Architectural Design Space Research Articles

Automatic architecture design for distributed quantum computing

Abstract In distributed quantum computing (DQC), quantum hardware design mainly focuses on providing as many as possible high-quality inter-chip connections. Meanwhile, quantum software tries its best to reduce the required number of remote quantum gates between chips. However, this “hardware first, software follows” methodology may not fully exploit the potential of DQC. Inspired by classical software–hardware co-design, this paper explores the design space of application-specific DQC architectures. More specifically, we propose AutoArch, an automated quantum chip network (QCN) structure design tool. With qubits grouping followed by a customized QCN design, AutoArch can generate a near-optimal DQC architecture suitable for target quantum algorithms. Experimental results show that the DQC architecture generated by AutoArch can outperform other general QCN architectures when executing target quantum algorithms.

Interactive design of new media images and architectural space: taking Hangzhou as an example

ABSTRACT Traditional architectural space design often relies on fixed display boards, paper guides, and static displays. Viewers can only passively receive information and lack opportunities to interact with the displayed content, making it difficult to generate deep participation and personalized experiences. This article applied new media images into the interactive design of architectural spaces, transforming and innovating traditional architectural spaces, and providing audiences with a richer and more attractive spatial experience. The navigation service was set as the architectural space design goal, and analyzed using the Leifeng Tower building in Hangzhou as an example. Building Information Modeling (BIM) was used to digitally model the Leifeng Tower building, accurately simulating the building structure, spatial layout, and landscape information. By adding virtual information annotations and navigation routes, tourists were provided with a more diverse and colorful architectural space experience. The experimental results showed that among 400 tourists, the highest number of tourists using augmented reality navigation was 204, and the average satisfaction score of tourists with augmented reality navigation reached 90. Moreover, presenting the guide content in a multimodal form can better enhance the spatial experience of tourists. The use of augmented reality in architectural spatial interaction design can enrich tourists’ perception and experience in the architectural space, enabling them to interact with the building in a more vivid and interactive way.

SAT-Based Exact Modulo Scheduling Mapping for Resource-Constrained CGRAs

Coarse-Grain Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) represent emerging low-power architectures designed to accelerate Compute-Intensive Loops (CILs). The effectiveness of CGRAs in providing acceleration relies on the quality of mapping: how efficiently the CIL is compiled onto the platform. State-of-the-Art (SoA) compilation techniques utilize modulo scheduling to minimize the Iteration Interval (II) and use graph algorithms like Max-Clique Enumeration to address mapping challenges. Our work approaches the mapping problem through a satisfiability (SAT) formulation. We introduce the Kernel Mobility Schedule (KMS), an ad hoc schedule used with the Data Flow Graph and CGRA architectural information to generate Boolean statements that, when satisfied, yield a valid mapping. Experimental results demonstrate SAT-MapIt outperforming SoA alternatives in almost 50% of explored benchmarks. Additionally, we evaluated the mapping results in a synthesizable CGRA design and emphasized the runtime metrics trends, i.e., energy efficiency and latency, across different CILs and CGRA sizes. We show that a hardware-agnostic analysis performed on compiler-level metrics can optimally prune the architectural design space, while still retaining Pareto-optimal configurations. Moreover, by exploring how implementation details impact cost and performance on real hardware, we highlight the importance of holistic software-to-hardware mapping flows, as the one presented herein.

Adding Green to Architectures: Empirical Research Based on Indoor Vertical Greening of the Emotional Promotion on Adolescents

