Design Of Multi-storey Buildings Research Articles

Analysis and Design of Multi-storey Building using ETabs

The construction of multi-storey buildings is on the rise due to the growing population and rapid development. This is primarily driven by the scarcity of land with higher demand and lower prices compared to individual houses. To ensure safety, cost-effectiveness, and adherence to standards, it is essential to analyze and design these buildings using advanced software such as ETabs. The analysis of a G+10 Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) framed structure in this project involves the consideration and application of live loads, dead loads, seismic loads, and wind loads. The objective is to analyse the structural behaviour and ensure compliance with various design codes and standards. The results of analysis are used to confirm the stability of the structure through examination of the Moment Force Diagrams of Axial force, Shear force, Torsion, and Moment. Additionally, the analysis aids in determining the story drifts, story displacements. The provision of reinforcement details is also accomplished through the detailing of beams and columns.

Analysis and Design of Multi-story (G+6) Building by using STAAD Pro

This project is named “Analysis and design of multi-storey building by using STAAD Pro” which involves the analysis of 3D frames of varying floor heights and varying no. of bays using a highly successful software tool STAAD Pro. To compete in the ever-growing competent market, a structural engineer needs to save time as well as Cost. As a sequel to this, an attempt is made to analyze and design a multi-storied building by using the software package STAAD Pro. For analyzing a multi-storied building, one must consider all the possible load(s) and see that the structure is safe against all possible load conditions. There are several methods for the analysis of different frames like Kani's method, Cantilever method, Portal method, and Matrix method. The project deals with the design & analysis of a multi-storied residential building of G+6 consisting of 2 apartments on each floor. The Dead load & Live loads are applied and the design for Beams, Columns & Footing is obtained by utilizing STAAD Pro’s new features which have surpassed its predecessors and compotators like AutoCAD, in data sharing capabilities. We conclude that STAAD Pro is a very powerful tool that can save much time and cost and is very accurate in Designs calculations and it is suitable for the design of a multistoried building.

What really matters in multi-storey building design? A simultaneous sensitivity study of embodied carbon, construction cost, and operational energy

Buildings account for over one-third of global emissions and energy use. Meeting climate pledges will require achieving high operational energy efficiency with low embodied impacts in new construction. Yet, a systematic identification of the relative influence of building design parameters on both operational and embodied efficiencies has rarely been attempted. In this paper we explore for the first time the sensitivity of a wide range of design and operation parameters in terms of embodied carbon, construction cost, as well as heating and cooling loads for multi-storey buildings. We devised a model to estimate the relative importance of a large set of input variables, describing a building’s shape, size, layout, structure, ventilation, windows, insulation, air, and use for residential and office multi-storey buildings, across different climates. We found that increasing building compactness, using steel or timber instead of concrete frames, lowering window-to-wall ratio, choosing the most suitable glazing, and employing mechanical ventilation with heat recovery are the most important measures to decrease embodied emissions and operational energy. The most significant trade-offs with construction cost were found for the choice of frame material and in the decision whether to install mechanical ventilation. We estimate that 28–44% of yearly heating and cooling energy and 6 Gt cumulative embodied CO2e until 2050 could be saved in multi-storey buildings, without employing new technologies.

Исследование по динамике многоэтажных зданий

The design of multi-storey buildings is a natural trend in the development of a modern metropolis. Obtaining exact solutions when studying their own and forced oscillations within the framework of a continuous homogeneous medium model (continuum mechanics) with an infinite number of degrees of freedom is often difficult to implement. Therefore, in the article (as part of the modernization of the finite element method), the model of a multi-storey building is discretized and endowed with a finite number of degrees of freedom placed in the middle of the finite elements at the nodes (the mass of finite elements is also placed there), which elastically interact with the finite elements of the model that do not have mass. It is believed that the elements of a multi-storey building work only for bending, which is fully justified by comparing the frequencies of its bending and longitudinal oscillations. The resolving system of differential equations of oscillations of a multi-storey building, in which expressions for energies (potential, kinetic and Rayleigh) are written in quadratures, is obtained using Lagrange equations of the second kind. In the article, the problems of free oscillations of 3- and 100-storey buildings are solved using Green’s functions, stiffness, mass, compliance matrices, etc. The approximate results obtained in the article, when compared with the little-known approximate results obtained by other methods, as well as exact results (direct and indirect methods of boundary elements), showed a good correspondence.

