The development of the new liberal arts construction has put forward higher requirements for the training of art design professionals in colleges and universities. Under this background, colleges and universities should optimize the professional curriculum system setting, update the curriculum teaching model, and take the initiative to meet the changes of the current time. Based on this, this paper studies the innovative practice of the curriculum system of art and design majors under the background of new liberal arts. First of all, it analyzes the characteristics of the new liberal arts construction and its new requirements for the cultivation of art design talents. On this basis, the paper puts forward the strategy of curriculum system innovation practice, including clarifying the concept of curriculum system construction, promoting the integration of liberal arts courses, optimizing the practical curriculum system, introducing innovative and entrepreneurial practice projects, and so on, to cultivate high-quality art design talents with innovative spirit and practical ability.