Design Theory Approach Research Articles

Redefining the characteristics of process-industries: A design theory approach

Redefining the characteristics of process-industries: A design theory approach

A STUDY OF MEDAN HELVETIA SUB DISTRICT MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS WITH URBAN DESIGN THEORY APPROACH

This study aims to determine and understand the current morphological patterns of Medan Helvetia Sub District. It is due to the need for reconsideration regarding the spatial structure of the sub-district because there are several problems troubling residents, namely frequent congestion and flooding. By using a descriptive methodology, this research uses several methods, starting with secondary data collection. Secondary data obtained shows that the study of Medan Helvetia Sub District morphological patterns is using the urban design theory approach, which is composed of three aspects, namely figure-ground, linkage, and place. The next method is discussing the data that has been obtained and ending with finding answers to research problems. The findings are useful as references in developing the physical design of this sub-district in the future.
 
 Keywords: figure-ground, linkage, Medan Helvetia Sub District, morphological patterns, place

ANALISA VISUAL DESAIN KARAKTER SERIAL ANIMASI “KUKU ROCK YOU”

<p><em>Nowadays, the influence of technological developments is increasingly rapid and widespread, especially in the creative industry. The cultivation of animated films is getting more serious, this can be seen from the maturity of the character design processing. One of them is </em><em>created by</em><em> Indonesian</em><em> </em><em>studio</em><em> film</em><em>, called “</em><em>Kuku Rock You</em><em>”</em><em>. This three-dimensional animated film won in the Asiagraph competition in 2008. This comedy genre film tells the story of a native chicken who is obsessed with becoming a rock singer with a funny and unique story.</em></p><p><em>The purpose of this research is to analyze the character design in the Kuku Rock You animated series. This research use holistic character design theory, so that the results of this research can be useful for animators or illustrators in creating a similar product.</em><em> </em><em>This research used qualitative methods that provide descriptive data about character designs that are theoretically capable of being iconic characters and are expected to be well received by the audience.</em><em> </em><em>The result of this research are a form of analysis of characters designs that exist in the Kuku Rock You series through a holistic character design theory approach</em><em>.</em></p>

Assessing and Improving the Coverage of a Strategic Research Agenda: A Design Theory Approach

AbstractStrategic Research Agendas (SRA) bring to the research community a prospective and collective vision of a sector and are intended to provide directions for future research efforts. However, some promising innovative areas are not always foreseen in those documents, which raises the question of the relevance and adequacy of their coverage. While engineering design is often considered to translate SRA guidelines into product development, we believe it can also be of great help regarding the design of an SRA. In this paper, we will first address how to assess the scope of an SRA through a framework based on C-K theory, before exploring how to extend it, if need be. To answer those questions, we will examine a high-quality roadmap: the Electronic Components and Systems Strategic Research Agenda (ECS SRA). Our resulting method will provide us the means to assess SRA coverage and to ensure that interesting research areas are not forgotten unintentionally, in order to allow to a further enrichment of the document if needed.

Sustainability outcomes through direct digital manufacturing-based operational practices: A design theory approach

Direct digital manufacturing (DDM) is a combination of product modeling and manufacturing technology that directly converts digital models to physical objects without the need for tooling. The capability of DDM to improve the sustainability of products and processes is based on changing operational practices in product design, distribution, use, and after-sales services. Although research has provided evidence of the potential impact of DDM technologies, there is limited research on how specific DDM-based operational practices add to the operational capabilities of a manufacturer and how these capabilities can be used to improve sustainability outcomes. To address this research gap, we evaluate how current and future DDM-based operational practices can be used to improve products and processes. The analyzed current practices are in prototyping, tooling, on-demand parts manufacturing, and customized parts manufacturing. Two future practices that are evaluated are DDM-based incremental product improvement and dynamic supply chain reconfiguration.Based on the evaluation of current and future practices, we propose a design theory for the introduction of DDM into manufacturing firms for improving sustainability capabilities. The key contribution of this article is specifying the mechanisms by which a specific DDM-based operational practice improves sustainability outcomes and how each practice creates an operational practice threshold that needs to be reached before further improvement of capabilities is possible. Thus, using the theory new operational practices can be proactively developed and tested before the next threshold is reached. This in turn will help manufacturers develop strategies and investment plans for current and future DDM-based practices and to accumulate sustainability capabilities faster.