Diagrid Based Multistorey Building Design and Durability Forecasting

Abstract: The taller and higher structures results in the effects of lateral loading, lateral loads dominates when the height of building increases, lateral loads such as earthquake, wind causes the building larger displacement, to avoid larger displacement in high rise buildings lateral load resisting systems are deployed. Apart from other structural system, the diagrid and hexagrid system are adopted to improve structural performance of tall buildings. The various types of structural system in tall buildings have become obsolete and the new structural skeletons such as hexagrid and diagrid are being used

Design and Analysis of (G+4) Residential Building Using ETABS

Abstract: Structural analysis is a branch that involves determining the behaviour of a structure to predict the response of different structural components due to loading effects. Every structure will be subjected to a load or set of loads, the various loads usually considered are dead load, live load, seismic load and wind load. In our project, we use ETABS software to analyse various loads such as dead load, live load, seismic load. The main objective of the project is to acquire sufficient knowledge of architectural planning, analysis and design. Practical knowledge is an important and essential skill that every engineer needs. For the analysis and design of multi-story buildings, concepts of structural engineering are required, as well a basic concept of theoretical and practical knowledge of planning and design. In this project, we mainly deal with (G+4) residential building using ETABS, and attempt to analyse and design multi-storey building using ETABS. The analysis is performed by static methods and the design is carried out according to IS 456:2000 guidelines. Drawings of plans, elevation, section, site plan, service plan, etc.. are done using AutoCAD software.

Optimal design of multi-storey buildings with tuned mass dampers using genetic algorithms and grey wolf optimization

Two 10-storey benchmark buildings exposed to different earthquakes are considered in the study in order to analyse the performance and capability of the design of the Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) with the optimal properties. Two optimisation algorithms, i.e. the Modified Genetic Algorithm (MGA) and the Grey Wolves Optimization (GWO) method, are used in the investigation. Firstly, the effectiveness of MGA and GWO, under optimally designed TMD system is verified by comparing the results with the ones obtained by other methods. In a second part, the optimum design of TMD system is determined by including mass of TMD as a design variable so as to assess the feasibility of MGA and GWO. The MGA and GWO methods hold the better responses based on the reduction in the displacement, drift and acceleration of all stories subjected to different seismic excitations. The smaller properties of the TMD are attained using the methods of MGA and GWO as compared to the ones obtained by the Den Hartog and Warburton methods based on the objective function. Therefore, the MGA and GWO approaches lead to more practical and efficient solutions, which allows us to design economically the TMD systems rather than that of the other methods based on the reduction of structural responses. The results show that the efficiency of the parameters and modifications can be enhanced by selecting the proper access in the regulation output with requirements to be diminished.

Best Fit for Common Purpose: A Multi-Stakeholder Design Optimization Methodology for Construction Management

Within traditional design processes, decisions are often made based on individualistic values and late-stage assessments conducted on a predefined set of design alternatives potentially leading to suboptimal design decisions and conflicts. The issues are further amplified by the growing complexity of construction project management where an increasing number of stakeholders are involved. To address those issues, a shift is needed towards a collaborative early stage optimization-based design process. The current optimization-based design approaches are not appropriately integrating stakeholders and their preferences in the optimization process and thereby not reflecting the real-life design and construction process. In this study, we present a pioneering multi-stakeholder design methodology combining preference function modeling theory and a priori optimization enabling stakeholders to find the group-optimal design fairly representing their preferences. The application of the developed methodology is demonstrated on a real-life multi-storey building design case. The study provides a novel approach for managing design and construction projects for academic and industry stakeholders. It also sets the foundation for the further development of stakeholder-oriented optimization-based design.

