Hardware Circuit Design Research Articles

A Heterogeneous Glider System with Underwater Acoustic Communication and Positioning

Abstract Autonomous underwater vehicles are increasingly frequently used in the fields of ocean observation, data collection, and tactical surveillance. Underwater navigation and near real-time communication are the most important factors limiting the performance of these vehicles. In this article, an underwater acoustic communication and positioning system (UACPS) based on heterogeneous gliders is presented. The system consists of an acoustic wave glider and an acoustic underwater glider, and includes an ultrashort baseline and an acoustic modem. The program and communication protocol of the communication and positioning algorithm are independently developed, and the hardware circuit design of the communication and ultra-short baseline positioning, as well as the embedded surface wave gliders and gliders are independently implemented. Sea trial results indicate that the communication distance of the system is more than 3 km and the positioning error is less than 5%. With the further improvement of system performance, the low cost, long time, long distance and near real-time communication characteristics of our UACPS can be used to integrate multiple autonomous unmanned platforms as part of intelligent surveillance robot networks.

Design of an image processing system for heterogeneous computer architectures

Embedded real-time image processing systems are widely applied in various fields, enhancing visual experience and making life more convenient. With the development of embedded processors and operating systems, as well as in-depth research into image processing algorithms, the effects and speed of image processing have been significantly improved. This paper proposes an embedded image processing system design based on the current technological developments, centered around the Zybo processor. This includes a collaborative hardware and software design, specific hardware circuit design, and the design of a system software platform. The paper also discusses the establishment of a development environment for the Zybo system, the transplantation of the Linux operating system, the design of the file system, and the application of OpenCV library functions in image processing.

Hardware circuit design of intelligent fast charger control system

Hardware circuit design of intelligent fast charger control system

NGHIÊN CỨU XÂY DỰNG THIẾT BỊ Y TẾ HỖ TRỢ THEO DÕI TỪ XA CHO BỆNH NHÂN TIM MẠCH

This article focuses on researching and developing a medical support device with functions to monitor various health parameters of patients directly or remotely, such as body temperature, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation. The implementation method includes designing algorithm diagrams, hardware circuit design, component selection, and building a display application on smartphones or a website interface that allows monitoring the parameters quickly and accurately. Actual testing initially showed that, the device essentially operates quite accurately according to the design and programming with many advantages such as: The system operates stably, meeting design requirements; Results can be monitored visually in a variety of ways and conveniently on LCD screen, App, Web; Each measurement data is saved with data security assurance; The system is evaluated to have minimal errors, low power consumption, and is cost-effective, along with the convenience of result monitoring, making it suitable for various user groups. Furthermore, the research results can serve as a practical model for students in the Biomedical Engineering field at educational institutions where there is currently a shortage of devices catering to learning needs.

Design of FPGA-based data acquisition system for nanoparticle counting

Abstract As one of the effective means to monitor the environment, the number of particles in the air is gradually developing towards smaller nanoparticles. To improve the acquisition speed of nanoparticle signals and the count of the number of particle signals, this paper adopts the FPGA of Altera as the main control chip, combined with the high-speed ADC AD9280. The sampling of the particle pulse signal is realized, and the collected data is transmitted to the host computer through serial communication. Through the designed peak detection algorithm, the algorithm is hardware accelerated to realize real-time continuous processing of particle signal, calculate the number of peaks, and then get the number of particles. In this paper, the hardware circuit and FPGA logic design of the system are described, and the acquisition system is tested. The results show that the system can meet the requirements.

Design of a mining carbon monoxide sensor and analysis of multi-gas cross-interference performance

Abstract A new type of carbon monoxide sensor is designed to address the issue of cross interference of nitrogen oxide gas in the exhaust emissions of underground diesel engine rubber-tired vehicles with electrochemical carbon monoxide sensors, which leads to frequent false alarm accidents. The hardware circuit design of the DC-DC voltage reduction power supply circuit, display circuit, component signal processing circuit, etc. is detailed, At the same time, the sensitive components used in the sensor adopt a special gas filtration membrane design. Six types of gases, including hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen, ethylene, and acetylene, were sequentially introduced in the laboratory for experimental analysis of multi-gas cross-interference performance. The experimental results have shown that the new carbon monoxide sensor can filter out nitrogen oxide gas, thereby solving the impact of underground rubber tire vehicle exhaust on the accuracy of carbon monoxide gas detection. It has broad prospects for promotion and application in coal mines underground.

