Design Of Standalone Photovoltaic System Research Articles

Optimal design of stand-alone photovoltaic system based on battery storage system: A case study of Borj Cedria in Tunisia

This work deals with the optimal design of a stand-alone photovoltaic system (SAPS) based on the battery storage system and assesses its technical performance by using PVsyst simulation. In fact, this study is carried out to determine the optimal orientation and tilt angle of a solar panel for collecting maximum solar radiation. Borj Cedria is taken as a case study site to perform the optimum tilt angle through PVsyst. PV-GIS is utilized to estimate global solar irradiance. The proposed system can produce 1314 kWh of energy for the load, which is considered technically suitable for this area thanks to a performance ratio of 58.3% and high specific efficiency generation, besides the solar fraction of about 92.5%. From an economic point of view, the SAPS can save more than 44,000 Dt per year by purchasing energy from the grid system, while considering the aspect of sustainability, 66.24 kg of CO2 annually can be avoided by utilizing the sun’s energy. Furthermore, efficient solar panel use requires its characteristics to be identified under various conditions. An original experimental setup is carried out in the LPV Lab to identify PV characteristics. Experimental and simulation results performed under PSIM software are in good agreement, which shows the experimental setup’s effectiveness.

Structure and Circuit Engineering Features of Stand- Alone Photovoltaic System with a Battery-Capacitive Energy Storage Device

The purpose of this research is to analyze the structure and circuit design of stand-alone photovoltaic system with a battery-capacitive energy storage device to ensure voltage stability under peak voltage and a variable nature of the power generated by a solar panel. There is an original active control scheme for a hybrid drive. The peak power of the solar panel was 100 W. The battery part of the energy storage device was represented by a 12 V gel lead-acid battery with a charging capacity of 11 Ah, and the capacitive part consisted of a battery of supercapacitors with an electrostatic capacity of 80 F, an operating voltage of 15.5 V. A rheostat was used as a load during a stationary discharge of the storage device with a resistance of 12 Om, and the pulsed nature of the discharge was simulated using an automobile air compressor. The analysis of circuit design variants that implement the charging process the capacitive part of the energy storage device from a solar panel directly or with a shunt DC/DC converter is performed. Charging and discharging of the battery part was controlled by the ProStar-15 controller. In both cases, charging buffer modes the battery and capacitive parts of the energy storage device were used. The research results have identified ways to increase the stability of the output voltage under peak voltage and the variable nature of electricity generation conditions while increasing the resource of an expensive battery.

Optimal Design of Standalone Photovoltaic System Based on Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization: A Case Study of Malaysia

This paper presents a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) method for optimal sizing of the standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) systems. Loss of load probability (LLP) analysis is considered to determine the technical evaluation of the system. Life cycle cost (LCC) and levelized cost of energy (LCE) are treated as the economic criteria. The two variants of the proposed PSO method, referred to as adaptive weights PSO ( A W P S O c f ) and sigmoid function PSO ( S F P S O c f ) , are implemented using MATLAB software to the optimize the number of PV modules in (series and parallel) and number of the storage battery. The case study of the proposed SAPV system is executed using the hourly meteorological data and typical load demand for one year in a rural area in Malaysia. The performance outcomes of the proposed A W / S F P S O c f methods give various configurations at desired levels of LLP values and the corresponding minimum cost. The performance results showed the superiority of S F P S O c f in terms of accuracy is selecting an optimal configuration at fitness function value 0.031268, LLP value 0.002431, LCC 53167 USD, and LCE 1.6413 USD. The accuracy of A W / S F P S O c f methods is verified by using the iterative method.

Design of Stand-Alone PV System on a Farm House in Bilecik City, Turkey

In this study, the design of the components in the system was carried out in order to meet the energy of a stand-alone farm house in Bilecik city only by a photovoltaic (PV) system. Firstly, the loads to be used in the farm house have been determined and it has been calculated that the average energy consumption of the house is 5.58 kWh per day. It was determined that it would be appropriate to use OPzS batteries in the system in order not to have power outage even if there is no solar radiation for 4 days. Under these conditions, it was estimated that 28 batteries 2 OPzS 100 model and 12 V values would be needed in the system. Since the farm house is thought to be used during the whole year, PV panels are estimated to be located at the tilt angle of 40° on the roof, which is the latitude of the city. It has been calculated that 12 PV panels with Per Light 100 Wp PLM-100P/12 model should be used for the system. It has been proposed to use a central inverter system for the design and it is calculated that the inverter should be at least 6 kW power.

