Product Design Research Articles

AI-Assisted 3D Modeling Strategy for Microstructure-Based Functional Surfaces Using ChatGPT and Random Forest

With the development of computer programming, product design is being carried out through computer programming such as 3D CAD/CAM when developing products, and the cost of developing new products can be greatly reduced by using 3D modeling tools in which various engineering theories are programmed. With the recent rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), various AI applications have been actively proposed in various fields. In this study, we report a ChatGPT-based 3D modeling program (CMP) which can easily design microstructures, and the theory of wettability that was programmed into the CMP. Since the theory related to wettability is programmed into the CMP, once the user enters basic information about the desired functional surface, such as superhydrophobic surfaces, at the CMP prompt, 3D structures with the performance of superhydrophobicity are immediately provided. Through microstructure fabrication techniques, the microstructure designed by the CMP was actually fabricated, wettability experiments were conducted, and it was confirmed that a superhydrophobic surface was successfully designed. As such, the AI-based CMP can easily design microstructure-based functional surfaces, and we expect this method not only to decrease the fabrication costs of designing micro/nano structures but also to be useful in various fields.

2053 innovative product design does not exist

The short essay considers the development of design over the past 30 years and what that means for the future, using ai as a means of discussion, will professional design exist in 2053?

Analisis dan Rancangan di PT Honda

This article describes the analysis and development strategy at PT Astra Honda Motor, one of the leaders of the Indonesian two-wheel industry. This article uses SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces model to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the company. PT Astra Honda Motor is known for its product quality and strong brand image, but faces challenges from competitors such as Yamaha. Strategic design includes product differentiation, design innovation, and price adjustments to maintain market share.

Artificial Intelligence in the Sustainable Design and Manufacturing of Products in Civil Engineering in the Context of Industry 4.0

The implementation of smart technologies as well as artificial intelligence resulted in an increase in productivity and efficiency in production, optimization of costs, and automation of time-consuming processes. The situation is similar in the field of the production of construction products. Digitization and automation are challenges within Industry 4.0 (Construction 4.0), which are the subject and interest of several studies and discussions by experts in the field. The aim of the research is to analyze the relationships between digitization in the industry, artificial intelligence, and performance in the design, production, and use of construction products in the context of Industry 4.0 principles. The research uses primary and secondary data on the use of AI and its potential and impacts in the field of performance and efficiency in design, production, and use in civil engineering. Several statistical tools are used in the analysis, from descriptive statistics to the use of statistical tests and correlation and regression analysis. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was the primary tool for evaluating the dependence between variables. The research results point to the connection and dependence between the use of AI and digitization in individual design and production activities. Autonomous production machines, the production of ore products, and generative design represent areas of production in the construction industry, where the use of AI and digitization makes sense from the point of view of the performance of the results. Innovations and intelligent tools within the concept of Industry 4.0 (Construction 4.0) are, therefore, a prerequisite for an effective setting of design and production in this industry as well.

INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF TOPOLOGICALLY OPTIMIZED PRODUCTS FROM PHOTOPOLYMER RESINS ON THE ANISOTROPY OF THEIR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

This article discusses the problem of ensuring strength and minimum mass in the design of products manufactured using additive technologies. The authors investigated the possibility of using topological optimization in computer-aided design systems to create an optimized model with the necessary strength at a minimum weight. As part of the work, the topological optimization of the bracket, the production of its samples by additive manufacturing methods and strength tests were carried out. The optimal values were found via finite element analysis using the SolidWorks and ANSYS software. The calculation results show that the optimized model retains about 20% of the original mass and has the necessary mechanical characteristics. In particular, the excess safety margin is reduced by 2.5 times, which is acceptable for this bracket. The subsequent verification of the models is carried out through destruction tests of the products manufactured using additive technologies, i.e. the method of filament deposition and stereolithography. To account for the anisotropy of the material, a series of samples oriented at different angles to the direction of construction was made. The tests were carried out on a test bench for simultaneous biaxial stretching, which corresponds to the design loads on the bracket. An increase in the tensile load on the sample was carried out before its destruction. In the course of the work, the presence of anisotropy of mechanical properties was revealed, and optimization results in various software packages were studied. The results of strength tests allow us to draw two conclusions. Firstly, due to the anisotropy of the material, the strength properties significantly depend on the orientation of the bracket during additive manufacturing. Secondly, the bracket, optimized by means of the SolidWorks software package, generally showed the best strength properties for various orientations during manufacturing. Also, which is quite expected, the samples obtained by stereolithography showed less anisotropy than the samples obtained by the method of filament deposition. In conclusion, it is noted that the use of additive technologies to create optimized forms requires considering printing technologies and anisotropy of properties, as well as the choice of appropriate software.