Circuit design solutions for underwater detection robots

In recent years, the exploration and utilisation of the environment has become in full swing with the advancement of technology. However, the environment has also suffered a certain degree of damage in the process. As a result of the increasingly serious environmental problems, various environmental issues have become hot spots in society. Among them, marine environmental problems have undoubtedly become one of the focuses of attention. Therefore, the robot design for underwater water quality detection has become an important issue. This paper will mainly focus on the design and research of the hardware circuit system of the underwater detection robot, and give the relevant design scheme. The underwater robot will achieve the following functions: floating suspension at a certain depth in the ocean; synchronously detecting the radiation intensity of x-rays and -rays underwater and transmitting the data to the ground to achieve real-time monitoring; maintaining the dynamic balance in the water. Therefore, this paper analyses the pressure sensor circuit, the inertial sensor circuit, the underwater x-ray and -ray detection probe circuit and the DC motor drive circuit, determines the interface relationship of each part, and at the same time, uses the Arduino mega 2560 as the control panel, and provide the appropriate voltage according to the needs of each circuit to achieve the hardware circuit design of the robot.

Overall Scheme Design of Fault Diagnosis for Complex Electronic Systems

Traditional manual testing methods are no longer able to meet the maintenance needs of modern shipboard fire control system board-level circuits. Therefore, the development of intelligent and universal automatic test systems has become an important issue for shipboard fire control system fault detection. This article analyzes the performance and functional requirements of the automatic test system, develops the automatic test system based on PXI bus instruments, and designs an overall solution with signal time-frequency analysis capabilities that can carry out intelligent fault diagnosis for a variety of board-level circuits. On this basis, the design of hardware circuit and software solution is completed. The automatic test system was analyzed on hardware indicators and software functions. On the hardware side, the hardware resource selection was completed based on the hardware indicator requirements. On the software side, the overall software architecture design and the design of each functional module were completed based on the system software functional requirements. Finally, the composition and functions of each module of the system software and the overall operation process are introduced.

Circuit design of a high scanning frequence and fast response laser methane remote sensor

To solve the problem of slow detection of laser methane sensors based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), a methane detection system with a high detection rate was proposed. Focusing on the hardware circuit design of the system which consists of a laser driver circuit, laser temperature control circuit, optical amplifier and filter circuit and main control circuit based on FPGA+ARM, this circuit is designed to achieve a laser scanning frequency of 50 kHz. A voltage-controlled current source is designed to drive the laser diode (LD). A TEC controller is designed to keep the operating temperature of the laser diode stable. Since the photocurrent can be very weak, to ensure the quality of signals from the photodiode (PD), a signal collection circuit consisting of the transimpedance amplifier, gain-controlled amplifier and low-pass filter was designed. An experiment is carried out to test system measurement capabilities. The results show the circuit can reach a response time of 2.5 ms while ensuring a measurement error of less than 4.3%.

Design of a non-invasive blood pressure simulator based on oscillographic method

In this article, a non-invasive blood pressure simulation system based on the oscillographic method is proposed, and a piston-connecting rod-type variable air chamber is designed and installed in the system as the pulse waveform generation mechanism. It uses PWM constant current control and ultra-small subdivision technology to control the linear stepping motor to achieve stable and accurate displacement and to reproduce the pulse wave according to the blood pressure envelope, to simulate ambulatory blood pressure. In this article, a hardware circuit design scheme is also put forward, including a power supply circuit, pressure acquisition feedback circuit, stepping motor drive circuit, and so on. The experimental results show that the simulator can meet the requirements of JJF 1626-2017 Calibration Specification for NIBP Simulators and can be used as a calibration standard with efficiency and accuracy.