A Simple and Reliable Method of Design for Standalone Photovoltaic Systems

Standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) systems are seen as a promoting method of electrifying areas of developing world that lack power grid infrastructure. Proliferations of these systems require a design procedure that is simple, reliable and exhibit good performance over its life time. The proposed methodology uses simple empirical formulae and easily available parameters to design SAPV systems, that is, array size with energy storage. After arriving at the different array size (area), performance curves are obtained for optimal design of SAPV system with high amount of reliability in terms of autonomy at a specified value of loss of load probability (LOLP). Based on the array to load ratio (ALR) and levelized energy cost (LEC) through life cycle cost (LCC) analysis, it is shown that the proposed methodology gives better performance, requires simple data and is more reliable when compared with conventional design using monthly average daily load and insolation.

Optimal Configuration for Design of Stand-Alone PV System

This paper presents a design for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system to provide the required electricity for a single residential household in rural area in Jordan. The complete design steps for the suggested household loads are carried out. Site radiation data and the electrical load data of a typical household in the considered site are taken into account during the design steps. The reliability of the system is quantified by the loss of load probability. A computer program is developed to simulate the PV system behavior and to numerically find an optimal combination of PV array and battery bank for the design of stand-alone photovoltaic systems in terms of reliability and costs. The program calculates life cycle cost and annualized unit electrical cost. Simulations results showed that a value of loss of load probability LLP can be met by several combinations of PV array and battery storage. The method developed here uniquely determines the optimum configuration that meets the load demand with the minimum cost. The difference between the costs of these combinations is very large. The optimal unit electrical cost of 1 kWh for LLP = 0.049 is $0.293; while for LLP 0.0027 it is $0.402. The results of the study encouraged the use of the PV systems to electrify the remote sites in Jordan.

Loss of power supply probability of stand-alone photovoltaic systems: a closed form solution approach

A closed-form solution approach to the evaluation of the loss of power supply probability of stand-alone photovoltaic system with energy storage is presented. Nontracking and single-axis tracking systems are considered. In both cases, the tilt is assumed to be fixed. A numerical example is included to illustrate the usefulness of the expressions developed. Relationships between the amount of energy storage and the loss of power supply probability under various operating conditions can be investigated using the results. These relationships can be used in the design of stand-alone photovoltaic systems. >

On the Optimum Tilt Angle of a Photovoltaic Array

Abstract The effect of the tilt angle on design aspects and performance characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) array is examined. It is shown that a load dependent seasonal variation of the tilt angle results in a substantial increase in the generated energy, as well as a more economical design of stand-alone PV systems. The proposed algorithms for estimating the optimum tilt angle, under a variety of conditions, are general in their applicability, simple in their implementation and computationally efficient while keeping the input data requirements to a minimum. It is assumed that the array modules are facing true south.

Loss-of-load probability and related parameters in optimum computer-aided design of stand-alone photovoltaic systems

Loss-of-load probability (LOLP) and related parameters are presented as a technique, based on an hour-by-hour approach, for optimum computer-aided design of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems. The minimum, and hence economically optimum, size of a PV system of a specified degree of reliability is determined mathematically as a function of the array orientation. Also, the dependence of unserved energy (as a measure complementary to LOLP) on array tilt angle and/or orientation for a given PV system is determined. The technique is applied in the design of a stand-alone PV system in a remote and isolated village in northern Greece. For a given array orientation, the optimum array tilt angle (which minimizes the size of the PV system) is independent of the chosen values of LOLP. The unserved energy increases linearly with array area for a given battery capacity, decreases with increasing battery capacity and array off-south orientation, and increases with increasing values of LOLP. The minimum values of unserved energy for a given battery capacity and a given orientation correspond to the optimum array tilt angle. The dependence on LOLP of the total life-cycle cost (TLC) of a PV system having the optimum size for the desired degree of reliability, for a range of LOLP values comparable to the range of reliability levels of traditional systems, is rather weak. The TLC of an optimum system increases with array off-south orientation, particularly for angles greater than ±30°.