Design Of Chemical Equipment Research Articles

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ И РАСЧЕТА МНОГОСЛОЙНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ В ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ АППАРАТУРЕ С ТЕПЛООБМЕННЫМИ УСТРОЙСТВАМИ

The article analyzes the features of the operation of double-layer steels and bimetals, the ad-vantages and disadvantages of these structural materials are indicated. The main problems that are when welding joints made of double-layer steels are listed. The influence of the contact thermal resistance of a heat transfer surface made of multilayer materials on the intensity of heat exchange is considered. An approach to the determination of contact thermal resistance is proposed. The necessity of taking into account the contact thermal resistance in the design of chemical equipment with heat exchange devices made of double-layer steels and bimetals is shown

Experimental and numerical study on connecting pipe and vessel size effects on methane–air explosions in interconnected vessels

The size effects on a methane–air mixture explosion in the interconnected vessels were investigated in this article. The vessels were interconnected by pipes of various lengths or diameters. Varied pipe lengths were analyzed by experiment. The results indicate that the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise in the primary and secondary vessels increase with pipe length. To investigate the effects of pipe diameter and volume ratio on methane–air mixtures’ explosion in the interconnected vessels, a computational fluid dynamics model was implemented. The model was validated by comparison with experimental results. A fair agreement was observed between the simulation results and experimental data. The simulation results indicate that an increase in the pipe diameter will reduce the danger of explosion. The maximum explosion pressure in both vessels increases when the volume ratio increases. When the primary vessel is larger than the secondary vessel, the maximum rate of pressure rise in the primary vessel decreases with volume ratio. However, the maximum rate of pressure rise in the secondary vessel increases. The maximum rate of pressure rise changes inconspicuously while the secondary vessel is larger than the primary one. Hence, the cubic-root law is not applicable to an explosion in the interconnected vessels. These conclusions can support the safe design of chemical equipment.

Experimental study of the initial pressure effect on methane‐air explosions in linked vessels

This study experimentally addresses the pressure evolution during the closed and vented explosion progress of a methane‐air mixture ([CH4 = 10%]) in different vessel‐pipeline configurations at ambient initial temperature and different initial pressures. Based on the experimental measurements, it is found that the maximum values of both closed and vented explosion pressure increase linearly with the initial pressure in isolated and linked vessel scenarios. Compared with a vented explosion, the initial pressure has a greater impact on the explosion overpressure in an isolated vessel and a single spherical vessel connected to a pipe during a closed explosion. For the configuration of two spherical vessels connected by a pipe, the explosion overpressure in the primary vessel is always lower than that in the secondary vessel during both closed and vented explosions at each initial pressure. According to Chapman‐Jouget Detonation Theory (C‐J detonation theory), when the ignition is located in a large vessel, detonation is observed in the secondary vessel at an initial pressure of 0.08 MPa. The vent position and ignition position both have an influence on the extent of variation of the pressure differential between two vessels with a given initial pressure. For the configuration of a single vessel connected to a pipe, the initial pressure influences the maximum explosion pressure and vented explosion overpressure least in a small vessel when the ignition position is located in the small vessel. These conclusions can provide references for the safety design of chemical equipment. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:86–94, 2018

CHISA – Worldwide Meeting for Chemical Engineers in the Heart of Europe

AbstractNo abstract.

Density of aqueous choline chloride-based ionic liquids analogues

Ionic liquids analogues known as Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are increasingly realized in many chemical and industrial applications. The physical and chemical characteristics of these fluids are affected considerably by their moisture content. This study focuses on the evaluation and prediction of the density of choline chloride-based DES aqueous mixtures. The study involved six well known DESs with water mole fraction ranging between 0 and 1 within the temperature range (298.15–353.15K). Since, the density of pure DESs is more than that of water, the resulting aqueous mixtures density trends were similar. The Jouyban-Acree mixture density correlation was adopted for each DES mixture separately with very good prediction accuracy. In addition, an alternative modified model was suggested. This model is capable of predicting all DES mixtures density data based on their corresponding critical properties. Negative excess molar volume suggests formation of stronger H-bond and a more extensive H-bond network within the mixture. This is enhanced by the packing effect created by difference between the molecular structures of the DES and water. The aqueous DES solutions density model presented in this work may assist in evaluating the effect of moisture content on this important physical property. This will further help in adopting proper chemical equipment design considerations and relevant process modeling and simulation calculations.

Analysis of 3D printing possibilities for the development of practical applications in synthetic organic chemistry

The possibility of rapid manufacturing of customized chemical labware and reactionware by three-dimensional (3D) printing is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach to the design of chemical equipment from different engineering plastics were demonstrated and the suitability of some materials for chemical applications was estimated: PP > PLA > > ABS > PETG (PP is polypropylene, PLA is polylactide, ABS is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and PETG is polyethylene terephthalate glycol). The procedure described is a powerful tool for the production of both typical and unique chemical labware; to date, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method is already available for the everyday use in chemical laboratories. The examples of successful application of 3D-printed products were demonstrated: solvent resistance and impermeability were assessed, as well as Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed cross-coupling between p-bromotoluene and phenylboronic acid and Ni(acac)2-catalyzed hydrothiolation of alkyne with thiophenol were performed.

An Approach to Smart Information Support of Decision-Making in the Design of Chemical Equipment

The structure and components of a virtual office intended for automation of the design of chemical equipment and to help students study the basics of design and construction of chemical equipment is described. An approach to the addition of smart features to a virtual office with the use of a relational database for knowledge storage is proposed. The structure of a database containing production rules is considered using as an example a base of standard dimensions of elements of chemical equipment.

Nowe materiały i technologie w budowie aparatury chemicznej

Nowe materiały i technologie w budowie aparatury chemicznej

1A11 化学装置設計製図におけるCADの導入と教育効果((02)専門科目の講義・演習-II,口頭発表)

1A11 化学装置設計製図におけるCADの導入と教育効果((02)専門科目の講義・演習-II,口頭発表)

Priorities in the design of chemical shops at coke plants

Recent trends in the design of chemical equipment at coke plants are described, through the lens of experience at Giprokoks. Some technological equipment is briefly characterized.

Measurement of diffusion coefficient of transparent liquid solutions using Michelson interferometer

The study of diffusivity is important for the design of chemical equipment and its knowledge is needed for mass transfer studies and is the most fundamental property of any chemical system in which the chemical engineers are interested. Here, we report a new interferometric technique to determine the diffusion coefficient of transparent liquid solutions using Michelson interferometer geometry. The experimental cell containing the diffusing solution was kept in one of the arms of Michelson Interferometer. The liquids of differing concentrations were introduced in the cell. Two separate circular interference fringe systems were formed due to the two solutions and they were recorded on a PC using a CCD camera. The time variation of these interferograms yields the diffusion coefficient. The obtained diffusivity values matched very well with the existing experimental results. Detailed theoretical and experimental analysis is given in the paper.