Good architectural space design can bring positive emotional stimulation and relaxation to users, but few studies have investigated the quantitative indicators in architectural space design and their impact on user emotions. This study takes the right-angle sandwich interface system in architecture as an example to guide the next vertical greening simulation experiment by comparing the spatial quantitative differences in connection value, integration degree, and population agglomeration. Eighty adolescent volunteers were recruited into a control (artificial decorative wall) and experimental (green wall) group based on wall type. We compared their physiological and psychological indicators, including blood pressure and blood oxygen, and psychological indicators, including POMS and SIAI-S scales. Then, we made predictive factor judgements on vertical green elements. The quantification of the interior space of the building showed consistency in parameter changes, with the central area being the area of connectivity, integration, and crowd aggregation values. After the experiment, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate (p = 0.00) and a significant decrease in tension, anger, fatigue, depression, and panic (p = 0.00). The quantitative relationship between vertical greening elements and emotional promotion using stepwise linear exploration shows that the “vine” element is a significant predictive factor for diastolic blood pressure, T-A emotion, and SIAI-S values. The results enrich the indoor optimization and creation expansion paths of interface systems for various spatial experiences and further provide guidance for urban indoor green construction plans and green landscape facility planning via the emotional influence of indoor vertical space greening on young people.

Commercial marketing principals' impact on the design of architectural spaces The Case Study of The New Administrative Capital-Egypt

Commercial marketing principals' impact on the design of architectural spaces The Case Study of The New Administrative Capital-Egypt

Constitutive behavior of asymmetric multi-material honeycombs with bi-level variably-thickened composite architecture

Bi-level tailoring of cellular metamaterials involving a dual design space of unit cell and elementary beam level architectures has recently gained traction for the ability to achieve extreme elastic constitutive properties along with modulating multi-functional mechanical behavior in an unprecedented way. This article proposes an efficient analytical approach for the accurate evaluation of all constitutive elastic constants of asymmetric multi-material variably-thickened hexagonal lattices by considering the combined effect of bending, stretching, and shearing deformations of cell walls along with their rigid rotation. A tri-member unit cell is conceptualized, wherein all nine constitutive constants are obtained through the mechanics under one cell wall direction and subsequent repetitive coordinate transformations. We enhance the design space of lattice metamaterials substantially here by introducing multiple exploitable dimensions such as asymmetric geometry, multi-material unit cells and variably-thickened cell walls, wherein the conventional monomaterial auxetic and non-auxetic hexagonal configurations can be analyzed as special cases along with other symmetric and asymmetric lattices such as a range of rectangular and rhombic geometries. The generic analytical approach along with extensive numerical results presented in this paper opens up new avenues for efficient optimized design of the next-generation multi-functional lattices and cellular metamaterials with highly tailored effective elastic properties.

Intelligent design exploration method for complex engineered system architecture generation

ABSTRACT Owing to the discontinuous specificity and complexity of architecture design space, the issue of selecting and combining components comprising the engineered system, numerous constraints and associations need to be accounted for, adding up to a complex and substantial cognitive load on the system architects, which makes it challenging to tackle the current demand of adaptive improvements or innovative upgrading of the existing mature architectural solutions. To this end, this paper proposes an intelligent design exploration method for complex system architecture generation with reinforcement learning. The architectural design space (ADS) is identified by defining the dimensions of ADS, including model, quantity, and design chain, as well as the mathematical boundaries and representation to facilitate computable intelligent design exploration. On this basis, by adopting AI techniques primarily based on reinforcement learning, a massive and reliable architectural scheme is rapidly generated, and a more satisfying and robust architectural solution is selected by accessing the fuzzy Pareto frontier. Validation of the method is demonstrated through a case study of a launch vehicle's first and second-stage separation system. This research contributes valuable insights to overcoming the limitations of traditional techniques and enhancing the efficiency of the generative design and decision-making for complex engineered system architecture.

Analysis of Art Museum Design under the Concept of Sustainable Development

With the rapid growth of economy and urbanization, the development of cities has gradually focused on promoting the culture and image of cities and meeting the spiritual needs of the people. Therefore, cultural public buildings play an important role in urban development. However, the process of urbanization has led to the gradual saturation of urban architectural space. Cultural public buildings must not only meet the development requirements of cities, but also have the sustainability of development advocated by society and the diversity of use functions. On this basis, this article takes spatialism as a design approach and urban art gallery space as a design carrier to summarize the characteristics of green, low-carbon and sustainable development pursued by urban development under the spatialism design idea. This article discusses the overall situation from large to small, from far to near, summarizes the corresponding design ideas, and uses a large number of cases to support the relevant design ideas, aiming to explore the research on the architectural space design of art galleries that is both in line with the sustainability of urban development and in line with the aesthetics of modern people in architectural space.