The impact of age and training on creativity: A design-theory approach to study fixation effects

Despite diverse studies grasping at different aspects of fixation in creativity and design reasoning, the underlying mechanisms of fixation, i.e. the processes that interfere during creative reasoning and that lead to being fixed on a small number of unvaried solutions, are still unclear. Specifically, there is a need to understand more precisely the link between some activated knowledge and the solutions that are consequently explored, in order to model the fixation that occurs during design reasoning. This paper aims at examining the nature of fixation in creative contexts, and the impact of age and training on creative skills. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to model fixation based on C-K design theory, in which fixation is characterized as a set of restrictive heuristics activated in a creative reasoning. We apply our framework to a creative task and confront this theoretical approach with a set of experiments. In two studies, we show how age and education impact individuals in different ways regarding fixation and how the proposed framework allows making sense of this variety of fixation in design processes. We conclude by proposing three capabilities that are required to both understand fixation and overcome it: restrictive heuristics development, inhibitory control and expansion.

Design exemplars for synchronous e-learning: A design theory approach

Synchronous e-learning has received much less research attention, as compared with asynchronous e-learning. Practitioners that consider using and designing synchronous e-learning are in urgent need of guidance. In order to address this need, we propose design exemplars for synchronous e-learning. They are directed towards a primary constituent community of teachers, administrators, managers and developers of e-learning. The exemplars have been theoretically as well as empirically grounded through cross-case analyses of studies conducted between 2003 and 2006. Moreover, the exemplars have been evaluated by conducting focus group sessions with experienced practitioners having experience of using and developing e-learning. Strong support was identified for each design exemplar. The exemplars can be used as research hypotheses and be tested in future design research.

A Design Theory Approach to Building Strategic Network‐Based Customer Service Systems*

ABSTRACTCustomer service is a key component of a firm's value proposition and a fundamental driver of differentiation and competitive advantage in nearly every industry. Moreover, the relentless coevolution of service opportunities with novel and more powerful information technologies has made this area exciting for academic researchers who can contribute to shaping the design and management of future customer service systems. We engage in interdisciplinary research—across information systems, marketing, and computer science—in order to contribute to the service design and service management literature. Grounded in the design‐science perspective, our study leverages marketing theory on the service‐dominant logic and recent findings pertaining to the evolution of customer service systems. Our theorizing culminates with the articulation of four design principles. These design principles underlie the emerging class of customer service systems that, we believe, will enable firms to better compete in an environment characterized by an increase in customer centricity and in customers' ability to self‐serve and dynamically assemble the components of solutions that fit their needs. In this environment, customers retain control over their transactional data, as well as the timing and mode of their interactions with firms, as they increasingly gravitate toward integrated complete customer solutions rather than single products or services. Guided by these design principles, we iterated through, and evaluated, two instantiations of the class of systems we propose, before outlining implications and directions for further cross‐disciplinary scholarly research.

On f-fault tolerant arc-forwarding and optical indices of all-optical folded hypercubes

We construct a leveled f-fault tolerant routing for a class of the folded hypercube networks. This routing achieves a lower bound established by Gupta in [A. Gupta, J. Man˘uch, L. Stacho, Fault tolerant forwarding and optical indices: A design theory approach, J. Combin. Designs 14 (2006) 25–40] and therefore, yields the exact value of the f-fault tolerant arc-forwarding index for this class. In addition, again by applying this routing together with the Brook's Theorem [J.A. Bondy, U.S.R. Murty, Graph Theory with Applications, The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1976], an upper bound for the f-fault tolerant optical index is also established.

