Design Of Active Antenna Research Articles

Design of Active V-Dipole Antenna on UAS for Receiving NOAA Polar Satellite Imagery

Design of Active V-Dipole Antenna on UAS for Receiving NOAA Polar Satellite Imagery

Low-Profile Circularly Polarized HF Helical Phased Array: Design, Analysis, and Experimental Evaluation

This paper presents the design, development, and performance evaluation of a compact wideband phased array active helical antenna for monitoring HF interference. Traditional multi-element HF antenna designs are often subjected to size restrictions. The front-to-back ratio of the proposed circularly polarized phased array exceeds 20 dB across the operating range. This array enables the simultaneous monitoring of vertically and horizontally polarized signals, offering a practical alternative to larger antennas, particularly in space-constrained scenarios. Through advanced low-noise amplifier design, efficiency and bandwidth are optimized while mitigating mutual coupling effects. Optimal beamformer design enhances array performance with respect to more traditional array design approaches. The test results verify exceptional performance with an average axial ratio of 2 dB and a high front-to-back ratio beyond the desired frequency range. This study offers valuable insights into the design and deployment of compact wideband phased array antennas, providing an effective solution for monitoring HF interference.

Thermal Design of Tile Type Active Phased Array Radar Antenna

Abstract Based on the structure and heat source distribution characteristics of the tile-type active phased array radar antenna, forced air cooling is adopted for its heat dissipation design. The heat dissipation path and fins of the main heating module of the antenna were designed and calculated, and the reliability of the thermal design was verified through software simulation and thermal testing.

An Active Multi-Beam Antenna Design Method and Its Application for the Future 6G Satellite Network

The active multi-beam antenna can be widely used in the 6G integrated satellite network project, the national satellite Internet project, and other major satellite projects. It determines the key performance indicators of the satellite such as the service coverage area and the communication capacity of all the beams in the forward link and the return link. The active multi-beam antenna is the core technology of satellite payload and has been developed rapidly in recent years. Based on the antenna performance requirements such as the number of giant-scale beams, super-large coverage area, high gain, and high carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I), this paper proposes a new active multi-beam antenna design method, which integrates the multi-objective coordination and multi-feed amplitude and phase weighted optimization algorithms. A balanced optimal solution that meets the performance requirements can be obtained by constraining each other with different objective functions. In the optimization process, the surrogate model of convolutional autoencoder based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed for multi-objective optimization solution, which efficiently completes the search of optimal beam excitation coefficients. This paper takes the demand for very-high-throughput communication satellites serving the Asia-Pacific region as an example and applies the design method to the multi-beam antenna design of the satellite. The simulation verification of the antenna is completed, achieving good performance of 976 beams. All results meet the performance requirements, supporting the implementation of 1 Tbps communication capacity for the entire satellite, and verifying the correctness of the design method.

Design and Implementation of Active Antennas for IoT-Based Healthcare Monitoring System

Design and Implementation of Active Antennas for IoT-Based Healthcare Monitoring System

Design and Implementation of a Millimeter Wave Active Antenna for UAV Communications

Design and Implementation of a Millimeter Wave Active Antenna for UAV Communications

고차 고조파 방사가 억제된 능동위상배열안테나 설계

In this paper, we propose an active phased-array antenna design applicable to nonlinear radar systems. The operating frequency of the array antenna is 3∼3.2 GHz, and the antenna comprises a triangular grid with a size of 5×5. A coaxial-type low-pass filter is inserted into the feeding part of the array antenna to suppress radiation from the second harmonic. The measured maximum gain of a single radiating element in the operating frequency band is 5.42 dBi, and the gain in the harmonic band is –28.85 dBi. The calibrated and simulated gains of the array antenna, which are compensated for the loss of the coaxial line and the power dividers, are 19.2 dBi and 19.3 dBi, respectively.

Pattern performance of active phased array antenna for Gaofen-3 satellite

The phased array antenna is one of the critical components of the space-borne SAR system and plays a key role in the quality of images. This paper focuses on the design of active phased array antenna for Gaofen-3 satellite, including its architecture, system design methods, key hardware, and the performance for the design implementation. The proposed phased array antenna have capabilities of beam broadening and scanning, left and right side look, polarization switching, in-orbit calibration, uploading beam-steering correction data, collecting self-checking information, and self-protection caused by over pulse width or duty cycle. The phased array antenna is mainly consisted of dual-polarized slotted waveguide antennas, TR modules, time-delay and amplifier modules and power distribution networks. Moreover, the solutions of the direct problem and inverse problem for accurately predicting the pattern and determining the states of TR modules for the required beam have been proposed. The obtained results can confirm that the cross-polarization level of both polarizations for the phased antenna array is below −35 dB. By employing the proposed antenna model, the beam steering error and dispersion error between the predicted and the measured beams in the range plane are less than 4% (100% probability) and less than 2% (95% probability). For beam steering in the azimuth plane, the beam steering error is less than 2% (90% probability), and less than 4% (100% probability). The ground and on-orbit test results have indicated that the functions and performance of the antenna meet the requirements of the SAR system.

Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antenna: A Comparison between Design Using PIN Diodes and Liquid Crystals

This work presents the design and analysis of active reflectarray antennas with slot embedded patch element configurations within an X‐band frequency range. Two active reflectarray design technologies have been proposed by digital frequency switching using PIN diodes and analogue frequency tuning using liquid crystal‐based substrates. A waveguide simulator has been used to perform scattering parameter measurements in order to practically compare the performance of reflectarray designed based on the two active design technologies. PIN diode‐based active reflectarray unit cell design is shown to offer a frequency tunability of 0.36 GHz with a dynamic phase range of 226°. On the other hand, liquid crystal‐based design provided slightly lower frequency tunability of 0.20 GHz with a dynamic phase range of 124°. Moreover, the higher reflection loss and slow frequency tuning are demonstrated to be the disadvantages of liquid crystal‐based designs as compared to PIN diode‐based active reflectarray designs.

Оценка реализуемости активной фазированной антенной решётки терминала системы спутниковой связи "Экспресс-РВ"

The basic principles of building a promising domestic regional satellite communication system "Express-RV", based on the highly elliptical orbit "Molniya" and intended for broadband access of civil sector subscribers to various public communication networks, in particular to the Internet, are considered. The main technical requirements for the antenna systems of mobile satellite communication terminals of the Express-RV system are formulated. The necessity of using active phased array antennas for a number of types of such terminals is justified. A brief overview of the principles of implementation and examples of the design of microstrip active phased array antennas, including their elementary emitters and individual modules, are given. The problem of the occurrence of the blinding effect inherent in flat microstrip gratings made on dielectric substrates is noted; measures to compensate for this effect are considered. The possibility of expanding the maximum scanning angle of a narrowly directed beam of an active phased array antenna by using a magnetically controlled scattering dielectric lens, as well as creating segment-dome structures of antenna systems in relation to mobile terminals of mobile satellite communications of the "Express-RV" system, is shown. Simple analytical relations are derived that allow us to estimate the number of elementary emitters required for the implementation of a receiving-transmitting active phased array antenna with specified technical characteristics: gain and maximum scanning angle; the corresponding dependencies are given. The cost of creating an antenna system based on an active phased array is estimated.

평면 부배열로 구성되는 컨포멀 송신 능동위상배열안테나의 설계 및 시험

평면 부배열로 구성되는 컨포멀 송신 능동위상배열안테나의 설계 및 시험

Far-Field-Based Nonlinear Optimization of Millimeter-Wave Active Antenna for 5G Services

This paper presents the design and characterization of millimeter-wave (28/38 GHz), circularly polarized (CP) active antennas, suitable for future 5G services. By augmenting the modeling capabilities of commercially available nonlinear CAD tools, the active antenna design can simultaneously optimize figures of merits for both radiation and nonlinear (NL) performance. The radiating part is computed and optimized layoutwise by means of an artificial neural network (ANN), suitably trained off-line. For the NL design purpose, the harmonic neural network (HNN) of the antenna is subsequently implemented as a standard circuit component, to include the antenna behavior at all the harmonics of its NL regime. This allows avoiding time-consuming electromagnetic (EM)-simulations in the harmonic balance optimization loop. In this way, a well-defined interface between the antenna and the amplifier can be avoided. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the design approach, one active integrated antenna (AIA), consisting of a class AB amplifier feeding a CP patch at 38 GHz, has been fabricated with the standard 0.1- $\mu \text{m}$ AlGaAs-InGaAs pHEMT technology and extensively measured with respect to both the electrical and radiation performances. To reduce fabrication costs, hybrid integration of the antenna and amplifier connection is used, and the antenna is incorporated into the main PCB.

Design of compact active BeiDou antenna for high-shock projectile applications

Design of compact active BeiDou antenna for high-shock projectile applications

An Improved Design of Automatic-Identification-System-Based Man Overboard Device: A Multidisciplinary Product

In this paper, the improved design of a small automatic-identification-system (AIS) based man overboard (MOB) device is described. The device is one of the state-of-the-art maritime vehicular technologies and has been widely used in marine vehicles for search and rescue (SAR) purposes. Similar devices have been available in the market for years; however, the design methodology and hardware circuitries have never been exposed in literature. This paper first reviews the basic principles of Gaussian minimum-shift keying modulation and the direct digital frequency synthesis technique. Second, the design methodology and hardware implementation of subsystems of the device with design objectives in effective SAR are presented. Finally, a prototype of the AIS MOB was fabricated and fully tested. The experimental results demonstrate that the emitted signal spectrum meets the AIS standards. The fabricated prototype has a minimum effective range of five nautical miles with a battery life of 36 h under continuous operation. This AIS MOB device is a multidisciplinary design product. The described work comprises of active antenna design, the microcontroller-based AIS control circuit design, the global positioning system circuit design, and the implementation of Gaussian minimum-shift keying modulation.

