Architecture Design Environment Research Articles

ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ТЕАТРАЛЬНО-ВИДОВИЩНИХ ЦЕНТРІВ ДЛЯ ДІТЕЙ ТА МОЛОДІ (на прикладі досвіду кафедри дизайну архітектурного середовища)

The article explores the influence of educational, research, and competitive design of theatrical and spectacle buildings developed by professors and students of the Department of Architectural Environment Design at the Institute of Architecture and Design National University "Lviv Polytechnic". Within the framework of the contemporary cultural and educational environment, where active youth participation is a vital component of cultural development, there is a necessity for the creation of adaptive, innovative spaces for creativity and communication. The persistence of outdated architectural forms, characteristic of the Soviet period, particularly in segments like theaters for young audiences and puppet theaters, is emphasized. The absence of innovation in these types of structures at the beginning of the 21st century is noted, especially concerning theatrical and spectacle institutions such as theaters for young audiences and puppet theaters, which continue to exist but do not meet the modern needs for quality cultural education of Ukrainian youth. An analysis of over ten projects at all levels shows that a significant portion not only reproduces the concepts of architects from the second half of the 20th century but also incorporates elements inherited from theatrical and spectacle buildings of the former USSR. However, in recent years, the Lviv architectural school, particularly following the establishment of the Department of Architectural Environment Design, has shown a tendency towards experimentation and the search for innovative solutions for the architecture of the future. This is evidenced by the results of educational and competitive design projects, as well as the introduction of special courses that revive the ideas of futuristic architecture from the last century. Achievements in this field reflect the architectural visions of renowned masters such as F. Kiesler and I. Leonidov, as well as contemporary researchers like A. Quarmby, K. Tange, B. Fuller, G. Golmin and G. Kreiger, who explore the possibilities of future architecture. The article provides a classification of theatrical and spectacle centers for children and youth. The author discusses factors that continue to negatively impact the development of theatrical and spectacle centers in Ukraine in the future. The experience of designing research, educational, and competitive projects, exemplified by the activities of the Department of Architectural Environment Design, demonstrates that it can find application in the applied architectural and construction industry of the country as a whole.

INTEGRATION OF BIONICS AND PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE TRAINING OF ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT DESIGN STUDENTS

The article substantiates the relevance of changing the methodological approach to the content of the disciplines of the introductory propaedeutic course for architectural environment design students. The authors consider the possibility of integrating elements of the disciplines “Bionics” and “Introduction to Professional Activities” in studying the fundamentals of professional training, proposing the use of bionic components as an alternative to abstract shaping, built on the geometrisation of compositional elements. The proposed methodological changes are based on the study of the historical prerequisites for the formation of the discipline “Introduction to Professional Activities”. The authors of the article compare the methodological content of creative tasks in the introductory disciplines and propose an approach aimed at increasing the productivity of mastering professional competencies based on the synthesis of imaginative search and functionality in the process of training future designers of the architectural environment.

Research on the application status and countermeasures of traditional architectural elements in architectural environment design

Traditional architectural elements carry our excellent traditional culture, contain rich connotation, and are the valuable wealth of modern architectural environment design research and reference. However, the application of traditional architectural elements in the architectural environment design has some problems, such as homogenization and does not reflect the connotation of traditional architectural elements. The effective integration of traditional architectural elements and architectural environment design is of great significance to the development, inheritance of traditional architectural elements and the development of architectural environment design engineering. On the basis of understanding the design characteristics of the architectural environment art, this paper analyzes the current situation of the traditional architectural elements in the architectural environment design, and puts forward the countermeasures to effectively integrate the traditional architectural elements and the architectural environment design. In order to combine the traditional architectural elements with the development needs and use functions of architectural environment design in the new era, enrich the connotation of architecture and improve the artistic aesthetic level of architectural environment design.