At the Intersection of Cinema and Architecture: An Exploration of How Architectural Space Design Transforms into a Subject of Resistance in the Film 'Leyla's Brothers'

The use of space holds a distinctive place in cinematic narrative, as spaces created primarily in adherence to the story are also intertwined with the ideological stance within the narrative. Transforming a place into a space is possible through communication established with that place, and a location initially planned as four walls becomes a space through interaction with individuals. In cinema, space is a distinctive area where the story unfolds, and the narrative is directly shared with the audience. Thus, the ideological nature of space within the context of the story also finds its place in the cinematic narrative. The relationship between cinema and space signifies the combination of visual and spatial elements in the art of cinema, conveying a specific atmosphere, emotion, or meaning on the aesthetic plane to the audience. This relationship involves the ability of filmmakers, producers, and cinematographers to offer a certain experience to the audience by selecting specific locations, while also reflecting the director's subjective perspective in the film, taking the audience on a journey. Architectural design of spaces not only advance the flow of the story and lead the character development but also manage conflict areas. A specific location can alter the dynamics of relationships between characters. The film "Leyla's Brothers" (2022), directed by the Iranian filmmaker Saeed Roustaee, serves as a symbolic example of the strong structure of cinema by attempting to convey inter-sibling conflicts to the audience in ideological, cultural, and societal terms. It also emphasizes the significant role of architecturally designed cinematic spaces in conveying these nuances. In this context, the study attempts to discuss the film "Leyla's Brothers" within the framework of Henri Lefebvre's spatial theory, providing a comprehensive perspective that goes beyond the physical environment to understand social relationships, power dynamics, and cultural structures. Lefebvre regards space not only as a physical area but also as a social, cultural, and political phenomenon. His space theory argues for the understanding of space in conjunction with social relations. The analysis aims to explore the film within the power of cinema to reflect social dynamics and cultural elements, considering the societal dynamics of Iran.

An Investigation on Hardware-Aware Vision Transformer Scaling

Vision Transformer (ViT) has demonstrated promising performance in various computer vision tasks, and recently attracted a lot of research attention. Many recent works have focused on proposing new architectures to improve ViT and deploying it into real-world applications. However, little effort has been made to analyze and understand ViT’s architecture design space and its implication for hardware costs on different devices. In this work, by simply scaling ViT’s depth, width, input size, and other basic configurations, we show that a scaled vanilla ViT model without bells and whistles can achieve comparable or superior accuracy-efficiency trade-off than most of the latest ViT variants. Specifically, compared with DeiT-Tiny, our scaled model achieves a ↑ 1.9% higher ImageNet top-1 accuracy under the same FLOPs and a ↑ 3.7% better ImageNet top-1 accuracy under the same latency on an NVIDIA Edge GPU TX2. Motivated by this, we further investigate the extracted scaling strategies from the following two aspects: (1) can these scaling strategies be transferred across different real hardware devices ? and (2) can these scaling strategies be transferred to different ViT variants and tasks ?. For (1), our exploration, based on various devices with different resource budgets, indicates that the transferability effectiveness depends on the underlying device together with its corresponding deployment tool. For (2), we validate the effective transferability of the aforementioned scaling strategies obtained from a vanilla ViT model on top of an image classification task to the PiT model, a strong ViT variant targeting efficiency as well as object detection and video classification tasks. In particular, when transferred to PiT, our scaling strategies lead to a boosted ImageNet top-1 accuracy of from 74.6% to 76.7% (↑ 2.1%) under the same 0.7G FLOPs. When transferred to the COCO object detection task, the average precision is boosted by ↑ 0.7% under a similar throughput on a V100 GPU.

