Design Of Slot Antenna Research Articles

A novel slotted antenna design for future Terahertz applications

A slotted patch antenna operating at 118 GHz is proposed to address challenges in the terahertz (THz) frequency band for wireless communication systems. The antenna design, utilizing a Rogers RO3003 substrate, which has a dielectric constant of 3 and tan 0.001, strategically incorporates slots to enhance key performance parameters. Copper is employed for the ground and radiating patch, and a microstrip feeding method powers the antenna. High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software is used for design and simulation, revealing resonance at 0.118 THz with a reflection coefficient of -42.41 dB and an impedance bandwidth of 4.42 GHz (115.84–120.26 GHz). At the operating frequency, the antenna exhibits a gain of 7.36 dB, maximum directivity of 7.38 dB, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.01, and 99.75% radiation efficiency, all within a compact size of 1.5×1.3×0.1 mm³. The suggested antenna outperforms recent counterparts, making it suitable for applications like security screening and wireless communication systems (5G). Future efforts will target bandwidth expansion, gain enhancement, and further size reduction to enhance overall performance.

Energy Harvesting Fractal Antenna for Charging Low Power Devices

Radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) is a prospective technique that uses electromagnetic waves which waste in the air to create energy. This cutting-edge technology offers the ability to wirelessly charge battery-free gadgets, making it a potential alternative energy source for use in the future. Fractal antenna systems are a type of antenna that is characterized by their self-similarity and ability to operate over a wide range of frequencies. The proposed design combined two popular fractal shapes in one design. This one design combines the advantages of the other two designs. This research presents a novel multi-band fractal slot antenna design and optimization method for RFEH systems. The fractal antenna designs that were simulated using the CAD design suite, as well as the final design and performance that captured multiple bands are described. The rectifying and matching networks are next evaluated, and the ADS (Advanced Construct System) software is used to construct and simulate each circuit. Additionally, the voltage regulator, energy storage, and application are addressed along with the required voltage to completely function a wireless sensor node, which may be utilized in many applications including wearable technology and intelligent traffic systems (ITS) that control roads to improve environmental quality. Finally, experimental results demonstrated good agreement with simulations that had a high radiation efficiency and gain.

Multiband SINC-slotted Patch Antenna for 5G Applications

In this work, we presented the design, analysis and optimization of the multiband slotted antennas based on SINC function for 5G applications. The proposed antennas are designed and modelled by CST Studio Suite software. A parametric study is performed to determine sinc function parameters that control the performance of the proposed antenna. The parametric study is implemented by varying the amplitude of the sinc function, the frequency, the location of the slot along Y-axis, the slot width and the slot window (number of cycles). The simulated results showed that the designed slotted antennas in this paper exhibits multiband operation and they offer the feasibility of controlling and adjusting the resonant frequency by changing the sinc function parameters. The proposed antennas have various resonant frequencies at around 1.5 GHz, 2.65 GHz, 5 GHz and 5.8 GHz covering the 5G sub-6 GHz band. Extensive simulation process were carried out to determine the optimum antenna performance and three antennas were selected based on the reflection characteristics and number of operation frequency bands. Finally, the three selected antennas were manufactured and their performance were measured in the lab for validation. Experimental results showed that an excellent agreement between the measured and simulated results was achieved.

An eye bolt shape slotted microstrip patch antenna design and return loss prediction using machine learning

An eye bolt shape slotted microstrip patch antenna design and return loss prediction using machine learning

Design of compact slot antenna and octagonal blended shape antenna

ABSTRACT In this paper, two new compact halved-size single and UWB antennas are proposed for WiFi and UWB applications. The single-band compact halved size slot antenna is proposed for WiFi applications at 2.4 GHz. The resonant frequency of the conventional slot antenna can be reduced by cutting the antenna into two halves and without using any lumped elements inside the slot. Moreover, the impedance and radiation characteristics of the proposed halved-size antenna are suitable for WiFi applications at 2.4 GHz. The proposed WiFi antenna has a miniaturised size of 25 × 16.5 × 0.813 mm3. Then, an octagonal blended-shape antenna (OBSA) for UWB applications is proposed. The UWB band from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz is encompassed by the halved-size OBSA using the same cutting concept. Furthermore, a grounded L-stub is added on the top side to improve the reflection coefficients. The proposed OBSA has a compact size of 28 × 13 × 0.813 mm3 with stable omnidirectional radiation patterns. Simulation and measured results are in good agreement.

