Design Of Institutional Arrangements Research Articles

EU–UK institutional arrangements and Brexit: a view from Switzerland

In 1972 the UK signed an accession treaty with the EU while Switzerland and the EU concluded a free trade agreement. Nowadays, both countries have a very close relationship with the EU and are not (or not anymore) EU Member States. This article aims to analyse two complex legal paths taken by countries able but not willing (or no longer willing) to be part of the EU through institutional arrangements they have already negotiated or are currently negotiating with the EU. On the one hand, the UK was part of the EU legal order and is now extracting itself from the realm of EU law while switching to relations with the EU based on international law. On the other hand, Switzerland has built its relations with the EU on numerous bilateral agreements based on EU law without establishing a homogeneous institutional mechanism, which the EU has been insistently demanding since 2013. These two situations are paradoxically similar as for both of them the design of institutional arrangements depends on the degree of integration with/extraction from EU law. A comparison between the EU–UK withdrawal agreement, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) and the EU–Switzerland draft institutional agreement, as proposed in this article, confirms that the degree of institutional flexibility that the EU is able to offer to a third country with which it concludes an agreement is dependent on whether that agreement is based on EU law, and in particular, EU internal market law. This article argues that depending on the nature of law the agreement is based on, from an EU perspective variations in the role of Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and/or of an arbitral tribunal may make sense, but this is not the case when one takes an outside perspective.

Building relational capacities from institutional arrangements: lessons based on the construction of Salvador's subway system

This article aims to study the construction process of the subway system in the Brazilian cities of Salvador and Lauro de Freitas, investigating the constraints of state agencies to build this subway infrastructure. By examining the structures created to produce this urban infrastructure policy, this paper tries to explain how institutional arrangements of public policies condition state agency, in other words, how they enhance or undermine the formation of policy capacities to deliver subway infrastructure. The qualitative analysis of the data suggests that the design of institutional arrangements and their change influence the availability and mobilization of actors, resources, competences and policy instruments towards the promotion of efficacy and legitimacy in this policy.

Building relational capacities from institutional arrangements: lessons based on the construction of Salvador's subway system

This article aims to study the construction process of the subway system in the Brazilian cities of Salvador and Lauro de Freitas, investigating the constraints of state agencies to build this subway infrastructure. By examining the structures created to produce this urban infrastructure policy, this paper tries to explain how institutional arrangements of public policies condition state agency, in other words, how they enhance or undermine the formation of policy capacities to deliver subway infrastructure. The qualitative analysis of the data suggests that the design of institutional arrangements and their change influence the availability and mobilization of actors, resources, competences and policy instruments towards the promotion of efficacy and legitimacy in this policy.

The role of institutions in achieving radical innovation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how institutions can facilitate or inhibit radical innovation. The authors argue that organizational radical innovation is necessary to maintain a competitive advantage and to evolve in the market place, and institutions are the basis of this innovation. From an innovation and service dominant (SD) logic perspective, network ties are proposed to be a determining factor for the achievement of innovation through institutionalization in the university knowledge management context.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual approach is applied to develop and propose a framework for deepening understanding of radical organizational innovation, institutions and network ties. Data were gathered from Link by UMA-ATech, which in the context of the University of Málaga (Spain) is with great success developing a strategy based on fostering innovation. In all, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with actors in the Link context, together with additional important second-order data analyses (sector analyses, statistics and company websites). Because of the perceived desirability of innovation, public universities have established a model as a part of this strategy in order to foster and develop new businesses through technology transfer.FindingsChanging institutional arrangements are the basis of innovation. Opening universities to the actors around them, with an interest in exchanging resources through the evolution of network ties toward a less bureaucratic and more collaborative and open university (tertius iungens) is the basis for reaching organizational radical innovation in the university context to develop the provider-driven radical innovation network structure via the “University Living Lab” theoretical model.Research limitations/implicationsA conceptual understanding is used in combination with an empirical approach, in which one case study and 22 organizations are considered in the context of Link-by-UMA ATech, at the University of Málaga. A range of different contexts from other universities would also be useful to add new perspectives to the development of the theory.Practical implicationsAlthough radical innovation is occasionally seen in systems and arises naturally in markets, it is interesting to consider the possibility of designing strategies that facilitate the process from the beginning of the design of the business model. In this sense, the present findings could help organizations in general and universities in particular, to devise strategies resulting in positive relationships that could facilitate the design of business model structures. These could in turn foster the development of new institutions resulting in new network ties, which could give rise to radical innovation through the attraction of new actors interested in exchanging service-for-service resources.Originality/valueThe present paper develops the provider-driven radical innovation network structure of the “University Living Lab” theoretical model, which encourages the university to make decisions to devise more open models based on a change of network ties, in turn based on the design of new institutional arrangements. These concepts have not previously been put together, and build on the theories of institutions and organizational radical innovation. This theoretical contribution is framed within the SD logic perspective and specifically in the 11th fundamental premise (FP 11/5th axiom) to better understand how innovation occurs in service ecosystems, allowing the provider the possibility of developing such processes through the design of institutional arrangements.