КАФЕДРА ДИЗАЙНУ АРХІТЕКТУРНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ «ЛЬВІВСЬКА ПОЛІТЕХНІКА». ПОХОДЖЕННЯ І РОЗВИТОК (ДО 20 РІЧНИЦІ З ДНЯ СТВОРЕННЯ)

The article highlights the activities of the department of architectural environment design of the Lviv Polytechnic National University over 20 years of the 21st century. Since it’s opening on November 28, 2003. It is highlighted why and how it was possible to implement educational ideas, which will be the basis of the concept of educational and creative activity of the department. The directions and catalysts of educational processes, means and measures for activating the individual educational potential of students are highlighted. Named teachers and their contribution to the department development. Named educational, scientific and design experiments, which are conducted at the department to establish new principles of design of the architectural environment, to rebuild destroyed buildings and revive distorted landscapes during the war in Ukraine and after the victory over the Russian Federation.

Conceptuality and rationality in underground spaces transport interchange hub organization

The article substantiates the necessity of combining modern methods of underground urban planning in areas of special urban planning value, which include transport interchanges and their adjacent territories. Techniques for the rational organization of service facilities and prospects for the development of accompanying functional areas are formulates. A modern multi-functional complex as part of a transport interchange hubs requires the use of new means of forming the architectural environment: external and internal organization of underground space. The purpose of the publication is to argue for the optimization of the development of public service facilities of transport interchanges due to the organization of underground spaces and to determine the main advantages of rationality. Analysis of the Utrecht and Berlin stations as examples of European experience in the operation and development of transport hubs demonstrates the main advantages of rationality in the organization of underground spaces. The concept, which reorganizes transfer points into small businesses and shopping centers, integrates them into underground spaces: places for holding exhibitions and business events, conference halls. Effective using of land resources helps to free up the territory for pedestrian areas. Using of modern technologies in the field of energy efficiency and ecology correspond to the direction of sustainable development; separation of traffic and pedestrian flows, organization of the shortest paths to various types of transport and evacuation are beneficial when used as a shelter; economic efficiency increases the urban value of the territory. The topic of conceptual design, introduced at the Department of Architectural Environment Design in Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture when developing a highly urbanized transport hub in accordance with the concept of the location of high-rise buildings in Kyiv, approved by the Academy of Architecture of Ukraine.

The positive effects of architectural environmental space design on psychological anxiety individuals from the perspective of design psychology

BackgroundAnxiety disorder is a common psychological disorder in modern life, which has had a huge impact on people’s lives. Reasonable architectural environment design can alleviate the anxiety of individuals with psychological anxiety and help alleviate their discomfort.Subjects and Methods500 survey questionnaires on the impact of building environment on residents and GAD-2 questionnaire were selected from a certain city population in June 2021. Among them, there are 275 males and 225 females. The residential questionnaire includes five aspects of residents’ anxiety about residential area, floor height, bedroom layout, residential orientation, and building type. The GAD-2 questionnaire includes residents’ anxiety level. The collected information was statistically analyzed using SPSS3.0 software.ResultsAccording to the correlation analysis results of SPSS software, there is a negative correlation between residential area and anxiety level. There is no correlation between floor height and anxiety level, with a p-value greater than 0.05. There is a correlation between bedroom layout and anxiety level, with a p-value less than 0.05. There is a correlation between residential orientation and anxiety level, with a p-value less than 0.05. There is a correlation between building type and anxiety level, with a p-value less than 0.05. Moreover, the anxiety level of residents in residential areas is lower than that of residents in apartment buildings.ConclusionsReasonable architectural environment design has a positive impact on individuals with psychological anxiety. By introducing reasonable lighting design, spatial layout, and functional zoning, the tension and anxiety of anxious individuals can be reduced.