Factors influencing Generation Z's intention to purchase sustainable clothing products in Vietnam.

The increasing awareness of environmental challenges has significantly influenced consumer behavior, with sustainable products, particularly sustainable clothing, becoming a top priority for Generation Z consumers. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing Generation Z's purchase intentions toward sustainable clothing in Vietnam, guided by the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) frameworks. Specifically, it examines the effects of green perceived value, green perceived quality, perceived price, social influence, product design, environmental concern, and environmental knowledge on purchase intentions. The study also explores the mediating roles of environmental attitude and product attitude in these relationships. The research employed a quantitative approach, using a Likert scale questionnaire to gather data from 641 Vietnamese Generation Z consumers. The study utilized exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data. The results revealed that all proposed hypotheses were supported, indicating that all factors significantly impact environmental attitude and product attitude, which, in turn, influence purchase intention. The results emphasize the strong mediating role of environmental attitude and product attitude, suggesting that consumers with positive attitudes toward the environment and products are more likely to intend to purchase sustainable clothing. This research provides valuable insights into the psychological and contextual factors that influence Generation Z's sustainable consumption behavior. For marketers, these findings underscore the need to promote transparency in sustainable practices, emphasize high product quality and appealing designs, and engage this demographic through community involvement and authentic sustainability efforts.

A user-centered approach in complex engineering design environments

In complex engineering design environments, the demand for high quality products and high functionality are critical, the end-user requirements have to be integrated into the design process since the earliest design stages. In such contexts, strict design requirements related to quality, safety, and usability must be taken into account concurrently. To this aim, in this work, an integrated user-centered decision-based design method is proposed in the medical design environment context. This work is aimed at proposing a design method to be applied to complex design environments. The proposed case study is the design of an intercom device, aimed at improving patient-doctor communication in the case of bedridden patients on with helmet for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy during SARS- CoV2 pandemic emergency. Patients undergoing helmet-assisted ventilation are often immersed in a highly noisy environment, unable to fully communicate their needs to the doctors. A three-steps decision based integrated product design and process simulation are used in the early design stages, to gain optimal product designs in a user-centered design viewpoint, for novel industrial products. The first step, modular design, is aimed at defining relations between the components of the assembly in a user centered approach. Design alternatives are generated in a Design for Manufacturing and Assembly DFMA viewpoint. In the second step, the group decision making step, in a multiple criteria context, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied together with the fuzzy set theory, to overcome uncertainties in the verbal judgments of the decision makers. The third step is related to the simulation of the assembly and manufacturing process, with the aim of defining a final optimal design. The proposed group multicriteria decision making based design method proved to be efficient in complex user centered engineering design contexts.

Effects of Turbulence Modeling on the Simulation of Wind Flow over Typical Complex Terrains

The correct prediction of the wind speed and turbulence levels over complex terrain is essential for accurately assessing wind turbine wake recovery, power production, safety, and wind farm design. In this paper, two modified RANS turbulence models are proposed, which are innovative variants of the conventional SST k-ω model and the linear Reynolds stress model (RSM) featuring optimized closure constants. Then, these two modified models and their origin models are applied to compare and analyze wind flows from a 3D hill wind tunnel experiment and two field measurements over typical complex terrain, including Askervein hill and Bolund island, with the aim of analyzing the sensitivity of wind flows to different RANS turbulence models. The study focuses on analyzing the effects of different turbulence models on the self-sustainability of wind speed and turbulent kinetic energy upstream of the computational domain and on the accuracy of wind flow prediction over complex terrain. The results show that our modified RSM model shows better agreement with the available experimental data on the upstream and leeward sides of all simulated hills. The wind speed on the leeward slope is particularly sensitive to the turbulence model, with a maximum difference in the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) that can reach 11% among the four models. The accuracy of the turbulent kinetic energy depends on the self-sustainability of the upstream turbulent kinetic energy and the predictive ability of the turbulence model for separated flows, and the maximum difference in the RRMSE of the four models can reach 47%. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the tested models are discussed to provide guidance for model selection during wind flow simulations in complex terrain.