Architectural design space exploration of complex engineered systems with management constraints and preferences

During the architectural design phase, the decisions made have a crucial impact on developing complex systems. These decisions often limit the performance bounds and steer subsequent research directions. However, the multitude of architectural components and intricate interrelationships cause component combination explosion. Additionally, the diverse requirements of different stakeholders add complexity to determining the weight of indicators, posing challenges to complex system architecture generation and trade-off. This paper proposes a method for exploring the architectural design space in complex systems realisation, which aims to resolve issues related to the formal representation of architectures, selection within the architectural design space, and trade-offs. Firstly, the architectural design space is represented by formulating and mathematically describing a morphological matrix. Then, the construction of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem model aims to achieve a reduction in the scale of the design space. Moreover, through the evolutionary algorithm, the Pareto front is identified. Weight sensitivity analysis and the improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution method are combined to assist designers in finding a satisfactory architecture from the design space with many combinations. Finally, the proposed method is verified by the design of the launch vehicle’s primary and secondary separation system.

Enabling Efficient On-Edge Spiking Neural Network Acceleration with Highly Flexible FPGA Architectures

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise to perform tasks currently performed by classical artificial neural networks (ANNs) faster, in smaller footprints, and using less energy. Neuromorphic processors are set out to revolutionize computing at a large scale, but the move to edge-computing applications calls for finely-tuned custom implementations to keep pushing towards more efficient systems. To that end, we examined the architectural design space for executing spiking neuron models on FPGA platforms, focusing on achieving ultra-low area and power consumption. This work presents an efficient clock-driven spiking neuron architecture used for the implementation of both fully-connected cores and 2D convolutional cores, which rely on deep pipelines for synaptic processing and distributed memory for weight and neuron states. With them, we developed an accelerator for an SNN version of the LeNet-5 network trained on the MNIST dataset. At around 5.5 slices/neuron and only 348 mW, it is able to use 33% less area and four times less power per neuron as current state-of-the-art implementations while keeping low simulation step times.

Automated generation of aircraft on-board system architectures and filtering through certification specification requirements

On-board systems represent an important part of an aircraft having a noticeable impact on mass and fuel consumption, among others. New innovative systems might increase the performance of the new generation of aircraft. Aircraft on-board system architectures are defined by the different subsystems, components and connections among them. The big amount of possible combinations usually creates a huge architectural design space that requires automation in order to be properly explored. Certification aspects can be used as a filter in early design stages of on-board systems, this allows to discard some architectures if they are not compliant with the certification specifications. The discarded architectures do not need to be sized and calculated, saving computational time. The proposed methodology shows how to create this link between on-board system architectures generation and certification rules. Results show an application case regarding the modelling of a flight spoiler system. Several architectures are automatically generated from the design space and then automatically filtered by the certification specification rules. This achieves a preliminary certification of innovative on-board system architectures and allows certification aspects to also drive the design process.

Leather Industry Waste Management for Architectural Design

The leather and footwear cluster in Tungurahua state has a main role in the country’s production chain, supplying 76% of the country’s tanned hides for the textile, footwear, and furniture industries, among others. The processes involved in leather tanning generate liquid, gaseous, and solid waste, the latter including the shavings from the leather trimming process, which, due to their composition and volume, are compressed and disposed of in sanitary landfills. Through Strategic Design and circular processes, as axes of change in production, new processes and strategies are established for the creation of products derived from the reuse of tannery waste; as a result, a decorative block is obtained for the design of architectural spaces with dimensions of 150 × 75 × 355 mm, 300 g in weight, and a compressive strength of 15.72 MPa. This is subjected to physicochemical tests for its validation.

Programmable Analog System Benchmarks Leading to Efficient Analog Computation Synthesis

This effort develops the first rich suite of analog and mixed-signal benchmark of various sizes and domains, intended for use with contemporary analog and mixed-signal designs and synthesis tools. Benchmarking enables analog-digital co-design exploration as well as extensive evaluation of analog synthesis tools and the generated analog/mixed-signal circuit or device. The goals of this effort are defining analog computation system benchmarks, developing the required concepts for higher-level analog and mixed-signal tools to utilize these benchmarks, and enabling future automated architectural design space exploration (DSE) to determine the best configurable architecture (e.g., a new FPAA) for a certain family of applications. The benchmarks comprise multiple levels of an acoustic , a vision , a communications , and an analog filter system that must be simultaneously satisfied for a complete system.