Design of mid-plane passive active multijunction antenna for 5-GHz KSTAR LHCD system

The major upgrade of KSTAR LHCD system to 4MW is planned in 2021. 4-MW RF power will be provided by 8×0.5MW klystrons. Highly oversized circular waveguide transmitting TE01° mode will be adopted for the low loss transmission line longer than 50m. The design of the 4-MW mid-plane Passive Active Multijunction launcher has been performed. Considering parallel refractive index N|| for the efficient current drive and the maximum power density at the launcher mouth, the launcher is composed of 256 active waveguides whose dimension is 58mm x 7mm and 18mm of spatial period for N||0=2.5. Multijunction with Emax <3.5kV/cm and high power waveguide components have been designed using HFSS code. The antenna properties were evaluated using ALOHA. Prototype PAM launcher with 32 active waveguides is under development for 0.5-MW pulsed operation.

이동성을 구비한 능동위상배열안테나 근접전계 스캐너 설계 및 성능 검증

이동성을 구비한 능동위상배열안테나 근접전계 스캐너 설계 및 성능 검증

Active Multiple Feed On-Chip Antennas With Efficient In-Antenna Power Combining Operating at 200–320 GHz

The design and measurement of active multiple-feed on-chip antennas realized in a SiGe seven metal layer backend process are presented for millimeter-wave applications. To prevent the excitation of surface waves, the principle of an integrated lens antenna (ILA) is used. In-antenna power-combining is realized by using a novel concept in which the outputs of two or more parallel differential amplifiers are directly combined in the radiating element itself. The proof-of-concept is shown by characterizing the antennas directly without the amplifiers being connected and by using adequate feeding networks capable of demonstrating high ILA bandwidths. Further, the power-splitting is realized through distributed transformer circuits, which offer high bandwidths at low losses. Different antennas are evaluated in order to attain reflection coefficients better than -10 dB over the entire frequency band of 200-320 GHz. Finally, the power-combining capabilities of such antennas are demonstrated by connecting a four-feed differential antenna to four single stage cascode amplifiers in parallel.

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Active Skin Antenna with 3D Printing Array Framework

An active skin antenna with structural load-bearing and electromagnetic functions is usually installed in the structural surface of mobile vehicles such as aircrafts, warships, and high-speed train. This paper presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a novel active skin antenna which consists of an encapsulation shell, antenna skin, and RF and beam control circuits. The antenna skin which consists of the facesheet, honeycomb, array framework, and microstrip antenna elements was designed by using Bayesian optimization, in order to improve the design efficiency. An active skin antenna prototype with 32 microstrip antenna elements was fabricated by using a hybrid manufacturing method. In this method, 3D printing technology was applied to fabricate the array framework, and the different layers were bonded to form the final antenna skin by using traditional composite process. Some experimental testing was conducted, and the testing results validate the feasibility the proposed antenna skin structure. The proposed design and fabrication technique is suitable for the development of conformal load-bearing antenna or smart skin antenna installed in the structural surface of aircraft, warships, and armored vehicles.

Design of active reconfigurable wheel antenna based on PIN diodes

In this paper we suggest a reconfigurable wheel antenna based on PIN diodes. The antenna is excited by a single-feed and operates in S-band and X-band. Proposed antenna’s structure is composed of two circular rings that are excited by multiple PIN diodes and microstrip lines. Antenna’s reconfiguration is realized by inserting switches into spokes and peripheral regions of a wheel antenna. The required resonance frequency is provided by combination of the structures which are controlling by PIN diodes. Developed antenna was fabricated on a RT duroid material and its pattern measurements were carried out in the outdoor environment. The measured results have demonstrated antenna’s ability to be reconfigurated and good radiation pattern characteristics within two frequency bands.

Design and Simulation of Tri-Band Active Automotive Antenna

Automotive antenna requirements continue to push for smaller, more integrated solutions while maintaining the high performance expected from modern infotainment and multimedia systems. The multitude of antennas placed inside the car comprises of active antenna systems which is capable of receiving multiband frequency signals for receiver systems. In this work, sensitive circuitry Low Noise Amplifier and slotted rectangular patch antenna together constitutes active antenna systems have been designed and simulated as separate units operating at Tri-Band frequency bands of 833 MHz, 1.892GHz, and 2.772 GHz for Personal Cellular Communication and Direct to Home Satellite Television respectively. These separate design units operating with these frequencies can be integrated as Low Noise Active Integrated Antenna which can be implemented for automotive application.Through simulation we show that the results of the proposed designs are in accordance with Tri-Band frequency operation for specified application.