Furniture Design Concept For the Era of New Norm

The main goal of this study is to initiate and present the concept of furniture design that is in line with the new norms of lifestyle in society due to the global pandemic of COVID-19. This study involves the design works of 10 students from the Product Design Department, School of the Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia, through the Furniture Design 2 course. Each student is required to produce a furniture design that includes research activities, sketching the initial idea and development of the design, and producing a scale model. The designs were later evaluated qualitatively with an interpretive-descriptive approach that describes the design concept and its solutions to the current issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the results show that all designs meet the conceptual feature and can be produced to be used in the era of new norms based on Standards of Procedure (SOP) outlined by the government.

Closed-loop supply chain decision making considering product design strategy under patent protection

This paper combines product design and patent protection and construct a dynamic decision-making model consisting of a single original manufacturer and a single remanufacturer based on Stackelberg game. We study the impact of different product design strategies on remanufacturing decisions in the presence of patent protection and explore the influencing factors of the original manufacturer's product design level. The results show that: (1) the original manufacturer’s product design level is negatively correlated with the coefficient of R&D cost impact and the coefficient of remanufacturing cost, and positively correlated with the coefficient of consumer utility impact; (2) the unit patent licensing fee is positively correlated with the coefficient of R&D cost impact and negatively correlated with the coefficient of remanufacturing cost and the coefficient of consumer utility impact; (3) under different product design strategies, product design strategies that consider both eco-orientation and remanufacturing-orientation are most conducive to the stable development of the closed-loop supply chain.

Envisioning the incorporation of Generative Artificial Intelligence into future product design education: Insights from practitioners, educators, and students

The advancement of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has introduced diverse opportunities and challenges in product design, demanding a corresponding evolution in design education. This study investigated GenAI’s roles in product design and its implications for design education through semi-structured interviews with 24 participants, comprising practitioners, educators, and students, who had hands-on experience leveraging GenAI in design. Through thematic analysis, we identified critical functions of GenAI in product design, including generating inspiration, exploring potential solutions, conducting prototyping, performing evaluations, finalizing detailed outputs, and serving as design materials, presenting both opportunities and challenges. Moreover, fully incorporating GenAI in product design requires adaptation in educational initiatives, including capability development, curriculum content, and assessment methods. This study provides insights from a multi-stakeholder perspective, revealing the roles of GenAI in product design and advancing educational curricula to prepare the next-generation designers to be proficient in effectively leveraging GenAI for innovation.

Calligraphy Art in Contemporary Packaging Design

Traditional culture plays a vital role in packaging design. This article explores how to incorporate the elements of small seal characters into the packaging design of stationery products to show its unique cultural heritage and artistic charm. Based on the importance of traditional culture and the cultural value of stationery brands, this article analyzes the artistic interpretation of small seal characters and their historical application in packaging design to explore the cultural connotations of existing stationery packaging design. By analyzing the problems existing in the packaging design of stationery products and finding solutions to the problems, this article explores how to combine the small seal characters with modernization in the packaging of stationery products through innovative design techniques, and finally completes the practice of stationery packaging design that meets the aesthetic needs of young people. It is hoped that this example will be used to try to achieve the purpose of enhancing the market competitiveness, economic value and aesthetic value of stationery products.

An Integrated Modeling Framework for Automated Product Design, Topology Optimization, and Mechanical Simulation

The present study introduces an integrated software approach that provides an automated product design toolkit for customized products like knives, incorporating topology optimization (TO) and numerical simulations in order to streamline engineering workflows during the product development procedure. The modeling framework combines state-of-the-art technologies into a single platform, enabling the design and the optimization of mechanical structures with minimal human intervention. In particular, the proposed solution leverages artificial intelligence (AI), shape optimization methods, and computational tools in order to iteratively optimize material utilization as well as the design of products based on certain criteria. By embedding simulation within the design optimization loop, the developed software module ensures that performance constraints are respected throughout the design process. The case studies are concentrated in designing knives, demonstrating the platform’s ability to reduce design time, enhance product performance and provide rapid iterations of structurally optimized geometries. Finally, it should be noted that this research showcases the potential of integrated modeling technologies towards the transformation of traditional design paradigms, in this way contributing to faster, more reliable and efficient product development in various engineering industries through the training and deployment of AI models in these scientific fields.