Urban Architectural Space Design and Architectural Management

The field of urban architectural space design and architectural management covers various key aspects of creating and maintaining a building environment. Architectural space design involves conceptualization and feasibility studies, adherence to principles of functionality, aesthetics, and sustainability, as well as collaboration with engineers. Construction and management cover project management, compliance with regulations, and efficient resource utilization. Effective maintenance, regular inspections, upgrades, and refurbishments can ensure the long-term survival capability of the structure. Through this holistic approach, ultimately create practical, safe, aesthetically pleasing, and sustainable urban spaces.

Research on the optimization of interior design of architectural space considering user perception

Abstract This paper integrates the concept of user perception into the presentation of architectural interior spaces. It posits that by employing virtual presentation modes, interior design products are fully demonstrated to users, enhancing their perception of the available information and thereby facilitating the optimization of interior design. The research systematically extracts the influencing factors of user perception by conducting a thorough analysis and synthesis of the literature pertinent to architectural interiors. Additionally, this study combines findings from a questionnaire survey with methods of correlation and regression analysis to further substantiate the identified factors influencing user perception. On this basis, combined with the establishment of a refined model based on real data sources and an indoor modeling method based on tree hierarchy, an indoor 3D virtual scene is constructed with the help of Unity3D software to realize the optimization of architectural space interior design. Overall style of architectural interior space = −2.304 + 0.381*furniture + 0.274*soft furnishing color + 0.205*hard furnishing material + 0.165*lamps + 0.183*hard furnishing color + 0.106*accessories + 0.124*soft furnishing material + 0.115*fabric. Senior and graduate users of higher education had the same attitude towards “personalization” of interior design (both scored 4.33, close to “approved”), while faculty members had the lowest rating (2.6). This study can serve as a guide for the presentation of architectural interiors.

Research on architectural space design of modern biomedical industrial park

Research on architectural space design of modern biomedical industrial park

현대건축공간에 나타난 자연광 활용특성 연구

With the pressing energy issues in modern society and the growing interest in renewable energy, natural light as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source has been widely recognized in architecture and spatial design. It is increasingly recognized that natural light in modern architectural spaces is not only a means of illumination, but also an important factor in shaping the space and expressing the architect's design ideas. This paper aims to discuss in depth the importance and characteristics of natural light in contemporary architectural space design, and to interpret the characteristics of natural light in the works of architect I.M. Pei. These findings provide ideas for future architectural design to efficiently utilize natural light to realize modern architectural spatial design. However, this study has the limitation that it mainly studies the natural light characteristics of Ieoh Ming Pei's architecture, and it is necessary to continue the research on natural light characteristics in architecture based on this in the future.

The positive effects of architectural environmental space design on psychological anxiety individuals from the perspective of design psychology

BackgroundAnxiety disorder is a common psychological disorder in modern life, which has had a huge impact on people’s lives. Reasonable architectural environment design can alleviate the anxiety of individuals with psychological anxiety and help alleviate their discomfort.Subjects and Methods500 survey questionnaires on the impact of building environment on residents and GAD-2 questionnaire were selected from a certain city population in June 2021. Among them, there are 275 males and 225 females. The residential questionnaire includes five aspects of residents’ anxiety about residential area, floor height, bedroom layout, residential orientation, and building type. The GAD-2 questionnaire includes residents’ anxiety level. The collected information was statistically analyzed using SPSS3.0 software.ResultsAccording to the correlation analysis results of SPSS software, there is a negative correlation between residential area and anxiety level. There is no correlation between floor height and anxiety level, with a p-value greater than 0.05. There is a correlation between bedroom layout and anxiety level, with a p-value less than 0.05. There is a correlation between residential orientation and anxiety level, with a p-value less than 0.05. There is a correlation between building type and anxiety level, with a p-value less than 0.05. Moreover, the anxiety level of residents in residential areas is lower than that of residents in apartment buildings.ConclusionsReasonable architectural environment design has a positive impact on individuals with psychological anxiety. By introducing reasonable lighting design, spatial layout, and functional zoning, the tension and anxiety of anxious individuals can be reduced.