Design and analysis of multiband reconfigurable slot antenna for S, C, and X-band applications

Design and analysis of multiband reconfigurable slot antenna for S, C, and X-band applications

High gain narrow wall standing wave slotted waveguide antenna with flanges

ABSTRACT In this study, narrow (edge) wall standing wave slotted waveguide antenna design is proposed. This antenna operates at 2.812 GHz in S frequency band. Also, the design equations and slot characterization method are given in this study. This antenna is designed with two flanges to shape the elevation pattern and to increase the antenna gain. This antenna provides low cross polarization without using any polarizer or any other structure. The designed antenna is suitable for high gain and high-power applications. The performance of the proposed design is examined with simulations and verified with measurements.

Design of ultra wideband circular slot antenna for emergency communication applications

In this article, a compact ultra wideband circular slot antenna (CSA) is proposed for emergency communication applications. The circular shaped radiating structure is constructed on the top of the substrate. Double stub matching with microstrip feeding techniques is used for impedance matching. The slot loading technique is used to enhance the bandwidth of the antenna. The flexible RT/duroid 5880 dielectric material with permittivity of 2.2 is used for fabricating the proposed antenna. The performance analysis of the antenna has been carried out by using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The measurement results show that the proposed circular slot antenna achieves a wider bandwidth of 4.65 GHz and maximum gain of 12 dB. The proposed antenna yields Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of 1.3 W/kg which is suitable for wearable applications.

Characteristic modes of a slot antenna design based on defected ground structure for 5G applications

This study employs characteristic mode analysis to investigate a defected ground antenna for multiband applications. The antenna structure incorporates three U-shaped slots in the ground plane, forming a defected ground structure. The microstrip line is exclusively present on the front side plane. The antenna is printed on a substrate made of a ceramic-filled PTFE composite with a size of 20 mm × 21 mm × 0.76 mm and a dielectric constant of 3. The proposed antenna is analyzed using the characteristic mode analysis based on the method of moment and simulated by an electromagnetic simulator based on the finite element method. A multiband antenna is fabricated and tested to validate the proposed antenna performance. The simulation and measurement results reveal that the antenna exhibits good input impedance bandwidths of S11 ≤ − 10 dB that extend from 2 to 12 GHz with three bands around the operating frequencies (2.96, 6.06, and 8.03) GHz.

An eye bolt shape slotted microstrip patch antenna design utilizing a substrate-integrated waveguide for 5G systems

Antenna design is usually done on FR4 substrates, since they have a dielectric constant of 4.4, and a loss tangent of 0.02. The proposed microstrip patch antenna operates at 28 GHz and incorporates substrate-integrated waveguides (SIW) in a 0.8 mm thick FR4 substrate into the design to increase bandwidth performance so that the 5G network can function reliably. In comparison with conventional patch antennas, substrate-integrated waveguides bear the advantage of being able to shift to a frequency of 29 GHz, therefore resulting in a more effective antenna. A slot of eyebolt shape has been added to the patch to increase antenna gain. The design was simulated with HFSS software, and it was able to attain a maximum bandwidth of 8 GHz (28%), a gain of 5.5 dB, and a minimal return loss of −38 dB. The VSWR of this antenna is 1.02, which indicates good impedance matching, and a high efficiency of 87% has been achieved as a result. This is a low-profile antenna that combines enhanced bandwidth with the ability to be mounted at the edge of a device, making it an ideal choice for the use of 5G technology to enable machine-to-machine communication.

