Design Of Hybrid Power System Research Articles

Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a solar-wind hybrid power system for laayoune city electrification with hydrogen and batteries as a storage device

The pressing environmental concerns associated with fossil fuels have propelled renewable energy sources, particularly solar and wind energy, into a more prominent position. This article aims to explore an optimal configuration and conduct a technical and economic analysis of a hybrid solar-wind energy system tailored for electrifying Laayoune city. This system, equipped with hydrogen tank and batteries as storage devices, aims to meet the annual energy requirements of residential areas estimated at 310.87 GWh/year. In addition to addressing energy needs, the study tackles significant challenges such as reducing dependence on traditional energy sources, curbing greenhouse gas emissions, and bolstering energy security in the region. Utilizing HOMER Pro software, the research evaluates various combinations of renewable resources, including solar and wind, alongside storage solutions such as batteries, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage, to find the most viable solution in terms of electricity generation, cost, and environmental impact. The findings highlight a hybrid configuration comprising solar, wind, battery, grid, and converter components as the most cost-effective approach for Laayoune's renewable energy system. This integrated system not only yields an energy cost of 0.0477 $/kWh and a net present cost (NPC) of 336 M$ but also generates 627.69 GWh/year of energy. Furthermore, it achieves a 100% renewable energy ratio while completely eliminating CO2 emissions.

Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Power Systems for Rural Areas: A Case Study of Bingöl

Today, many factors, especially the increasing world population and developing technology, increase the energy needs of people and societies day by day. The fact that fossil resources are both in danger of depletion and have negative environmental impacts has directed countries to new resources. The study focuses on the effective use of renewable energy sources (RES) and the evaluation of waste to meet the electricity and heat energy needs of Yiğit Harman Village, located in the Solhan district of Bingöl Province. For this purpose, a renewable-energy-based combined heat and power system (CHP) was designed using HOMER Pro software (version 3.14.2, Homer Energy LLC, Boulder, CO, USA). Solar, wind, biomass, and hydrogen energy sources were used, considering the resources of the region. Using the designed model, the entire electricity energy requirement and half of the heat energy were completely met by the region’s available RESs. In addition to the technical analysis, economic and environmental analyses were also conducted, and LCOE, NPC, and CO2 emission values were obtained as 0.271 USD/kWh, USD 739,772, and 37,958 kg/yr, respectively. These results indicate that with an investment of approximately USD 7000 per household, the electrical and thermal energy needs for 25 years can be met.

Optimization Design of SOFC-GT Hybrid Power System for Aviation Application

Optimization Design of SOFC-GT Hybrid Power System for Aviation Application

Stochastic Optimization of Onboard Photovoltaic Hybrid Power System Considering Environmental Uncertainties

Environmental uncertainties present a significant challenge in the design of onboard photovoltaic hybrid power systems (PV-HPS), a pivotal decarbonization technology garnering widespread attention in the shipping industry. Neglecting environmental uncertainties associated with photovoltaic (PV) output and hull resistance can lead to suboptimal solutions. To address this issue, this paper proposes a stochastic optimization method for PV-HPS, aiming to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and lifecycle costs. Copula functions are employed to establish joint distributions of uncertainties in solar irradiance, ambient temperature, significant wave height, and wave period. Monte Carlo simulation, the bi-bin method, and the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm are utilized for scenario generation, scenario reduction, and design space exploration. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study involving an unmanned ship. Additionally, deterministic optimization and two partial stochastic optimizations are conducted to underscore the importance of simultaneously considering environmental uncertainties related to power sources and hull resistance. The results affirm the proposed approach’s capability to reduce GHG emissions and lifecycle costs. A sensitivity analysis of bin number is performed to investigate the tradeoff between optimality and computation time.