Analysis and Design of Multistorey Building

The primary focus of this research is to analyze and design a multi-storey building (3D-dimensional reinforce concrete frame), the designing of building begins with making the plan of specific building which include the position of rooms, kitchen, toilet etc. the design should be such that it is up to mark of customer requirements and comport nowadays vastu shastra is also kept in mind while designing. The second step is to design the reinforced concrete part which includes designing of slabs, columns, beams, staircase and footing these designing’s were done manually and all the calculations were done according ACT code and the outcomes were compared using STAAD PRO. I design an office building which is made of reinforced concrete frames and the building has three floors with 12 offices on each floor which sum up to 36 offices and the maximum area of a floor is (21.9*40.9) m2. To complete the architectural design, I AutoCAD program and for analyzing and designing the structure of building I used software known as STAAD Pro v8iSSS.and after both the designing I got the results as the map of a building which is architectural and structural safe. For designing the structural plan and architectural design one requires high imagination power as well as theoretical knowledge and also keen knowledge of science of structural engineering and should know the recent design codes, laws and before designing he should have adequate experience and mind set to reach conclusion. STAAD PRO is a very user friendly software it is and easy to understand and operate. We can input the material properties, load value, dimensions and we can also draw the frame within the software and after taking all the data it analyze the whole structure and design the member with reinforced detail for concrete frame and all the designs are done under specified criteria. These criteria are implemented to keep careful balance between economy and safety.

Multi-axis testing of concrete-filled steel tube columns forming ductile soft-story in multi-story buildings

In regions of low-to-moderate seismicity, the design of multi-story buildings with strong-beams weak-columns are quite common, which triggers the formation of a soft-story collapse mechanism during rare ground motions. A design approach to overcome this issue is introducing a ductile soft-story at the first level, such that the damage is controlled, while the above stories remain in the elastic response range. In this approach, the ductile soft-story acts as an isolator and limits the damage at only the first-level, thereby reducing the cost and time of repair and improving the safety and resilience of these buildings. The use of concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns can be considered as an attractive solution to construct such ductile soft-stories. To validate this concept, the multi-axis substructure testing (MAST) system at Swinburne University of Technology is used to conduct a set of 3D quasi-static cyclic tests on CFT columns with both circular (CCFT) and square (SCFT) cross-section shapes. A combination of bidirectional horizontal load protocol with vertical load variation is applied to the specimens. The data obtained from these experiments are used to study the physical damage progression and hysteresis response of CCFT and SCFT columns under complex 6-DOF boundary forces. The obtained experimental data are then used to calibrate FE numerical models to conduct performance-based fragility analysis of the soft-story buildings, at the system level, and vulnerability assessment of CFT columns, at the component level. The results show confidence in the superior seismic performance of CFT columns and highlight the advantages of using these elements in the construction of seismic resilience and sustainable buildings.

A plastic model for partially anchored timber frame walls subjected to shear and bending

The design of multi-storey buildings utilising timber frame walls with partial anchorage often requires an iterative process to calculate the shear capacity of the walls. Partial anchorage, in this instance, refers to the situation where a wall is connected to the underlying structure by fasteners distributed along the base of the wall and where tension forces between the studs and the base are not resisted by tie-down connections. The presented offset force model, evaluating the shear capacity of a single wall element, is a variation of the lower-bound plastic model developed by Källsner and Girhammar. The method allows for a separation of the individual wall height from the height of application of the resultant horizontal force, thereby significantly simplifying the calculation process.