COLOR VISUALIZATION OF 3D-MODELS FOR ENHANCED PREPARATION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

The main aspects of color visualization of triangulated models of industrial products are presented. The implementation of visualization capabilities is based on RGB and HSV color models. The structure and key features of the software implementation of color visualization and the export of the displayed image in PLY, and AMF formats are discussed. Methods for transformations between RGB and HSV color models are described, as well as an algorithm for coloring the triangular faces of the model based on specified color ranges. The developed algorithms allow for a sufficiently informative representation of the desired areas of the product's surfaces by significantly altering one color component while minimally changing the other two. This is achieved by directing the assignment of functional dependencies and value ranges for each component of the color model. Examples of various methods for color shading of vertices and/or edges and/or faces of the model are provided. The visualization subsystem enables the analysis of the geometric characteristics of the polygonal model during the preparation phase of additive manufacturing processes. Significant advantages of these approaches to color visualization are evident when adapting the product design to technological requirements (design preparation) and when solving optimization tasks in technological preparation. The developed software is integrated into the technological preparation system for manufacturing enterprises in the machine engineering sector. This research was developed at the Department of "Integrated Technologies of Mechanical Engineering" named after M. Semko of NTU "KhPI".

A Pathologist's Guide to Non-clinical Safety Assessment of Adoptive Cell Therapy Products.

Through two decades of research and development, adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have revolutionized treatment for hematologic malignancies. Many of the seven US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved products are proven to be a curative last line of defense against said malignancies. The ACTs, known more commonly as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, utilize engineered lymphocytes to target and destroy cancer cells in a patient-specific, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, acting as "living drugs" that adapt to and surveil the body post-treatment. Despite their efficacy, CAR T-cell therapies present unique challenges in preclinical safety assessment. The safety and pharmacokinetics of CAR T-cells are influenced by numerous factors including donor and recipient characteristics, product design, and manufacturing processes that are not well-predicted by existing in vitro and in vivo preclinical safety models. The CAR therapy-mediated toxicities in clinical settings primarily arise from unintended targeting of non-tumor cells, potential tumorigenicity, and severe immune activation syndromes like cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity. Addressing these issues necessitates a deep understanding of CAR target expression in normal tissues, inclusive of the spatial microanatomical distribution, off-target screening, and a deep understanding CAR cell manufacturing practices and immunopathology.

High-Performance Silicone Sponge Evaporators with Low Thermal Conductivity for Long-Term Solar Interfacial Evaporation and Freshwater Harvesting.

Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) has emerged as a highly promising approach for sustainable freshwater harvesting. However, maintaining a stable evaporation rate and achieving a high freshwater yield in high-salinity brines remain a significant challenge. In this study, we present the development of silicone sponge-based evaporators with a "free-salt" structure, designed to enhance the efficiency of SIE and freshwater collection. These evaporators, designated as PSS@Fe3O4/CNTs, were fabricated by grafting durable silicone onto a silicone sponge framework, followed by the incorporation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. The unique combination of exceptional photothermal properties and a controlled yolk-shell structure with low thermal conductivity enabled the PSS@Fe3O4/CNT evaporators to sustain a stable evaporation rate of 1.87 kg m-2 h-1 in real seawater over 200 h of continuous operation under 1 sun illumination. Importantly, no salt accumulation was observed on the evaporator surfaces, even when exposed to highly concentrated brines. In a closed system equipped with a condenser, these evaporators achieved freshwater production rates of 14.5 and 11.8 kg m-2 over 10 h from 10 and 20 wt % NaCl solutions, respectively, under 1 sun illumination. These values correspond to normalized production rates of 1.45 and 1.18 kg m-2 h-1, showcasing the consistent and efficient performance of the evaporators across varying salinity levels. Beyond salt rejection, the PSS@Fe3O4/CNT evaporators also demonstrated the ability to effectively remove various heavy metal ions (e.g., Cu2+ and Zn2+) and organic pollutants from contaminated water. This work provides valuable insights into innovative evaporator designs for efficient freshwater production from seawater and wastewater.