特集「建築確認の瑕疵を巡る事例分析及び制度設計に関する諸考察」にあたって

特集「建築確認の瑕疵を巡る事例分析及び制度設計に関する諸考察」にあたって

STUDY ON THE EVALUATION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT AS CHILD NURTURING ENVIRONMENT BY STAFF OF SMALL BASES FOR CHILD-CARE

This paper aimed to research about the small bases for child-care that used the environment of the cities such as parks for their childcare. First, design of institutional arrangements and actual situation of administration were arranged targeted the two systems, daytime-guardian system (Kyoto) and the branched day-nursery system (Osaka). Next, Evaluation comments to the environmental element of the urban space by the staff of bases were collected when the staff and children used the urban space as child nurturing space with Caption Evaluation Method. And, some matters pursued in the urban environment as the place of the childcare were derived by analysis and consideration.

Integrated Water Resource Management, Institutional Arrangements, and Land-Use Planning

A systems, holistic, or ecosystem approach is often advocated for water management, and has led to the emergence of integrated water resource management, or IWRM. Such an approach can be interpreted as ‘comprehensive’ or ‘integrated’, and analysts, planners, and managers need to understand the difference. Edge or boundary problems always are encountered when applying a holistic approach, and design of institutional arrangements cannot eliminate these problems but can minimize them. IWRM often does not have a statutory basis, which can lead to implementation challenges. By linking IWRM to land-use planning and official plans at the local level, IWRM can be given credibility, as well as be systematically connected to land-based issues.

Evidence, Politics, And Technological Change

In few fields of public policy are the use and cost of services so powerfully driven by technological change as they are in medicine. To manage technology, policy-makers have expanded their investment in evaluative research. This paper addresses three underexamined challenges in using evidence: those inherent in the dynamics of technological change itself; those inherent in the analytical enterprise; and the ways in which political factors shape the translation of evidence into policy decisions. The design of institutional arrangements and processes that seek to blend evidence with politics merit closer attention, and existing cross-national arrangements deserve careful study.

Changes in UK monetary policy: Rules and discretion in practice

In October 1992, following sterling's departure from the Exchange Rate Mechanism, Britain adopted a new framework for monetary policy. That comprised two components: first, an explicit target for inflation, and, second, institutional changes designed to give greater influence to the Bank of England by increasing the transparency and openness of the process by which interest rates are set. This paper analyses those changes from the perspective of the debate on rules versus discretion, and argues that an appropriate design of institutional arrangements can provide incentives for central bankers to pursue the first-best state-contingent monetary policy.

The Myth of Interagency Cooperation in Water Resources Management

It is time to reform the myth that interagency cooperation is key to improving water resources management in Canada by recognizing the increasing need to resolve conflicts among the wide diversity of private and public interests involved. In the last two decades there have been major innovations in management strategies, including the introduction of varied referral, impact assessment and planning processes. Bargaining and negotiation within these processes has become the pervasive practice of everyday management. There has, however, been little attention given to the factors determining their success in promoting cooperation and conflict resolution. The adoption of a new myth explicitly acknowledging and exploiting the role of negotiation in cooperation and conflict resolution directs attention to fundamental changes required in the skills of the people involved and the design of institutional arrangements for management.