АКТУАЛЬНІ НАПРЯМИ АРХІТЕКТУРНОЇ ОСВІТИ НА КАФЕДРІ ДАС НУ «ЛЬВІВСЬКА ПОЛІТЕХНІКА» В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ ТА ПІСЛЯ ПЕРЕМОГИ

As of the beginning of 2023, the destruction of many facilities and the environment as a result of the war unleashed by the Russian aggressor in Ukraine has made it urgent to rebuild everything lost not only in peacetime, after the victory, but also now, when active hostilities are underway. The challenge of today is to quickly and effectively restore everything that has been destroyed and create new opportunities for the near and far future. A lot has been lost: more than 149.3 thousand residential buildings; 3 thousand secondary, pre-school and higher education institutions; almost 1500 cultural, sports and tourism facilities; about 100 religious sites; 330 hospitals; 595 administrative buildings and much more. Our society will never be able to fully restore the architecture and environment of Ukraine, relying only on measures initiated by the authorities from above. Financial and organizational support alone is not enough to revive everything destroyed by the war in Ukrainian cities and towns. And the architecture of Ukraine can be restored not so much by foreign architectural stars as by our own, Ukrainian creators of architecture. Architectural education is also of great importance in this process. After all, senior students will be the direct implementers of the ideas that are being generated today. Therefore, their training, both theoretical and practical, should be developed now in the process of studying at higher education institutions. The article highlights a wide range of works that were performed by students of the Department of Architectural Environment Design as part of their training and diploma design for the needs of rebuilding Ukraine after the Russian invasion. The article also emphasizes the relevance of using tasks related to the restoration of public housing and landscape objects in the educational process of training future personnel, whose professional activity will begin at the beginning of the main phase of the renovation of cities and settlements. This practice will allow students to better adapt and become competitive in the current labor market.

Atrium on the university campus

The article discusses atrium spaces in the university environment. The subject of the study is the architectural and design organization of informal learning spaces (open atriums). The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of the practical implementation of the ideas and principles of using atrium spaces in the design of the learning environment, including when developing a detailed plan for the creation of an intercollegiate campus on the basis of the Pacific National University (PNU) in the city of Khabarovsk. Campus concepts involve a large number of open educational spaces and transformable classrooms. Particular attention is paid to the study of students' preferences in determining the key characteristics of spaces for informal learning that determine their use. The novelty of the research may be the identification of design features of informal learning spaces (open atriums) and consideration of techniques for shaping environmental objects of this type from general design principles to the development of subject content. The case study was conducted at the Department of Architectural Environment Design of Pacific National University. Mixed research methods were used, including observation, visual analysis, questionnaires and interviews, as well as testing of theoretical conclusions in diploma and course projects of students of PNU. The main results of the work are the basis for further research and can be used to develop future strategies for designing informal learning spaces.

РОЗВИТОК АРХІТЕКТУРИ ДУХОВНО-ГУМАНІТАРНИХ ОСВІТНІХ ЗАКЛАДІВ В УКРАЇНІ (на прикладі наукової діяльності навчально-пошукового проєктування кафедри дизайну ар- хітектурного середовища НУ “Львівська політехніка”)

The article highlights the results of special research and research development design of the Department of Architectural Environment Design (DAS) of a new educational institution type – spiritual and humanitarian, which may become a priority in determining the doctrine of higher education in Ukraine. The results are formed both from the scientific and practical experience of leading scientists in this field in Ukraine – R. Stotska, V. Proskuryakov, O. Zhovkva, etc., and educational and research design by the Department of AED of the Academy of PCU in Lutsk. As a comprehensive approach in the design of spiritual and humanitarian institutions in Ukraine, which has not yet been reflected in national regulations. For the presentation of the educational design, several students projects of IV–V courses were selected, the best of which were the works of V. Khyzhnyuk, K. Pidkostelna, U. Grechka, Y. Cholavyn, V. Volyanska. In the architecture of the Academy they designed, in addition to metaphors from regional and historical Ukrainian sacred architecture, the best ideas of modern world solutions were used.

Form-Finding Method of Site Road from the Perspective of Meta-Design

Site road alignment is one of the main elements of architectural environmental design [B. Holdsworth, Refocus 6(1) (2005) 58–60]. It is difficult for traditional methods to achieve both qualitative exploration and quantitative optimization objectives, and optimization algorithms can only optimize quantitative objectives. On the other hand, the shape of the site road is subject to various other human interventions besides the designer, which is a multi-objective problem. Based on the idea of meta-design, this paper proposes a new method for “form-finding” of site roads. This method develops the architecture and components of an expert system, which can handle both qualitative and quantitative objectives in conceptual design, and can realize various human interventions. Component development combines site specification, recursive algorithm, and genetic algorithm, which treats human intervention as a factor of variation, allows for qualitative exploration of different preferences, and finally demonstrates the capabilities of this new approach through case studies.