Особенности проектирования многоэтажных зданий в сейсмических районах

Особенности проектирования многоэтажных зданий в сейсмических районах

Influence of Soil-Structure Interaction on Seismic Response of Multi-Storey Buildings

In the seismic analysis of a structure resting on the ground, the response of the sub-soil affects the response of the structure and vice versa. Also, the structure displacements and the ground displacements are not independent of each other. This phenomenon is called soil structure interaction (SSI). In this study, to evaluate the effects of SSI on seismic response of multi-storey buildings, three dimensional analyses were performed on moment-resisting frames resting on different soil types with different shear wave velocities and shear moduli, representing soil classes: B, C, and D according to ECP (201, 2011). Three structural models, consisting of five, eight, and ten storey models, have been analyzed using ABAQUS software under two base conditions: fixed base condition, and flexible base condition “considering SSI effects”. Two ground motions (El Centro 1940, and Kobe 1995) have been chosen for the required analysis. The results of the selected cases indicate that base shear forces generally decrease by decreasing the shear wave velocity and shear modulus of the subsoil. Thus, considering SSI effects in the seismic analysis of moment-resisting frames is essential to guarantee both economical and safe design of multi-storey buildings.

Desain Instalasi Listrik Bangunan Bertingkat (Studi Kasus: Pesantren Khoiru Ummah Sumedang)

The electrical installation is a circuit of electrical equipment which is interconnected with one another and it is within the scope of the electrical power system. This article is to present the result of social community service (PkM) activity at Boarding School of STP SMP/SMA KU Sumedang, that shows an electrical installation design of multi-storey building. In construction of multi-storey building of this boarding school, they do not have an electrical installation design. So, the design in this article is to provide design drawings of the electrical installation, so it could be guidance of setting up of electrical installation for the new boarding school building. So that, they got the electrical installation safely for human and the equipment, as well reliable and comfort during using electricity. The design drawings that resulted from the social community service are drawings of front look, beside look, wiring, and single line diagram (SLD). Also, resulted total power calculation, protection, and capacity (rating) of MCB, and calculated cable rating (KHA), choosing type and cross-sectional area of cables that will be used in electrical installation design for the boarding school building.

DETERMINATION OF RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF MULTI-STOREY FRAME BUILDING AT DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF COLUMN REINFORCEMENT

The article considers the issues of variant design of bearing elements of monolithic reinforced concrete crossbarless frame. In particular, the columns, in order to ensure increased reliability of operation of the frame in cases of exposure to various adverse conditions. Such conditions include factors of disproportionate destruction (progressive collapse), which can significantly damage the building. With variant reinforcement of columns, it is possible to achieve a state when the reliability of safe operation of the building will be most pronounced, which may be a recommended measure in the design of multi-storey buildings. It is noted that a rational increase in the reinforcement of columns on the lower floors leads to an increase in the parameter of trouble-free operation of the entire building in emergencies, and this is a sign of increasing the reliability of the entire designed frame of the building. The technology of estimating the reliability parameters is that along the height of the column there are four to five sections with a certain percentage of reinforcement, the maximum percentage (up to 2% -3.5%) is located in the lower zone of the columns, and the smallest % -1.0%) at the top of the columns. This armature is appointed proceeding from statistical calculation of a skeleton and the received internal efforts of M, N, V. In the resulted article as the device of calculation of a 14-storeyed with a cellar of a inhabited frame building the software and computer complex "SCAD" version 21.1.9.5 is used. The emergency situation is predicted in the form of an explosion in the basement of a residential building, which led to the destruction of three columns of the corner of the building and one stiffness diaphragm. Five possible options for column reinforcement were compared (there are 585 columns in the frame of the building). In the first and second embodiments, the reinforcement of the lower two zones was ϻ = 1.57%, the upper two zones ϻ = 0.5%, in the third variant, the reinforcement of the lower two zones was ϻ = 2.57%. In the fourth and fifth variants, the lower two zones had reinforcement ϻ = 1.0%, the upper two zones ϻ = 1.57%. In each of the variants the strength of the concrete changed: for the I and IV variants it corresponded to class C20 / 25; for II, III and V variants the concrete class corresponded to C32 / 40. The parameter of failure-free operation P (t) for the frame in each case was determined by the method of Kudzis AP The calculations showed that the values of P (t) for each option were: I - 0,978; II - 0.986; III - 0.998; IV - 0.969; V - 0.983. Thus, the most effective was the third option (maximum reinforcement of the lower tiers of the columns), which is recommended for implementation in the actual design. Keywords: disproportionate destruction, reliability and safety of operation, reliability indicators, reinforced concrete monolithic framework, variant reinforcement, efficiency of the accepted decisions.