The form of AI-driven luxury: how generative AI (GAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming the creative process

ABSTRACT This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the extent to which generative AI (GAI) tools and Large Language Models (LLMs) can design new creative and meaningful products in the luxury industry. To this end, the research involves three qualitative studies to understand the cognitive and emotional response towards the creative outcome. Results reveal that consumers perceived that the GAI-designed luxury products reflect and reinforce the essence and symbolic values of the brands, and that their perception is influenced by knowledge of GAI authorship of the product. Finally, our findings open new possible scenarios based on the high/low GAI creativity employment for product design vs. high/low quality of manufacturing and materials on product/brand essence (namely product/brand essence matrix).

EXPRESS: How stable are taste-shape crossmodal correspondences over time?

The present research investigates the stability of taste-shape crossmodal correspondences (that is, how people non-randomly associate tastes and visual shapes, such as sweetness matched to roundness) over time, exploring the temporal dimension of crossmodal interactions. While previous research has established the existence of various taste-shape crossmodal correspondences, this study addresses their consistency over time through a test-retest paradigm. Drawing parallels with the concept of synesthesia, in which stability is used as a criterion, the research focuses on taste-shape associations, a domain not previously explored for temporal stability. Participants rated the perceived curvature and symmetry that they associated with taste words (sweet, umami, sour, salty, and bitter) and their liking of tastes and shapes. The same participants performed this task three times over a two-week period. The results consistently replicated previous findings, revealing that sweet tastes were perceived as significantly more curved and symmetrical than other tastes, and umami was rated as more curved and symmetrical than sour, salty, and bitter tastes. Notably, the study found moderate-to-substantial test-retest reliability for the majority of the taste-shape correspondences, indicating robust stability over time. Analyses suggested that differences in assessments between test and retest sessions were primarily due to random error, with no systematic biases. However, a small subset of participants showed significant differences from other participants in their associations, particularly for umami-related correspondences. This research contributes to our understanding of taste-shape correspondences by demonstrating their temporal stability, offering insights into the dynamics of taste, curvature, symmetry, and liking. We posit that consistency might be used as a criterion supporting the existence of a given crossmodal correspondence. The findings have implications for product design and marketing, emphasizing the importance of considering temporal aspects when capitalizing on crossmodal correspondences in creating product expectations and experiences.

An Evolutionary Modular Product Development Under Circular Economy Approach

The incorporation of new technologies and materials, as well as the rapid evolution of products, makes it necessary to guide the product design and development process from bio-inspired perspectives that promote a circular economy. Among the proposals based on a bio-inspired solution is the framework called the Genomic Model of Eco-innovation and Eco-design, which integrates the Cradle-to-Cradle paradigm, material and substance flow analysis, along with all aspects present in the life cycle analysis of products. In this work, innovation is carried out through the integration of genetic algorithms as a methodological tool for optimizing the modular product design in the definition of the genotype within the aforementioned framework. Through a systematic approach, it analyzes how the modular reconfiguration of products, based on circular design principles and genetic optimization, can contribute to a significant reduction in resource use and waste generation. The proposed methodology is applied to a practical case based on the redesign of a small household appliance, demonstrating its potential to facilitate the implementation of circular economy strategies in the early stages of the product design and development process for studying product modularity, with the aims of improving its design and reducing its impact.

Developing A Risk Control System for Fintech Products Using Big Data and Real-Time Analysis Technology

Big data technology has revolutionized the financial sector, significantly impacting the design and operation of future financial products. This paper explores the use of big data technology in risk control in financial products, examining its potential benefits and challenges in product design. By briefly introducing the operation logic of big data, this paper analyzes the application of big data in financial products for risk control and the challenges it faces. The study reveals that big data technology enhances the efficiency of financial technology companies in internal management and decision-making, while significantly reducing systemic risk in their financial product design. Big data technology has exacerbated the conflict between traditional financial institutions and fintech companies, as well as the interest conflict between fintech companies, users, and regulatory authorities. Therefore, Big data financial products not only need to improve their information processing methods and information analysis methods internally, but also need to deal with the conflicts between their users, issuers, and financial regulatory authorities and with the traditional financial sector.