Hammer-shaped slotted antenna design and analysis for wireless applications

The method for creating a two-element multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) ultra-wideband hammer antenna is presented in this paper. It has been suggested to investigate characteristics of this ultra-wideband antenna design. Split-ring resonators (SRR), made of metamaterial, have enhanced performance of antenna in terms of multiplexing effectiveness, S parameters, radiation characteristics, envelope correlation coefficient, and diversity gain. Reduced weight and size of this antenna technology make it easier to integrate into a 5G and linked object receiver. Because the outputs from the previous designer to the target entity did not satisfy the standards, we thoroughly researched design attributes and made parametric changes to the design to reach the precise outcomes.

A Slotted Patch Antenna Design and Analysis for Detecting Breast Cancer

Breast cancer, a common and deadly cancer for woman, is gradually increasing each year. It can be cured at early stages. Magnetic resonance imaging, Mammography, Tomography, Ultrasound, and Biopsy are some of the medical technologies that can be used to identify breast cancer. However, none of them are as simple and effective as a microwave imaging (MI) technique. MI is a non-ionizing, noninvasive, tumor-sensitive, low-cost approach that consumes low power. The performance of MI is primarily determined by the antenna employed in the system. In this paper, we propose a new partial ground plane and slots-based miniature patch antenna designed for breast tumor detection within the FCC’s authorized range (3.1 GHz–10.6 GHz). The dimension of this antenna is 30 × 20 mm2. High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software is used to design a breast phantom with and without a tumor, and the antenna is separately simulated on both the tumored and tumor-free breast phantoms. The presence of a tumor within the breast is clearly depicted by the changes in return loss, VSWR, current density, electric field, and magnetic field strengths. The findings demonstrate that the proposed antenna is a suitable sensor which can detect a very tiny size tumor (2 mm) due to its compact size and broad bandwidth.

Hybrid βΩ-Indexing Fractal Slotted Multiband Antenna for Electronics Wireless Sensor Applications

In this proposed work a compact, low profile, inset-fed βΩ-space-filling curve-based slotted fractal antenna for multi-band wireless applications and narrow band operations is designed, fabricated, and successfully tested. The measured results of the reflection coefficient and E-plane and H-plane gain radiation patterns are found to be very concord with simulated corresponding results. The antenna resonates at five resonance frequencies 1.91GHz (1.86-1.93GHz), 3.12GHz (3.03-3.21GHz), 5.56GHz (5.50-5.60GHz), 10.75GHz (10.55-11.20GHz) and 13.94GHz (13.72-14.17GHz) with narrow band. Therefore the proposed antenna is adopted for the applications like PCS-1900 (n2 band: 1850-1910MHz), rail mobile radio (1900-1910MHz), DCS-IMT gap (n98/n39 band: 1880-1920MHz), WCDMA (1900MHz), X-band (10.55-11.20GHz) and Ku-band (13.72-14.17GHz) applications. The antenna parameters gain, directivity, and efficiency are greatly improved by the 50% reduction in ground length. A Good impedance matching is achieved by the use of inset feeding with a 50Ω port at an operating frequency 3.1GHz. The antenna exhibits 2.94dBi gain at the operating frequency. A new hybrid βΩ- space-filling curve has been utilized for the slotted fractal proposed antenna design. The antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with compact dimensions (39.05mm x 32.25mm x 1.6mm) at a frequency 3.1GHz.

A Broadband Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Radial Line Slot Antenna

This article presents a circularly polarized corporate-fed radial-line slot antenna (CF-RLSA) operating in Ka-band and realized in low-cost, low-profile printed circuit board (PCB) technology. The radiating aperture is fed by a corporate feed network based on a broadband pillbox-like circular transition. The proposed feeding system results in a 67% gain bandwidth improvement compared to classical center-fed radial line slot antenna (RLSA) designs. Pattern stability versus frequency is also achieved. The bandwidth improvement provided by the corporate-feed topology is analytically derived for the general case of circular apertures with uniform amplitude illumination. This predicted improvement is confirmed by measurements. The prototype is optimized using a dedicated numerical tool, then fabricated and characterized. A good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured gain bandwidths, with a demonstrated relative bandwidth of 6.9% at 29 GHz for a maximum gain of 35.5 dBi and a 260 mm diameter for the radiating aperture.