Can Information Systems Foster Emotional Intelligence? A Design Theory-Based Approach

Researchers in Information Systems (IS) have conducted extensive research into various kinds of collaboration systems over the last twenty-five years. A parallel stream of inquiry in psychology and management has developed research in organizational Emotional Intelligence, which contributes to the effectiveness of group interactions by increasing cooperation and reducing conflict. Collaboration systems present a special opportunity to introduce soft management functions such as Emotional Intelligence because they are designed as an intelligent channel of interaction between group members. This research used an Information Systems Design Theory approach to guide the integration of Emotional Intelligence functions into collaboration systems. Two artifact systems were constructed based on these designs, and the systems were utilized and compared in a lab exercise that required group interaction. The findings of the research provide validation of the design approach, evaluation of emotional communication effects, and implications for new dimensions of emotion-based subtext and advisory capabilities that enhance Emotional Intelligence.

Two-level experiments for binary response data

Information in a statistical experiment is often measured through the determinant of its information matrix. Under first order normal linear models, the determinant of the information matrix of a two-level factorial experiment neither depends on where the experiment is centered, nor on how it is oriented, and balanced allocations are more informative than unbalanced ones with the same number of runs. In contrast, under binary response models, none of these properties hold. The performance of two-level experiments for binomial responses is explored by investigating the dependence of the determinant of their information matrix on their location, orientation, range, presence or absence of interactions and on the relative allocation of runs to support points, and in particular, on the type of fractionating involved. Conventional wisdom about two-level factorial experiments, which is deeply rooted on normal response models, does not apply to binomial models. In binary response settings, factorial experiments should not be used for screening or as building blocks for binary response surface exploration, and there is no alternative to the optimal design theory approach to planning experiments.

A Design Theory Approach to Community Informatics: Community-Centered Development and Action Research Testing of Online Social Networking Prototype

Over the last two decades, there has been increasing attention to the array of information and technology (ICT) applications that can be used for creating community information systems. This paper adopts takes a design theory approach to the community-centered development and testing of an online social networking prototype. The action research project was conducted in a college setting, where an online software system as designed and eventually used by 273 students over a six week period. A follow-on survey and interviews suggested the system was promising in terms of its influence of several dimensions of social capital, though a more extensive field testing would be needed to fully explore these statistical relationships. The paper concludes with a discussion of refinements that may be useful in using a community-centered design approach aimed at creating community information systems.

The impact of web-based worked examples and self-explanation on performance, problem solving, and self-efficacy

Studying worked examples and engaging in self-explanation are well-supported strategies for developing self-regulated learning and improving student performance. Our efforts involve a design theory approach to creating a Web-based learning tool that uses the notion of a weekly quiz to draw students into an environment that supports the development of fundamental strategies for improving performance and well-structured problem solving. This manuscript describes a quasi-experimental study to isolate the specific impact of our tool on student learning and motivation. Results are inconclusive about an impact for students only provided with worked examples. The combination of a worked example with a self-explanation prompt produces improvement in performance, problem solving skill, and self-efficacy.

Fault tolerant forwarding and optical indexes: A design theory approach

AbstractWe study the problem of designing fault tolerant routings in both complete and complete bipartite optical networks. We show that this problem has strong connections to various fundamental problems in design theory. Using a design theory approach, we find optimal f‐fault tolerant arc‐forwarding indexes for all complete networks and all complete balanced bipartite networks. Similarly, we find almost exact values for f‐fault tolerant optical indexes for these networks. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs

Estimation of Residual Effects in Repeated Measurements Designs

Summary Under the standard model and using an approximate design theory approach, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a repeated measurements design to be universally optimal for residual effects. In exact design theory, it is shown that symmetric optimal designs can be derived from a single linear equation. Examples of optimal designs, which can be obtained from these conditions, are given. Many of the existing optimal designs, together with new ones, can be obtained by this method. Bounds are given for computing the efficiencies of designs for estimating residual effects.