Hybrid Power System Design and Dynamic Modeling for Enhanced Reliability in Remote Natural Gas Pipeline Control Stations

The most rapid and efficient method to transport natural gas from its source to its destination is through a pipeline network. The optimal functioning of control stations for natural gas pipelines depends on the use of electrical devices, including data loggers, communication devices, control systems, surveillance equipment, and more. Ensuring a reliable and consistent power supply proves to be challenging due to the remote locations of these control stations. This research article presents a case study detailing the design and dynamic modeling of a hybrid power system (HPS) to address the specific energy needs of a particular natural gas pipeline control station. The HOMER Pro 3.17.1 software is used to design an optimal HPS for the specified location. The designed system combines a photovoltaic (PV) system with natural gas generators as a backup to ensure a reliable and consistent power supply for the control station. Furthermore, it provides significant cost savings, reducing the cost of energy (COE) by USD 0.148 and the annual operating costs by USD 87,321, all while integrating a renewable energy fraction of 79.2%. Dynamic modeling of the designed system is performed in MATLAB/Simulink R2022a to analyze the system’s response, including its power quality, harmonics, voltage transients, load impact, etc. The experimental results are validated using hardware in the loop (HIL) and OPAL-RT Technologies’ real-time OP5707XG simulator.

Mountain gazelle optimizer for standalone hybrid power system design incorporating a type of incentive-based strategies

The main objective of this research study is to improve the performance of a standalone hybrid power system (SHPS) that consists of photovoltaic modules (PVMs), wind turbines (WTs), battery system (BS), and diesel engine (DE). The emphasis is on optimizing the system's design by incorporating demand response strategies (DRSs). Incorporating these strategies into the system can enhance system performance, stability, and profitability while also reducing the capacity of SHPS components and, consequently, lowering consumers' bills. To achieve this objective, the sizing model incorporates a novel indicator called the load variation factor (LVF). This paper assesses and contrasts various scenarios, including SHPS without DRS, with DRS, and with DRS but no DE. In this article, interruptible/curtailable (I/C) as one of the DRSs is incorporated into the model used for sizing issues. A newly developed optimization algorithm called the mountain gazelle optimizer (MGO) is utilized for the multi-objective design of the proposed SHPS. The utilization of MGO will facilitate achieving the lowest possible values for each of the following: cost of energy (COE), loss of power supply probability (LPSP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This work introduces a mathematical model for the entire system, which is subsequently simulated using MATLAB software. The results reveal that among all the scenarios analysed, scenario iii — which has an LVF of 30% — is the most cost-effective. It has the lowest COE, at 0.2334 $/kWh, hence the lowest net present cost (NPC), at 6,836,445.5 $.

A novel framework for interconnected hybrid power system design using hybridization of metaheuristic algorithms and fuzzy inference

ABSTRACT In this study, load frequency control (LFC) of an interconnected isolated hybrid power system (IHPS) with different power generating units (PUGs) like a diesel engine generator (DEG), a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT), and a wind turbine generator (WTG) are integrated for more sustainable energy. Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy PID (FPID) controllers are employed for governor speed control of DEG and CCGT and pitch control of WTG to enhance system stability. The study is focused on optimizing the controller parameters to match power output with load demand, ensuring stable system frequency under various load and wind perturbations. Two optimization algorithms, the student psychology-based optimization algorithm (SPBOA) and the quasi-oppositional based whale optimization algorithm (QOWOA), are utilized to optimize controller gains. The integral of time absolute error served as the objective function to assess the effectiveness of the proposed SPBOA (for PID and FPID-based) and QOWOA (for PID and FPID-based) models. Comparative analysis revealed that the SPBOA-based IHPS model demonstrated superior response in terms of objective function, settling time, and peak, particularly outperforming the QOWOA-based model across different scenarios. Notably, the SPBOA-FPID controller exhibited enhanced dynamic responses and overall performance compared to SPBOA-based PID, fuzzy proportional-integral, and fuzzy proportional-derivative controllers.