Portable Intelligent Electromagnetic Flowmeter Controlled by Magnetic Induction Intensity

In this paper, we propose a portable intrinsically safe, intelligent electromagnetic flowmeter for the application of coal mines and provide a detailed description of its working principle. In terms of hardware circuit design, several important modules, including electromagnetic flow rate sensor, excitation circuit, core control circuit, signal conditioning circuit, and air traffic control detection circuit, were analyzed and designed in sequence. It adopts a high-performance, low-power MCU STM32407ZET6 and high-precision chips, ensuring measurement accuracy and reducing power consumption. The excitation method using low-frequency rectangular waves dynamically adjusts the sampling interval time, further prolonging the battery life. Finally, the performance of the electromagnetic flowmeter was measured, and the experimental data showed that the measured flow rate was basically linear with the output voltage. The relative indication error of the electromagnetic flowmeter was within 0.3%, and the repeatability fluctuated within the range of 0.03%. The flowmeter has good measurement accuracy, which is suitable for long-term use in coal mining environments.

A low power circuit design of BLE baseband transmission data processing module

With the quickly development of the Internet of Things technology, Bluetooth (BLE) protocol has been increasingly adopted in consumer communication applications, industry communication utilization, and even positioning requirement, due to its advantages such as low power consumption, low cost, and low complexity. Especially the outstanding low power capability compared with other short-range communication protocol, many power limited AIoT (Artificial Intelligence IoT) devices select BLE as basic component. So, the low power, high performance, and small area BLE module become the key point of successful of whole AIoT system. In BLE system, the baseband data processing is the foundation. A good hardware circuit design of BLE baseband can improve BLE module performance and decrease power simultaneously. This paper analyzes the baseband data processing function of BLE in detail, and designs the baseband transmission data processing RTL circuit IP using Verilog HDL Hardware description language based on BLE protocol. The IP includes CRC verification module, whitening module and coding mapping function module. The RTL design is simulated and evaluated in workstation server with Synopsys VCS tool. The simulation results show that this design can achieve the Low-power BLE Bluetooth baseband function.

Hardware–Software Embedded System for Real-Time Trajectory Planning of Multi-Axis Machine Using B-Spline Curve Interpolation Algorithm

This paper proposes a B-spline trajectory algorithm to realize multi-axis trajectory interpolation and analyzes the operating accuracy in an embedded system. However, the existing trajectory generation method needs to use computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software to convert the interpolating trajectory into G code and download the code into the computer numerical control (CNC) system for processing. In this paper, the method of third-degree B-spline interpolation is proposed to generate a curved surface trajectory, and the trajectory generated by this algorithm can be run directly into a CNC system. The precision analysis of the ISO parameter segmentation interpolation algorithm and the theory of constant velocity motion is also presented. The significance of this project is that it designs a complete set of embedded systems, including hardware circuit design and software logic design, and uses low-cost STM32 architecture to realize a B-spline constant-speed interpolation algorithm, which is verified on CNC polishing equipment. A simulation conducted with the MATLAB software and the B-spline curve interpolation experiments performed on a multi-axis polishing machine tool demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the optimized third-degree B-spline algorithm.

Design of Plastic Sealed Brushless Motor Controller Based on Hall Effect

With the rapid development of electronic technology, brushless DC motors (BLDCM) are widely used in various fields such as electronics, industrial control, and the medical field because of their high efficiency, noiselessness, and high speed. However, the traditional BLDCM has large torque and cannot accurately determine the rotor position information. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of a Hall sensor controller to control the BLDCM and carries out the hardware circuit design of the motor driver circuit, Hall circuit, power supply circuit, etc., and the program control of STM32, and carries out the software design of PWM interrupt subroutine, AD picking like the program, etc., to realize the Hall effect sensor. The control of BLDCM is carried out.

Research on High Precision Temperature Acquisition System for Radiofrequency Ablation System

RFA (radiofrequency ablation) is a new type of tumor treatment in recent decades. It has excellent effects in treating certain tumors. Radiofrequency ablation technology is a physical-type treatment technology. At present, RF ablation technology has been very successful in medical clinics. Radiofrequency ablator, as a kind of medical device, implemented directly on the organs, which must ensure good stability and high safety. RF ablators can work in temperature control mode. In this mode, the accuracy of temperature sampling is critical. When working in temperature control mode, the ablator must monitor the temperature of the polar needle tip in real time. In this paper, we study the temperature sampling system for RF ablators, including hardware circuit design and filtering algorithm design.