Multi resonant slot antenna design to radiate fan‐shaped multi‐beam radiation pattern with the use of two‐dimensional perforated Luneburg lens

Multi resonant slot antenna design to radiate fan‐shaped multi‐beam radiation pattern with the use of two‐dimensional perforated Luneburg lens

Design of compact rectangular SIW-based cavity-backed slot antennas for WiMAX communication in Asia–Pacific regions

Design of compact rectangular SIW-based cavity-backed slot antennas for WiMAX communication in Asia–Pacific regions

Q Factor Enhancement of Open 2D Resonators by Optimal Placement of a Thin Metallic Rod in Front of the Longitudinal Slot

A rigorous approach was employed for the accurate evaluation of the electromagnetic interaction between a thin metallic rod and a two-dimensional (2D) slotted cavity. The problem was posed as a classical boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation in which a 2D slotted open cavity is bounded by an arbitrary but otherwise smooth contour with a longitudinal slit. Using the method of analytical regularization, the problem was transformed to well-conditioned coupled infinite systems of linear algebraic equations for the Fourier coefficients in the expansions of induced surface currents on the rod and slotted cavity. When truncated to finite size, their solutions exhibit fast convergence to the exact solution as the order is increased. This feature makes it possible to investigate the spectral and scattering characteristics of the coupled cavity and rod to within any desired accuracy. In this paper, the complex eigenvalues for a slotted cavity in the presence of a thin rod and the dependence upon their relative location were investigated, particularly to find where there is significant or optimal enhancement of the Q factor. Such optimisation may be exploited in the design of advanced slot antennas and slotted waveguides.

Design of an Air-Filled Slot Antenna and Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications

This communication introduces a new structure of wideband slot antenna with high gain and stable radiation patterns for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications. It is the first attempt to apply an air-filled I-shape slot excited by a substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) feed. The slot can achieve lower <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -factor contributing to a wider bandwidth. In addition, the feature of even electric field distributions across the operating bandwidth produces very stable gain performance for the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna is realized using a single-layered PCB substrate with plated-through-hole technology, which is cost effective and easy to fabricate. In addition, a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna array based on the proposed antenna element is developed with a planar 1–8 SIW feeding network. The measurement results show that the proposed array can achieve an impedance bandwidth of 36.6% from 58 to 84 GHz with a peak gain of 16 dBi. These performances ensure that the proposed antenna array is a promising candidate for mmW communications.

Slotted waveguide antenna design for maritime radar system

Slotted waveguide antenna design for maritime radar system

Design and Implementation of Multi-Band Fractal Slot Antennas for Energy Harvesting Applications

This paper introduces a design and optimization procedure of multiband fractal slot antennas for RF energy harvesting applications. The antennas were simulated using CST Studio Suite. A parametric study is conducted to determine the critical structural parameters that influence the antenna performance. The parametric study included varying the size ratio of the structure, the shape of the ground plane and the length of the feeding inset. Simulation results showed that the proposed antennas in this work exhibit multiband performance and they offer the possibility of controlling the resonant frequency at any specific frequency band. The optimized antenna has seven resonant frequencies at 1.8 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.45 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4 GHz, 4.6 GHz and 5.3 GHz covering several ambient communication networks (GSM, UMTS and 5G), Bluetooth and WLAN systems. Simulation results shows that Antenna 1 has achieved a gain of more than 4.5 dBi at all the resonant frequencies with a radiation efficiency ranged between 87%–95%; whereas Antenna 2 has achieved more than 3 dBi gain at lower frequencies while reaching around 7 dBi at higher frequencies with a radiation efficiency ranged between 80%–97%. Finally, two fractal slot antennas were fabricated and tested in the lab to validate the simulation results and to proof the concept of the feasibility of this type of antennas for this application. Experimental results showed a good agreement with simulations.