A comprehensive review of the design and operations of a sustainable hybrid power system

The adoption of sustainable hybrid power systems (SHPSs) is witnessing a significant surge among electricity consumers worldwide, which is largely driven by the unexpected geopolitical shock experienced by several European countries during the Russian war in Ukraine and the low electricity coverage in many African nations. The European countries heavily relied on Russian gas for electricity generation, but the sudden outbreak of war disrupted this dependency, leading to severe hardships. In contrast, many African countries face challenges with low rates of electrification and limited progress toward renewables due to a scarcity of technical expertise. To address these issues, sustainable hybrid power systems, which are crucial for achieving a decarbonized energy grid, offer a viable solution. The research delves into the motivation behind adopting sustainable hybrid power systems, reviews key aspects surrounding this topic, explores various renewable resources that can be harnessed for the grid and off-grid applications, and discusses essential considerations related to the planning, operations, and feasibility of implementing the SHPS scheme effectively.

Hybrid whale optimization algorithm with simulated annealing for load frequency controller design of hybrid power system

Hybrid whale optimization algorithm with simulated annealing for load frequency controller design of hybrid power system

Design of a novel fully-active PEMFC-Lithium battery hybrid power system based on two automatic ON/OFF switches for unmanned aerial vehicle applications

High-performance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly popular in applications across industrial inspection, forest patrol, and aerial photography. For high-performance UAVs, hybrid power systems consisting of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and Lithium batteries are usually recommended for improving their flight endurance. In this paper, a novel fully-active PEMFC-Lithium battery hybrid power system is designed for UAV applications. The proposed construction employs an automatic ON/OFF switch in parallel with a DC-DC converter to control the PEMFC and a second automatic ON/OFF switch replacing the commonly used DC-DC converter to control the Lithium battery. With this design, we enable the two energy sources to directly supply power through control of the ON/OFF state of the two automatic switches, thereby significantly avoiding energy loss in the DC-DC converter. The design further allows for separate or joint operation modes of the PEMFC-Lithium battery hybrid power system to be actively selected through combined control of the automatic ON/OFF switches and the DC-DC converter. On this basis, a simple and effective rule-based strategy can be designed for the energy management between the PEMFC and Lithium battery. Experimental results successfully demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed fully-active PEMFC-Lithium battery hybrid power system, with numerous simulations results showing that the proposed fully-active hybrid power system reduces hydrogen consumption by 5.6 g and improves energy utilization by 7% in UAV applications when compared with the conventional fully-active hybrid power system under the same power requirement. Additionally, the active mode switch control can effectively alleviate voltage degradation of the PEMFC as well as improve the output performance of the Lithium battery, which would effectively extend the service-life of the hybrid power system. This paper successfully demonstrates the advantages of the proposed fully-active PEMFC-Lithium hybrid power system in UAV applications.

Design of hybrid power system for COMSATS University Islamabad using homer pro software

More than a billion people do not have access o electricity, so it is important to find ways to generate power close to where they live. Hybrid energy systems can be made and used to generate electricity for homes and businesses that are not connected to national or regional power grids. Hybrid energy systems yield greater environmental and economic returns than stand-alone geothermal, solar, wind, or bigenerational systems. The goal of this paper is to simulate a hybrid power system for COMSATS University in Islamabad that is both technically and economically feasible and plays a big part to support clean energy production and safeguard the environment from toxic emissions. This paper provides a case study of COMSATS University Islamabad. The results showed that a hybrid system with a grid and a wind turbine that produced 1 MWh/yr was the best option. This study also provides a cost summary of PV panels, batteries, diesel generators, capital value, replacement, operation and maintenance (OM), fuel cost, and salvage value in dollars. In this study, a hybrid power system is designed that can provide us with a detailed analysis of power generation and consumption for the case study.

Pre-Sizing Approach of a Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Power System with Interleaved Converters

This paper proposes a design methodology that is dedicated to improving the concept of a modular hybrid power chain that uses interleaved converters. The approach involves optimising the system under multi-physical constraints, where the number of cells in the interleaved converters is considered as a key modular parameter. The methodology uses analytical models to strike a balance between computation time and result accuracy. This compromise is indispensable to the construction of a smart design approach under multi-physical constraints, such as electric, efficiency, volume, and thermal constraints. The proposed approach has been applied to a hybrid fuel cell and battery power system for automotive applications; the goal is to obtain a global optimal architecture chain by optimising the number of interleaved converter cells and by determining appropriate power electronics components and the optimal sizing of sources. This constitutes the primary step for providing an effective pre-design support tool for considering architecture modularity, facilitating the use of new technologies in the early design stage. The results showed that the interleaving concept allows for better flexibility in respecting the design constraints to improve the design of hybrid power systems. The analysis also highlights the current limitations and performance of the optimisation method and suggests new areas for future work.

