samples to exhibit high photocatalytic performance. In addition, the probable photodegradation pathways and mechanisms were studied in detail. This work provides an effective route for removing various pollutants in wastewater with heterojunction photocatalysts.

Sulfonamide-directed site-selective functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)−H enabled by photocatalytic sequential electron/proton transfer

The generation of alkyl radical from C(sp3)−H substrates via hydrogen atom abstraction represents a desirable yet underexplored strategy in alkylation reaction since involving common concerns remain adequately unaddressed, such as the harsh reaction conditions, limited substrate scope, and the employment of noble metal- or photo-catalysts and stoichiometric oxidants. Here, we utilize the synergistic strategy of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis to accomplish a general and practical functionalization of unactived C(sp3)−H centers with broad reaction scope, high functional group compatibility, and operational simplicity. A combination of validation experiments and density functional theory reveals that the N-centered radicals, generated from free N − H bond in a stepwise electron/proton transfer event, are the key intermediates that enable an intramolecular 1,5-HAT or intermolecular HAT process for nucleophilic carbon-centered radicals formation to achieve heteroarylation, alkylation, amination, cyanation, azidation, trifluoromethylthiolation, halogenation and deuteration. The practical value of this protocol is further demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis and the late-stage functionalization of natural products and drug derivatives.

Review Article] How to Improve the Human Mindset

Modern societies are challenged by a range of problems; most, if not all, are aggravated by the way people behave. Our minds are shaped by the combined effect of genes and environment. Of these two, the only practical option for modifying behavior is to adjust the impact of the environment. All communities try to mold their members; thus, the question is not _whether_ we should attempt to form the brains of future generations, but _how_ to optimize the outcome. In this review, I discuss desirable features, brain plasticity, and strategies for enhancing society by tweaking the mindset, and thus the behavioral propensities, of the population.

A waste extended input-output-based Transformer-LSTM method for analyzing hazardous waste reduction patterns: A case study of shanghai

Population growth, economic development, and industrialization have resulted in a notable surge in the hazardous waste (HW) generation, consequently leading to adverse effects on human health and environmental safety. In this work, a Waste Extended Input-Output-based Transformer-Long Short-Term Memory (WEIO-TL) method was developed to simulate the HW generation patterns of various economic industries in the supply chain and generate the desired strategies for reducing HW generation. The WEIO-TL method was applied to Shanghai to identify its HW reduction path and potential by 2035. Multiple scenarios were designed to investigate the impacts of different degrees of economic and technological development on HW generation. The primary results indicated that the economic proportion of each key industry and the technological innovation capability were the main factors influencing the HW generation in Shanghai. The six key industries identified by the WEIO were the chemical industry (CI), other services (OS), transportation equipment (MTE), computers, communication, and other electronic equipment (MCCOEE), wholesale and retail trades (WRT), and construction (C). HW generation would peak at 1570.9 kt in 2025 and subsequently decrease to 949.0 kt by 2035 under the optimal scenario based on the optimal TL model (R2 and RMSE values of 0.976 and 5.968), associated with industry structure optimization (i.e., part of high-polluting industries would be shifted to service) and technological innovation capability improvement. The results of the study will serve as a theoretical foundation to guide other cities toward achieving "zero waste."

Allogeneic transplantation after immunotherapy for relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a comparison with a historical cohort

Background aimsNew immunotherapy drugs, such as bispecific T-cell engager antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors and antibody–drug conjugates, are commonly used as salvage therapy for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma relapsing after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Nevertheless, their potential long-term effects on the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) are not well known. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 27 relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving Allo-SCT after immunotherapy in the pre-CAR T-cell therapy era and compared them with a historical cohort of 28 subjects undergoing Allo-SCT after conventional therapy. ResultsThe two cohorts had similar outcomes in terms of graft-versus-host disease/relapse-free survival (4 years, 59% versus 46%), overall survival (4 years, 77% versus 44%), non-relapse mortality (4 years, 19% versus 22%) and acute (6 months, 15% versus 21%) and chronic (4 years, 18% versus 24%) graft-versus-host disease. Of note, the cumulative incidence of relapse was lower after immunotherapy (4 years, 4% versus 14%), although significance was not reached. The cumulative incidence of cytomegalovirus and fungal infection did not differ among the two cohorts. ConclusionsConsolidation with Allo-SCT is a safe and curative option for patients achieving disease response after new immunotherapy drugs that could represent a desirable salvage strategy for patients relapsing after CAR T-cell therapy.

Coping strategies of intensive care unit nurses reducing moral distress: A content analysis study

Background Moral distress has negative effects on physical and mental health. However, there is little information about nurses’ coping strategies reducing moral distress. Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the coping strategies of intensive care unit nurses reducing moral distress in Iran. Study design This is a qualitative study with a content analysis approach. Participants and research context The research sample consisted of nurses working in intensive care units of teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Samples were selected among eligible nurses by purposive sampling. Data were obtained through 17 in-depth, individual, and semi-structured interviews with 17 nurses. Graneheim and Lundman’s (2004) 6-step content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Data management was also performed by MAXQDA software version 20. The COREQ checklist was used to report the study. Ethical considerations This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All ethical guidelines in research were followed. Finding The data analysis resulted in the formation of two main categories of desirable coping strategies (with two subcategories of compensation and rejuvenation) and less desirable coping strategies (with three subclasses of indifference over time, escape and concealment). Discussion The intensive care unit nurses in dealing with ethical problems first try to solve the problem through discussion, but when they fail to resolve it peacefully, they resort to several coping strategies. Factors, such as increasing experience, lack of support from hospital managers and officials, poor communication between colleagues, the need to maintain hierarchy, fear of reprimand, and a sense of powerlessness, changed the nurses’ preferred strategies. It is important for managers to provide a blame/punishment-free atmosphere for expression of ethical experiences; a supportive atmosphere in which staff can engage in ethical discussions without fear of punishment. They should also provide opportunities for rest, rejuvenation, and adequate training for their employees.