A word about Mital

It is the first attempt to comprehensively study the professional activities of the Irkutsk architect K. V. Mital. The author follows typical features of life and artistic journey of a provincial architect during the change of historical epochs in the first third of the 20th century. The author reveals the specific features of adaptation of provincial architects to the new aesthetic aspirations of the time, their ability to reconsider their creative views on the basis of political and ideological factors. The article allows to expand the historical knowledge about the period of formation of domestic architecture in provincial cities, which are geographically distant from the centre of the country. Designed for architecture professionals, teachers, postgraduates, students specializing in “Architecture”, “Design of Architectural Environment”, “Theory and History of Culture”, “History”, “Cultural Studies”, as well as a wide range of people interested in regional architecture.

Structural Optimization of Architectural Environmental Art Design Based on Multiagent Simulation System

Underthe background of the new era, the architectural environment design is constantly changing. Architectural environment design is to beautify the environment and provide people with a pleasant architectural environment. No matter what time, beauty is the eternal theme and the pursuit of people. Structural bionic design is based on the natural prototype, which is transformed into understandable digital or technical models by extracting relevant structural and behavioral features as design elements. The application of this design technique in architectural devices not only has strong structural logic but also artistic beauty, and can form novel spatial form and structural form of architectural devices. By analyzing the present situation and existing problems of theoretical research and simulation experiment of multiagent system, the necessity of designing a multiagent system planning algorithm and developing distributed real-time simulation experiment system is pointed out. A good environmental art design scheme can be designed in many different styles, and the performance of the design renderings will also appear in different pictures. The really chosen design scheme depends on the designer’s conception theme and then look at the performance of the renderings. In recent years, the emergence of multiagent has had a great impact on building environment design. Multiagent technology is a comprehensive information technology that integrates artificial intelligence, network, digital, and other technologies.

Study on Architectural Design and Indoor Space Environment Art

Study on Architectural Design and Indoor Space Environment Art

SOME ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE INFORMATION-EMOTIONAL COMPONENT OF THE DESIGN OF THE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT

The article highlights some aspects of the formation of the information-emotional component of the design of architectural environment, taking into account the concept of biophilic design and the development of modern information technologies. It is shown, that the formation of positive emotions in a person on the general level of perception corresponds to the concept of biophilic design. The historical analysis of the origin of the term and the development of the concept of biophilic design in the design of modern architectural environment of the city, as well as factors confirming its relevance are given. According to the studies, the biophilic approach can also be considered as the basis for the implementation of the idea of sustainable development, declaring the greening of relationship between the man and nature. At the same time, with the development of information technologies, one of the urgent tasks of design practice is the creation of dynamic scenarios for the the organization of the urban environment, which today can have a hybrid nature (both digital and physical content). The analysis of the level of organization of such hybrid spaces in Kyiv is given and the means of implementing dynamic scenarios are determined. Taking into account the above trends, the concept of designing a public interior space is proposed, according to which, a partial reproduction of a figurative solution that does not exist, but is familiar from films or books, can be involved in order to form an abstract-logical informative environment that contributes to the emergence of positive emotions at the general level of perception.

Design strategies and health planning to improve the primary health care environment: a case study in Brazil

PurposeThe research outlined in this paper highlights the importance of certain factors related to primary health care buildings’ physical environment, such as the facility size, the functional efficiency, and the health planning of public areas in the health centers to improve the architectural space of health facilities.Design/methodology/approachThis study was performed using a mixed method. Data collection was carried out through observational research and descriptive analysis in six primary health care facilities in Salvador and Lauro de Freitas, Brazil.FindingsBased on this study’s results, facility capacity, functional efficiency and space accessibility have been considered the facilities’ main problems in the investigated context. The impact of the users’ perspective on healthcare facilities was assessed for each of these three criteria to verify the results obtained. Furthermore, most of the parameters were not satisfied, as the buildings analyzed had defects in their physical environment. Therefore, it is necessary to review and pay more attention to the architecture of these cities’ primary health care units.Originality/valueThe present study addresses the architectural environment design in Brazil’s healthcare facilities, which still have gaps. Improving the physical space of a health center ensures that the approach used in this research also applies to other health centers in similar contexts. The awareness that space’s activities and configurations will change according to each territory examined will open up so many investigation worlds.