Design of Hybrid Power System using PV and Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

Design of Hybrid Power System using PV and Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

Power Flow Optimization of a Hybrid Energy System with Salp Swarm Algorithm

Electric energy has become more essential in the recent year for all human activities. Therefore the demand for electricity is increasing to an extreme. The non-conventional energy generation methods are attracting the energy suppliers as its design and implementation is comparatively simple than the conventional energy generation. However, the non-conventional energy sources are widely dependent to the nature. Hence the power supply regularity has become a questionable one for non-conventional energy systems. The design of hybrid power system allows addressing this issue by connecting more than one non-conventional energy system together for making a reliable power supply. To regulate the power supply generation on connecting more than system several optimization algorithms were implemented in the present hybrid energy systems. The proposed work aims to study the performances of the hybrid energy system connected with 3KW wind power generation with each 1KW power generation with solar system and battery backup of using salp swarm optimization algorithm. The experimental work is also extended to prove the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with the traditional particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms.

Optimization and design of hybrid power system using HOMER pro and integrated CRITIC-PROMETHEE II approaches

Optimization and design of hybrid power system using HOMER pro and integrated CRITIC-PROMETHEE II approaches

Design and Development of Wind-Solar Hybrid Power System with Compressed Air Energy Storage for Voltage and Frequency Regulations

The intermittent nature of wind and solar photovoltaic energy systems leads to the fluctuation of power generated due to the fact that the power output is highly dependent upon local weather conditions, which results to the load shading issue that led to the voltage and frequency instability. In additional to that, the high proportions of erratic renewable energy sources can lead to erratic frequency changes which affect the grid stability. In order to reduce this effect, the energy storage system is commonly used in most wind-solar energy systems to balance the voltage and frequency instability during load variations. One of the innovative energy storage systems is the compressed air energy storage system (CAES) for wind and solar hybrid energy system and this technology is the key focus in this research study. The aim of this research was to examine the system configuration of the CAES system through modelling and experimental approach with PID controller design for regulating the voltage and frequency under different load conditions. The essential elements and the entire system have been presented in this work as thorough modelling in the MATLAB/Simulink environment for different load conditions. The developed model was tested through an experimental workbench using the developed prototype of the compressed air storage in the Siemens Lab at DeKUT and explored the consequence of the working parameters on the system proficiency and the model accuracy. The performance of the system for the developed prototype of CAES system was validated using results from an experimental workbench with MATLAB/Simulink R2022b simulation. The modeling and experimental results, shows that the frequency fluctuation and voltage drop of the developed CAES system during load variations was governed by the I/P converter using a PID_Compact controller programed in the TIA Portal V17 software and downloaded into PLC S7 1200. Based on these results, the model can be applied as a basis for the performance assessment of the compressed air energy storage system so as to be included in current technology of wind and solar hybrid energy systems.

Optimizing design and performance assessment of a community-scale hybrid power system with distributed renewable energy and flexible demand response

Modern urban energy system with renewable energy sources has become an effective solution to enhance energy security and promote carbon neutrality. This paper presents a holistic framework for the optimal design and management of such a flexible hybrid power system at the community scale. This framework integrates the potential assessment of rooftop PV and waste biomass, a general optimization approach with multi-perspective performance evaluation, as well as the impacts analysis of energy policy, demand response, and uncertain economic parameters. The proposed framework was applied to a small neighborhood area in Beijing, China. It was found that 100% utilization of available biomass and rooftop PV would satisfy 73% of local electricity demand with the levelized cost of electricity of 0.1030 $/kWh and the embodied carbon emission of 0.5416 kg/kWh. The flexible shiftable load could lead to lower peak load and less electricity supply cost, and help to match the energy demand with the dispatchable rooftop PV output. However, the economic benefits caused by implementing demand response are more obvious than the environmental benefits. Furthermore, a higher electricity tariff and lower capital cost of PV technology would facilitate the investment in rooftop PV and achieve carbon emission reduction targets.

