Usage Of Design Patterns Research Articles

Evaluating the Impact of Design Pattern Usage on Energy Consumption of Applications for Mobile Platform

Abstract Energy efficiency in mobile computing is really an important issue these days. Owing to the popularity and prevalence of Android operating system among the people, a great number of Android smartphone applications have been developed and proliferated by the software developers. While developing these applications, developers have to keep energy consumption factor in mind, as the efficiency of an application is largely affected by it. Thus, designers and programmers endeavour to choose the best designing approaches to develop energy-efficient applications. It is imperative to assist the programmers in choosing appropriate techniques and strategies to manage power consumption. In the present research, we have investigated the effect of Android application design on its energy utilisation. For this purpose, we have practically implemented design patterns on two Android applications and evaluated their energy consumption before and after implementing these patterns. We have modelled the high-level design of these two Android applications by using software design patterns in such a way as to abate their energy requirement. We have also checked how the quality, maintainability, and efficiency of code are affected by these design patterns. The outcomes of the research can facilitate programmers to utilise these details while developing energy efficient solutions.

The design patterns in PHP language for the web documents aggregation model

This paper considers the usage of design patterns in PHP language for the documents set model. The author discusses briefly to design patterns and one of the open web documents aggregation model. Some of new features on PHP and its consequences are also presented. The author states that usage of free, powerful development tools and standard problem solving in a new context gives the flexible and professional software building environment.

Realising the Potential of Design Patterns in Professional Learning

In the field of teaching and learning, education or learning design is currently receiving considerable attention in the literature and in discussions amongst academics and practitioners. Different methods for capturing and sharing designs that incorporate pedagogically sound practices have been researched and promoted, including design patterns. Despite the numerous documented benefits of using design patterns in education, they have failed to become widely established within the teaching and learning community. In this paper the authors discuss the genesis of design patterns in education and outline the action research journey which resulted in the selection of design patterns as their preferred method to document and share effective learning design practice. They also review the barriers to design pattern usage and consider the question of whether design patterns are still relevant in the current discipline of teaching and learning. Finally, they present a way forward for design patterns and their integration into the world of professional learning.

Modeling Design Patterns for Semi-Automatic Reuse in System Design

Design patterns provide reusable solutions for recurring design problems. They constitute an important tool for improving software quality. However, correct usage of design patterns depends to a large extent on the designer. Design patterns often include models that describe the suggested solutions, while other aspects of the patterns are neglected or described informally only in text. Furthermore, design pattern solutions are usually described in an object-oriented fashion that is too close to the implementation, masking the essence of and motivation behind a particular design pattern. We suggest an approach to modeling the different aspects of design patterns and semi-automatically utilizing these models to improve software design. Evaluating our approach on commonly used design patterns and a case study of an automatic application for composing, taking, checking, and grading analysis and design exams, we found that the suggested approach successfully locates the main design problems modeled by the selected design patterns.

Relationship between design patterns defects and crosscutting concern scattering degree: an empirical study

Design patterns are solutions to recurring design problems, aimed at increasing reuse, code quality and, above all, maintainability and resilience to changes. Despite such advantages, the usage of design patterns implies the presence of crosscutting code implementing the pattern usage and access from other system components. When the system evolves, the presence of crosscutting code can cause repeated changes, possibly introducing defects. This study reports an empirical study, in which it is showed that, for three open source projects, the number of defects in design-pattern classes is in several cases correlated with the scattering degree of their induced crosscutting concerns, and also varies among different kinds of patterns.

An approach for reverse engineering of design patterns

For the maintenance of software systems, developers have to completely understand the existing system. The usage of design patterns leads to benefits for new and young developers by enabling them to reuse the knowledge of their experienced colleagues. Design patterns can support a faster and better understanding of software systems. There are different approaches for supporting pattern recognition in existing systems by tools. They are evaluated by the Information Retrieval criteria precision and recall. An automated search based on structures has a highly positive influence on the manual validation of the results by developers. This validation of graphical structures is the most intuitive technique. In this paper a new approach for automated pattern search based on minimal key structures is presented. It is able to detect all patterns described by the GOF [15]. This approach is based on positive and negative search criteria for structures and is prototypically implemented using Rational Rose and Together.

Two controlled experiments assessing the usefulness of design pattern documentation in program maintenance

Using design patterns is claimed to improve programmer productivity and software quality. Such improvements may manifest both at construction time (in faster and better program design) and at maintenance time (in faster and more accurate program comprehension). The paper focuses on the maintenance context and reports on experimental tests of the following question: does it help the maintainer if the design patterns in the program code are documented explicitly (using source code comments) compared to a well-commented program without explicit reference to design patterns? Subjects performed maintenance tasks on two programs ranging from 360 to 560 LOC including comments. The experiments tested whether pattern comment lines (PCL) help during maintenance if patterns are relevant and sufficient program comments are already present. This question is a challenge for the experimental methodology: A setup leading to relevant results is quite difficult to find. We discuss these issues in detail and suggest a general approach to such situations. A conservative analysis of the results supports the hypothesis that pattern-relevant maintenance tasks were completed faster or with fewer errors if redundant design pattern information was provided. The article provides the first controlled experiment results on design pattern usage and it presents a solution approach to an important class of experiment design problems for experiments regarding documentation.

The effects of design pattern application on metric scores

One method suggested for improving software quality has been that of collecting metric scores for a given design, and refactoring in response to what are deemed to be unsatisfactory metric values. More recently, the usage of design patterns has been recommended to promote adaptable designs, so reducing maintenance effort. These two approaches are therefore observed to effectively have the same general aim. The question then arises as to whether design metrics and design patterns are always compatible, and where this is not found to be the case whether the metric, the pattern or both are anomalous. Methods of analysis are presented which demonstrate the effects of applying various patterns on certain metric scores, the initial conclusion being that the two approaches are indeed mainly congruent.