SEARCH FOR ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS OF PRILUKY DEVELOPMENT AS A COMPONENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT DESIGN IN THE LVIV POLYTECHNIC NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

The article shows the place of competitive design in the educational process of the Department of Architectural Environment Design. The students' works were performed according to real tasks presented by the Pryluky city administration in Chernihiv region. These projects were interesting because they opened up very different tasks related to the design of the architectural environment in the city: from large conceptual solutions to narrow and pragmatic topics, which allowed us to move away from abstract universal exercises that have long been studied by academic schools. The semester, which was devoted to finding new concepts for the development of the architectural environment of Pryluky, highlighted the differences between educational and real design and allowed to bring students closer to the tasks that await them in future professional life.

Идеографический словарь архитектурно-дизайнерской терминологии русского языка

The article discusses reasons for compiling a dictionary of architectural and design terms in the Russian language. The topicality of creating it is connected with the brisk growth of design activity, the branching out of a new training program, Design of Architectural Environment, and the absence of a linguistic terminological dictionary of this professional sphere. The aim of the article is to describe the conception of an ideographic dictionary of Russian architectural and design terminology. The dictionary is based on the special language of architecture and design selected from terminological reference books, educational materials and research literature, commercial catalogues, professional weblogs, websites, and e-commerce sites. The dictionary defines not only terms, but also terminoids, preterms and quasi-terms, and pays special attention to the foreign terminological units and neologisms. This is caused by the under-investigated functional lexis of the architectural environment design sphere, variability and movability of its concepts and terms. The research methods and techniques used in the study are: the lexicographical method with the research techniques of thematic (ideographic) arrangement, definition, componential and contextual analyses. The chosen type of an ideographic dictionary defined its marco-structure: it is represented by a system of thematic groups, subgroups and microgroups, contributes to the development of a holistic professional worldview, and facilitates work with the dictionary. The microstructure shows the content of a lexical entry including core and optional components as well as its design. The core components include the headword with its variants, their stresses and pronunciation features, information on the word’s grammar, its definition and examples of its usage in professional speech. The optional components (etymology, derivatives, terminological collocations with the headword, analogues, synonyms and illustrations) are used as supplementary characteristics of a lexical item if available. Definitions are made by the principle of generic, genetic, operational and contextual explanations with elements of encyclopedic information. The dictionary is intended for linguists, terminologists, students and teachers of the disciplines of the Design of the Architectural Environment training programs, and is of interest to professionals in this field

COMPETITIVE DESIGN BASED ON THE TASKS OF REAL CUSTOMERS IN THE ARCHITECTURAL SCHOOL AS A NEW VECTOR FOR THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL EDUCATION OF THE FUTURE (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT DESIGN IN THE LVIV POLYTECHIC

The article highlights the place of competitive design based on the tasks of real customers in the educational process of students of the Lviv architectural school – at the Department of Architectural Environment Design. An important component of education at the department was competitive futuristic design in the form of international and national student design seminars and competitions. The purpose of this vector is to prepare our students for the strict conditions of the need to comply with regulatory requirements in real design and at the same time teach them to experiment freely and creatively. The more complex the project task, methodology, and requirements for its implementation, and the more restrictions there are in the project, the better and more efficient the imagination should work. Participation of students in educational competitive design based on the tasks of real customers helps to educate and study them not by artisans with limited creative imagination, but by master artists and at the same time highly educated professional engineers. In the competitive projects made under real orders, special ones were those that were developed in 2021, because they were carried out taking into account the problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among them, projects for the best draft proposal of a new architectural solution and expansion of the functions of the Panorama shopping centre in Odesa stand out. These projects are valuable because they were solved not only in one aspect – by offering only typological, spatial, functional or architectural and aesthetic ideas, but by taking them syncretically all together. Teachers of the Department of Architectural Environment Design are convinced that this practice can significantly enrich the educational process because it teaches students to work in teams, use all the special knowledge acquired during their studies in the field of architecture, create without feeling barriers between educational, search, experimental, competitive and real design.