Continuing the conversation: a cross-sectional study about the effects of work-related adverse events on the mental health of Dutch (resident) obstetrician-gynaecologists (ObGyns)

BackgroundObstetrician-Gynaecologists (ObGyns) frequently face work-related adverse events such as severe obstetric complications and maternal or neonatal deaths. In 2014, the WATER-1 study showed that ObGyns are at risk of developing work-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while many hospitals lacked a professional support system. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the current prevalence of work-related traumatic events and mental health problems among Dutch ObGyns, as well as to examine the current and desired support.MethodsIn 2022, an online questionnaire was sent to all members of the Dutch Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (NVOG), including resident and attending ObGyns. The survey included questions about experienced work-related events, current and desired coping strategies, and three validated screening questionnaires for anxiety, depression, and PTSD (HADS, TSQ, and PCL-5).ResultsThe response rate was 18.8% and 343 questionnaires were included in the analysis. Of the respondents, 93.9% had experienced at least one work-related adverse event, 20.1% had faced a complaint from the national disciplinary board, and 49.4% had considered leaving the profession at any moment in their career. The prevalence rates of clinically relevant anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were 14.3, 4.4, and 15.7%, respectively. The prevalence of work-related PTSD was 0.9% according to DSM-IV and 1.2% according to DSM-5. More than half of the respondents (61.3%) reported the presence of a structured support protocol or approach in their department or hospital, and almost all respondents (92.6%) rated it as sufficient.ConclusionsThe percentages of anxiety, depression, psychological distress and PTSD are comparable to the similar study performed in 2014. Most Dutch ObGyns experience adverse events at work, which can be perceived as traumatic and, in certain cases, may lead to the development of PTSD. Structured support after adverse work-related events is now available in almost two-thirds of workplaces, and was mostly experienced as good. Despite substantial improvements in the availability and satisfaction of professional support after work-related adverse events, the prevalence rates of mental problems remain considerable, and it is imperative to sustain conversation about the mental well-being of ObGyns.

Comparison of Magnetostrictive-Actuated Semi-Active Control Methods Based on Synchronized Switching

Three distinct synchronized switching circuits based on a magnetostrictive actuator are compared in this paper to examine their control mechanisms and circuit characteristics. These circuits include a semi-active shunt circuit, a semi-active current inversion and amplification circuit, and a semi-active automatic current inversion and amplification circuit. Each circuit type employs an additional electronic switch. The synchronized switching method enables the rational control of the circuit current generated by the magnetostrictive actuator to fulfill any desired control strategy. Simulation and experimental results on a 10-bay truss structure reveal that the three circuits can effectively adjust the polarity of the induced current as needed. The three circuits are then compared to thoroughly analyze their unique characteristics and explain their respective advantages and dis-advantages. Using the comparison results, various options available for control circuit design are demonstrated.

Rectal microbiomes and serum metabolomics reveal the improved effect of Artemisia ordosica crude polysaccharides on the lactation performance, antioxidant status, and immune responses of lactating donkeys

This study is aimed at investigating the effects of dietary supplementation with Artemisia ordosica crude polysaccharides (AOCP) on lactation performance, antioxidant status, and immune status of lactating donkeys and analyzing rectal microbiomes and serum metabolomes. Fourteen lactating Dezhou donkeys with similar age (6.16 ± 0.67 yr of BW ± SD), weight (250.06 ± 25.18 kg), DIM (39.11 ± 7.42 d), and average parity of 3 were randomly allocated into 2 treatments: a control group (CON, basal diet) and an AOCP group (AOCP, basal diet with 1.0 g/kg DM AOCP). Ten weeks were allotted for the experiment, 2 wk for adaptation, and 8 wk for collecting data and samples. The results showed that supplementation of donkey diets with AOCP increased lactation performance, including DMI, milking yield, estimated milk yield, solids-corrected milk, ECM, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, milk lactose yield, milk TS yield, and milk SNF yield. The digestibility of DM, CP, ADF, and NDF was increased in the AOCP group compared with the CON group. The AOCP group increased the concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM, the activities of the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity in the serum. Artemisia ordosica crude polysaccharides decreased the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde in the serum. Compared with the CON group, AOCP increased propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and total VFA concentrations in rectal feces (P < 0.05). The addition of AOCP to increased diversity (Shannon index) and altered structure of the rectal microflora. As a result of AOCP supplementation, there has been a significant improvement in the colonization of beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Unclassified_f_Prevotellacea, Ruminococcus, and Fibrobacter genera. In contrast, a decrease in the colonization of the Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 bacterial genus and other pathogenic bacteria was observed. Meanwhile, metabolomics analysis found that AOCP supplementation upregulated metabolites l-tyrosine content while downregulating 9(S)-HODE, choline, sucrose, lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (18:0), LysoPC (18:1(9Z)), and LysoPC (20:2(11Z,14Z)) concentrations. These altered metabolites were involved in the PPAR signaling pathway, prolactin signaling pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and tyrosine metabolism pathways, which were mainly related to antioxidant capacity, immune responses, and protein metabolism in the lactating donkeys. As a consequence of feeding AOCP diets, beneficial bacteria were abundant, and antioxidant and protein metabolism-related pathways were enriched, which may enhance lactation performance in donkeys. Therefore, supplementing AOCP diets is a desirable dietary strategy to improve donkey health and lactation performance.