Design Of Biometric Systems Research Articles

Creation of a Nigerian Voice Corpus for Indigenous Speaker Recognition

One of the goals of Word Bank’s Identification for Development (ID4D) is the realization of robust digital identification systems as a means of sustainable development priority. ID4D’s most recent report shows about 1.1 billion of the world’s population are yet to be identified for development. Africa represents about half of that number while Nigeria represents about a quarter of Africa’s share. Biometrics is the state-of-the-art approach for identification using human behavioral and/or physiological digitally calibrated traits and one such trait is the voice. The backbone of biometric research is the database employed in the design of biometric systems. Although many voice databases are publicly available such as the THCHS-30 for Chinese and Microsoft Indian language Speech Corpus for Indians, none is currently publicly available or free for Nigerians. The creation of such an indigenous database (or corpus) can open doors to Nigerian automatic speaker recognition as well as for indigenous language, ethnicity, gender, age group and emotion classification amongst others. This work is a first step in the direction of creating a Nigerian Voice Corpus (NVC) to aid indigenous voice biometric research. A voice corpus of popular Nigerians was created by curation of audio samples of 14 women and 23 men from YouTube. The corpus contains 10 different samples of 5 seconds duration for each individual resulting in a total of 370 samples. The created corpus was used to carry out speaker recognition experiment by dividing the audio samples into 25ms non-overlapping frame durations. Silent frames were excluded using short-term spectral energy threshold for Voice Activity Detection (VAD). This was followed by extraction of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) as descriptors to discriminate different speakers using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with median Gaussian function. An overall recognition accuracy of 93.24% was achieved demonstrating the feasibility and research potential in this direction.

Security and Accuracy of Fingerprint-Based Biometrics: A Review

Biometric systems are increasingly replacing traditional password- and token-based authentication systems. Security and recognition accuracy are the two most important aspects to consider in designing a biometric system. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented to shed light on the latest developments in the study of fingerprint-based biometrics covering these two aspects with a view to improving system security and recognition accuracy. Based on a thorough analysis and discussion, limitations of existing research work are outlined and suggestions for future work are provided. It is shown in the paper that researchers continue to face challenges in tackling the two most critical attacks to biometric systems, namely, attacks to the user interface and template databases. How to design proper countermeasures to thwart these attacks, thereby providing strong security and yet at the same time maintaining high recognition accuracy, is a hot research topic currently, as well as in the foreseeable future. Moreover, recognition accuracy under non-ideal conditions is more likely to be unsatisfactory and thus needs particular attention in biometric system design. Related challenges and current research trends are also outlined in this paper.

A Systems Approach to Biometrics in the Military Domain.

Forensic biometrics is the application of forensic science principles to physical and behavioral characteristics. Forensic biometrics is a secondary sub-system in the forensic science "system of systems," which describes forensic science as a sub-system in the larger criminal justice, law enforcement, intelligence, and military system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss biometrics in the military domain and integration into the wider forensic science system of systems. The holistic system thinking methodology was applied to the U.S. biometric system to map it to the system of systems framework. The U.S. biometric system is used as a case study to help guide other countries to develop military biometric systems that are integrated and interoperable at the whole-of-government level. The aim is to provide the system of systems framework for agencies to consider for proactive design of biometric systems.

Detection of Fingerprints in Advanced Biometric System Design

The objective of this research is to incorporate fingerprint authentication to thwart the intruders attack in a network. A complete feature extraction process to propose an authentication scheme is presented in this paper. False Acceptance Error and False Rejection Error have been stressed to measure the performance of the proposed scheme. The main finding is to obtain an authentication system with a better strength. Majority of authentication techniques are unable to provide verification efficiency leads to competent negligence without being recognized. The primary goal of this document is to introduce and apply an innovative strategy that customs the finger print modus operandi to enhance a host based attack recognition program in to advance its level of verification.

Biometric Systems Based on Palm Vein Patterns

The work covers issues related to the design of biometric systems based on the hand vascular pattern. The study includes analysis of various stages of biometric systems design ranging from acquisition, feature extraction and biometric pattern creation for verification methods. The extraction methods based on two-dimensional density function and the extraction of the characteristic points – minutiae are presented. The article features the results of tests carried out on two different bases of blood vessels in a hand.

Decision Fusion for Multimodal Biometrics Using Social Network Analysis

This paper presents for the first time decision fusion for multimodal biometric system using social network analysis (SNA). The main challenge in the design of biometric systems, at present, lies in unavailability of high-quality data to ensure consistently high recognition results. Resorting to multimodal biometric partially solves the problem, however, issues with dimensionality reduction, classifier selection, and aggregated decision making remain. The presented methodology successfully overcomes the problem through employing novel decision fusion using SNA. While several types of feature extractors can be used to reduce the dimension and identify significant features, we chose the Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis as one of the most efficient methods. Social networks are constructed based on similarity and correlation of features among the classes. The final classification result is generated based on the two levels of decision fusion methods. At the first level, individual biometrics (face or ear or signature) are classified using matching score methodology. SNA is used to reinforce the confidence level of the classifier to reduce the error rate. In the second level, outcomes of classification based on individual biometrics are fused together to obtain the final decision.

8.1.1 Enhancing the Usability of Human Machine Interface on the Handheld Interagency Identification Detection Equipment (HIIDE™)

AbstractAn essential element of a biometric system is the human machine interface (HMI), both from the user (administrator) and subject perspectives. The HMI has a significant impact on the performance of the system, as it is a key factor in the quality of the biometric sample collected. This paper will consider the implications of the HMI from the user perspective, analyzing the results of user experiences and training with the Handheld Interagency Identity Detection Equipment (HIIDE) Series 4, a device used by the Department of Defense in Iraq and Afghanistan. Results of this task analysis will be in the form of recommendations and considerations for the development of future collection systems. The paper will also provide a preliminary review of the recently released HIIDE Series 5 device and conclude by presenting the Systems Engineering (SE) based process used in this analysis as well as recommendations for including select SE practices in future biometric system design and development.