IDEAS OF "PAPER ARCHITECTURE" IN THE EDUCATIONAL FUTURISTIC DESIGN BY THE LVIV ARCHITECTURAL SCHOOL

В The article highlights the ideas of "paper architecture" of the twentieth century, which were developed in the educational futuristic design of the Lviv architectural school at the Department of Architectural Environment Design. Information considers the creators of such architecture – A. Brodsky, I. Utkin, I. Lezhava, Y. Avvakumov, M. Belov, O. Anisimov, O. Gutnov and others, from Moscow and Russia. Interesting ideas are represented in the projects of architects from Ukraine – V. Proskuryakov and G. Proskuryakov, O. Bodnar, Y. Dzhyhil and I. Gnes from Lviv and other cities – Poltava, Kyiv, Dnipro. Ideas of futuristic, experimental, and search projects in semester academic bachelor's and master's works, in project seminars, in international competitions, etc. are highlighted. The results of a new design at the department that develops the ideas of the world-famous architect-set designer F. Kiesler and set designer-architect Y. Lysyk are highlighted. This attracted not only practical architects, economists, environmentalists, investors from different regions and cities of Ukraine, but also specialists from abroad.

The Architectural Phenomenon of Chernivtsi of the Beginning and the mid-20th-Century: F. Fellner, G. Helmer, F. Kiesler, H. Creangă and Others

Over the last 30 years, there has been considerable debate on the styles of modern architecture around the world and, particularly, in Ukraine. Interestingly, proponents of traditionalism seek answers in the reproduction of ornaments and facades of buildings or the imitation and interpretation of folk forms and materials engendered in past eras. Connoisseurs of the latest technologies and trends see the essence of modern architecture in open space planning, the universality of space and share common views on the overall versatility of objects, irrespective of the territory on which they are located. However, it is of the utmost importance that they also study extensively the outstanding personalities and their creative heritage, which will enable them to predict the potential ways of architectural development down the line. For many years the Department of Architectural Environment Design of Lviv Polytechnic National University has been investigating architecture through the prism of continental and world systems of culture with numerous cross-cultural similarities and differences, authenticity and borrowings and synthetic phenomena. In other words, the Department hones in on the development of conceptual ideas throughout European history and the World cultures. It should be noted that within the territorial boundaries of modern western Ukraine there are cities, which used to be the administrative centers of other countries. They developed in accordance with the dominant tendencies of the former capitals, which shifted their culture potential from the center to the periphery, mainly due to architecture. One of the brightest cities of the early 20th century was Chernivtsi. It was the administrative center of Bukovina, which belonged to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and later to the Kingdom of Romania. Hence, the experience of architects who worked in the city and erected many multifunctional buildings constitutes important evidence in our investigation. However, these are not the quantitative indicators of the completed building projects but rather the architects' progressive ideas highlighting a phenomenal universal feature that should be taken into consideration, which is sometimes of greater importance than merely practical optimization of complex architectural forms. The paper seeks to address three architectural phenomena associated with Chernivtsi, namely, the Viennese bureau of F. Fellner and G. Helmer, the futurist designer F. Kiesler, and the Romanian modernist H. Creangą. The criteria for selecting these personalities were their common features: the certain period of time spent in Chernivtsi, enthusiasm and desire to constantly improve architecture, the willingness to seek understanding of the spatial, formal, historical and urban contexts of architecture. The design concepts of these architects are systematically collected and analysed at the Institute of Architecture and Design in Lviv Polytechnic National University. They are developed and implemented in student research projects, as well as bachelor's and master's theses and can lay the foundation for the innovative architectural solutions in Ukraine.