THE ROLE OF VERTICAL HOLINESS IN THE MULTI-STOREY INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN

The increasing number of residents demands the provision of settlement facilities and infrastructure. Limited land is an obstacle to the development in the horizontal direction, especially the use of green open land which will cause land conversion. The limitation of the building height regulated by local regulations, as well as the local wisdom, namely vertical holiness can be a challenge related to the idea of building multi-storey buildings. When you want to enter the lower floors of the building, there is a feeling of doubt because there are other residents on the upper floors who step over. This study aims to reveal the relationship of vertical holiness with multi-storey building design and formulate vertical holiness as an effort to implement it in a design so that it can be accepted by the community. This study uses a methodology to examine the problem by interviewing the stakeholders and filling out the questionnaire, therefore, the relationship between vertical holiness and multi-storey building design can be obtained. The results of the study clearly confirm that there is indeed a correlation between vertical holiness and multi-storey building design. Thus, the design should pay attention to this vertical holiness. The study also encourages that the formulation of vertical holiness should be legally stated in regulation so that it is easily understood and accepted by the community.
 

Проектирование многоэтажных зданий на свайных фундаментах с учетом сейсмических воздействий

Проектирование многоэтажных зданий на свайных фундаментах с учетом сейсмических воздействий

Analysis by STAAD-PRO and Design of Structural Elements by MATLAB

The analysis and design of multi storey building is carried out usually in the software packages which are very strong in analysis. The different software like STAAD-PRO, Etabs, etc is used for such purposes. The programming tools like C+, JAVA, etc are also used in many structural elements for different methods of calculations. The high level programming tools like MATLAB is used for many complicated problems in various fields. In the present paper the STAAD-PRO is used for the purpose of analysis and design of a building. The building was analyzed for the seismic behavior. Shear force, bending moment, deflections are calculated using the software, the reinforcement details are also available through the design. The coding of STAAD editor is also included in this paper. The design of slab, beam, column and footing are carried out by the programming of MATLAB. The objective of this study was to check the programming language for these structural elements.

Optimum spanning for rectangular floor systems – part 1: a unified combinatorial approach

In preliminary layout optimisation problems, it is of great importance how to efficiently represent the structure’s layout so that it could account for the relevant objectives. A unified automated technique is presented for finding the optimum spanning of rectangular floors to simplify the computer-aided conceptual design of multi-storey buildings. The technique supports two commonly used floor systems: flat plates and beam–slab floors, in which the number and the size of spans are variables. The paper describes how conceptual design optimisation of rectangular floor systems involving architectural, structural and constructional objectives can be modelled as a multi-objective combinatorial optimisation problem. The method first is presented in a general form that is able to accommodate different objective functions and is not confined to optimisation under a certain type of action effects, loading systems and/or geometrical constraints. Then, the optimisation problem is formulated for cost optimisation of floor as a specific application of the methodology.

Optimum spanning for rectangular floor systems – part 2: an algorithm and practical applications

In practice, structural optimum geometric design consists of selecting the best combination of a finite number of structural elements and available parameters. It gives the optimum design procedure a combinatorial nature. In this paper, first a bi-objective combinatorial optimisation problem is formulated for the floor spanning design of multi-story buildings. The aim is to achieve an optimum spanning of rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) floor systems with the minimum cost and plan eccentricity. Two popular types of floor systems are studied: flat plates and beam-slab floor systems. Then a bi-objective Ant Colony Optimization approach, as a robust algorithm for discrete optimisation, is developed to solve the combinatorial optimisation arisen from the optimum geometric design of reinforced concrete floors. Numerical Examples are included to demonstrate the application of the methodology and robustness of the algorithm.