Heating Facilities Temperature Control System in Turiba University

Abstract The paper presents results on design and implementation the monitoring system to control temperature of heating facilities in Turiba university. Key point of the project was implementation the internet of things ideas into proposed system. A design and prototyping of hardware circuits, including used sensors and hardware control and communication boards based on Raspberry PI Pico platform, is described. Developed software solution for the control board, implemented with the use of MicroPython programming language, and user interface with the use of JavaScript programming language, are presented. Results of experimental verification of developed solutions confirmed correctness of all anticipated results. Developed platform could be used for further investigation on microclimate control systems for buildings.

Hardware Circuit Design of Intelligent Induction Control Classified Garbage Can

This design is based on the STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer and the integration of various multi-function modules to complete the overall system control. It is composed of the core modules of humidity detection, relay drive, metal detection, intelligent alarm, MQ-2 smoke sensor, infrared sensing, ultrasonic detection, etc. We collect specific information through ultrasonic testing, and LCD1602 displays the current status; an infrared sensor and a smoke sensor are used for relevant monitoring; a humidity sensor and metal sensor automatically remind us to classify and put garbage; a relay analog control trash can automatically open and close. The system has the characteristics of ideal performance, low cost, convenient design, simple structure, and intelligence. It has found a feasible solution for the current environmental pollution problem to do garbage classification and treatment. It can play an important role in smart homes, smart campuses, intelligent transportation, telemedicine, and other fields, and will have a broader market prospect and application fields.

Single Position ECG Detection System Based on Charge Induction

With the growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in recent decades, the demand for out-of-hospital real-time ECG monitoring is increasing day by day, which promotes the research and development of portable ECG monitoring equipment. At present, two main categories of ECG monitoring devices are “limb lead ECG recording devices” and “chest lead ECG recording devices”, which both require at least two electrodes. The former needs to complete the detection by means of a two-hand lap joint. This will seriously affect the normal activities of users. The electrodes used by the latter also need to be kept at a certain distance, usually more than 10 cm, to ensure the accuracy of the detection results. Decreasing the electrode spacing of the existing ECG detection equipment or reducing the area required for detection will be more conducive to improving the integration of the out-of-hospital portable ECG technologies. Therefore, a single-position ECG system based on charge induction is proposed to realize ECG detection on the surface of the human body with only one electrode with a diameter of less than 2 cm. Firstly, the ECG waveform detected in a single location is simulated by analyzing the electrophysiological activities of the human heart on the human body surface with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software. Then, the hardware circuit design of the system and the host computer are developed and the test is performed. Finally, experiments for static and dynamic ECG monitoring are carried out and the heart rate correlation coefficients are 0.9698 and 0.9802, respectively, which proves the reliability and data accuracy of the system.

Image lossless compression algorithm optimization and FPGA implementation

In this thesis, a minimum redundant prefix coding with higher compression ratio and lower time complexity is proposed for lossless compression of HD images. The compression algorithm is based on Canonical Huffman coding, preprocesses the data source to be compressed according to the image data features, and then compresses the data in batches using the locally uneven features in the data, which improves the compression ratio by 1.678 times compared with the traditional canonical Huffman coding. During the implementation of the algorithm, the counting sorting method with lower time complexity and the code-length table construction method without relying on binary trees are used to reduce the complexity of the algorithm and achieve the purpose of real-time data processing by the system. Finally, the proposed compression algorithm is deployed in FPGA to improve the encoding rate by parallel hardware circuit and pipeline design.

Vehicle Information Acquisition and Communication System Based on Multi-Satellite Fusion, CAN Bus and GPS

This paper proposes a GPS and GPRS-based multifunctional vehicle terminal design scheme, which uses an embedded platform based on S3C2440 (bit 23 microprocessor of ARM920T core) and operating system, expands GPS navigation module and GPRS module, video surveillance The module integrates the CAN bus interface to realize vehicle navigation, wireless Internet access, CAN bus communication, and video monitoring functions, and fully meets people's requirements for car safety, convenience and comfort. The GPRS navigation module selects the JP13 receiver, and completes the related hardware circuit design. The navigation system adopts navigation software design based on the eSuperMap platform, which can realize electronic map display and operation, satellite positioning information display, path analysis, navigation and other functions.