Design, Sizing and Optimization of a Solar- Wind Hybrid Power System

Design, sizing and optimization of a solar-wind hybrid power system was carried out to determine its economic feasibility using Hybrid optimized model for electric renewable (HOMER) software aimed at selecting the most feasible configuration based on the net present cost to meet the load demand of 425 W for the appliances in a departmental office at Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. The simulation results were used to develop a working prototype by sizing the four major components: the solar panels (350 W), a wind turbine (100 W), 2 battery systems of 12 V/200Ah and a charge controller (35.4 A) to regulate battery charging. The efficiencies of the wind turbine, PV solar panels and the inverter system were 48, 29.2 and 50 % respectively. The contribution of PV was 98 % and that of the wind turbine was 2 % due to low average wind speed (1.96 m/s at 15 m) from February to April. The results showed that solar energy contributed more to the charging of the inverter than the wind energy due to the high favorable solar insolation in the region. The optimized system configuration was chosen and this was based on the net present cost, levelized cost of energy and its renewable fraction respectively. The results demonstrated that the best hybrid combination consists of 0.35 kW PV Panels, 1 unit of 0.1 kW wind turbine, 2 units of deep cycle batteries (12V each/200Ah) and 1 unit of 1600 W Inverter. The prototype of the solar - wind hybrid power system based on the optimized components met the load demand for the basic appliances in the office. The results can be expanded to cover the entire department and the templates so obtained can be used generally within the University Community.

A modified Grey Wolf Optimization with Cuckoo Search Algorithm for load frequency controller design of hybrid power system

This paper proposes a novel strategy by consolidating the Modified Grey wolf optimization algorithm and the Cuckoo search algorithm, termed as MGWO-CS algorithm. The superiority of the proposed modified hybrid algorithm over the original algorithm in terms of implementation time and solution quality is compared by taking several benchmark test functions. Further, the genuine utilization of the proposed algorithm is tried by designing a TID controller for frequency regulation of a two-area power system with the application of a photovoltaic system. The matchless quality of the MGWO-CS based TID controller is presented by contrasting with some current methods. Finally, the robustness of the hybrid algorithm-based controller is tested in a multi-area multi-source hybrid power system with the PV-Thermal environment and it is observed that the proposed hybrid algorithm based TID controller is more effective for the load frequency control of the hybrid system compared to the conventional controller.

Creation of a hybrid power plant operating on the basis of a gas turbine engine

This paper considers the issue related to the use of jet gas turbine engines for the generation of thermal and electrical energy, defined as a hybrid energy system powered by biogas. Revealing the main vulnerable points of the use and operation of these systems, it is proposed to use biogas obtained from agricultural, crop and livestock waste as fuel for gas turbine engines. Analyzing the work of gas turbine engines, it reveals not only the technological advantages of using biogas instead of fuel, but also reducing the cost of heat and electric energy obtained by obtaining a productive land biohumus. This will result, firstly, it is especially emphasized, the usefulness of the resulting ground humus as a waste material, when producing biogas as fuel, for the operation of a hybrid energy system operating on the basis of gas turbine engines. Secondly, during the operation of a hybrid power system, it is possible to simultaneously obtain thermal and electrical energy. Thirdly, the low cost of the heat and electric energy received. The following are other useful applications of such a power system. The resulting thermal energy is used for heating the greenhouse, and the electrical energy obtained from the operation of the hybrid power system can be used not only for lighting the premises, but can be used for the needs of the greenhouse. It is shown that the proposed hybrid power system consists of two technological structures. The first design is to obtain fuel in the form of biogas for the operation of gas turbine engines, the second design is the connection of the first design with gas turbine engines. A schematic diagram of the general design of the proposed hybrid power system and the principle of its operation is proposed. The difficulties encountered in the design and operation of such hybrid power systems are noted