Diversification Of Design Research Articles

Contributions towards a plurality in design narratives: Addressing dynamics between global and local discourses

The present research addresses empirical evidence of the predominance of a macroscopic, canonical narrative in design: it argues that design education and research may benefit from a substantial expansion and diversification upon this traditionally prevalent narrative. Furthermore, we posit that this diversification of design may begin by acknowledging and addressing its multiple narratives at a local level, upon which a global web of detailed knowledge may emerge complex, global discourses and paradigms may require articulations of the intrinsically contextual. With this premise in mind, prior research has been held in Porto, Portugal, from 2018 to 2021, through in-person interviews with retired design teachers and professionals, and field work with local crafts and industry; these actions have confirmed the above hypothesis within the context of the case study. We now aim at further reverting these findings into higher education curricula and propose a working dynamic between the intrinsically contextual and a scalability of enquiry and relevance.

Tourism Souvenir Ceramics Craft Creation: Design Inspiration of Malang Local Artefact Culture

Crafts should be developed as part of the tourism sector, because when this pandemic ends, the tourism sector will need to rise up and be ready to answer the challenge. The tourism industry should be supported by souvenir crafts, but the products lack the design variance that is reflected in the local cultural character. This research aimed to develop designs based on local culture. The methods included studying local culture, formulating local culture concepts as Malang souvenir ceramic creation ideas, doing creative shape exploration and technique exploration, creating art and product prototypes, testing and validating the product diversification in terms of concept and prototype, and lastly, improving the product and analyzing the creative results.
 Keywords: Malang souvenir ceramics, design diversification

Implementation of Typology Criteria for Design Knowledge Reflecting Design Diversification

As the design-related knowledge base grows to remain abreast of technological and scientific advancements, ‘Design Knowledge’ has emerged as a new genre of pragmatic design. Criteria need to be determined to establish a typology as a knowledge-based system supporting education, literature, and industrial organizations. To this end, this study establishes criteria for design knowledge typology while considering design diversification by applying existing topological criteria to the classification of books, industries, and academic disciplines along with new views of design theorists. A matrix analysis was conducted to test the applicability of the design knowledge language data by checking them against extracted and defined criteria. We found it impossible to consistently typify contemporary design concepts with single-attribute criteria; the multiple-criteria classification method is much more effective. Further, contemporary design language has evolved from object-based to concept-based terms. Our study lays the groundwork for a useful typology for a design study schema.

Analysis of experience, safety and prospects of diversification of nuclear fuel at nuclear power plants

The object of research is the design fuel assemblies (FA-A) at nuclear power plants with water-cooled water reactors located in Ukraine. The analysis of the experience and prospects of diversification of design fuel assemblies of pressurized water reactors with alternative heat generating assemblies of Westinghouse Electric Company is carried out. The analysis is carried out on the basis of measures and results of diversification of fuel assemblies at the Temelin nuclear power plant (Czech Republic), as well as the South Ukrainian and Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plants (Ukraine). As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the diversification of design fuel assemblies by alternative heat assemblies by Westinghouse Electric Company provides the necessary nuclear safety conditions for the maximum allowable temperature of the gratings of fuel rods and the temperature of nuclear fuel.The work determines the need for additional analysis of nuclear safety and reliability of the reactor loop equipment in relation to the conditions of critical hydrodynamic shock during the diversification of fuel assemblies. It is revealed that the known results of nuclear safety analysis during diversification of fuel assemblies by traditional accident modeling approaches are not sufficiently substantiated. And they also significantly depend on the negative effects of «differences in the results of accident modeling by different users of the same codes» and «differences in the results of accident modeling by different codes». In addition, well-known deterministic codes do not simulate the conditions and consequences of hydrodynamic shock and various types of thermohydrodynamic instability in the reactor loop. It is shown that it is necessary to develop alternative methods for analyzing nuclear safety and equipment reliability of systems important to safety in diversifying fuel assemblies that are independent of the above negative effects. A calculation analysis of the influence of the coolant speed on the external heat transfer coefficients determined that the safety conditions for the permissible temperature of the Westinghouse Electric Company fuel rods are provided up to a maximum design temperature of 90 °C in safety heat exchangers.

Same or Different?: An Aesthetic Design Question

Should brands selling status goods design high-end and low-end products to look the same or different? In this paper, we study how brands make this aesthetic design differentiation decision. We first empirically analyze the impact of a brand's aesthetic design differentiation on consumers' preferences for the brand's products using seven years of data of a status good (i.e., cars). We find that consumers prefer high-end products of a brand to look more differentiated but prefer low-end products of the brand to look less differentiated, which seems to present brands a product design dilemma, i.e., neither design unification nor diversification within a brand can enhance the appeal of the brand's high-end and low-end products at the same time. Based on this finding, we set up a game-theoretic model to analyze brands' equilibrium design strategies. Interestingly, we find that the opposing preferences for design differentiation can lead brands to choose asymmetric design strategies, i.e., one brand unifies design while another brand diversifies design, which can be a win-win outcome. We also give conditions where both brands unify design or both brands diversify design while the latter can be a prisoner's dilemma. Furthermore, vertical differentiation (e.g., in brand strength) between brands affects the profitability of design diversification or unification. In addition, we show that the aesthetic design decision has important implications on how brands should set prices and functionalities of products and how much brands should invest in brand-building activities (e.g., advertising).

The human colonization of the Southeast Plains of South America: Climatic conditions, technological innovations and the peopling of Uruguay and south of Brazil

Abstract During the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, climatic, faunistic, and ecological changes could produce social readjustments and technological innovations in human populations that were exploring and colonizing the low southeastern plains of South America. In this paper, paleoecological and archaeological data are integrated to systematize and discuss different aspects of early human settlement in Uruguay and the south of Brazil. It is possible to recognize evidence of initial human dispersion by the region between ∼14,000 and 13,100 cal BP (12,000 to 11,320 14C BP) during the late Pleistocene, when dry and cold climatic conditions prevailed in the region. Later, between 12,800 and 10,065 cal BP, a low plains Paleoamerican stemmed bifacial tradition emerged with three different techno-complexes, represented by Fishtail, Tigre, and Pay Paso projectile points. These groups were adapted to the grassland plains and characterized by the presence of wide-stemmed projectile points. The Fishtail point had been supplanted by the Tigre point, showing diversification in design of projectile points during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. Approximately 12,000 to 11,200 cal BP in the middle Uruguay River, a social and technological reorganization occurred, along with the emergence of the Tigre techno-complex during post-Fishtail times. The advent of Tigre groups coincided with warmer and wetter climatic conditions, indicating the beginning of the Holocene. By 11,080–10,928 cal BP, new weaponry changes occurred in the region, including the production of the Pay Paso points, a regionally distinctive projectile-point style for the early Holocene. These aspects allow start discussions of cultural transmission, technological innovations and morphological variation in projectile point styles over the time and space. The field research developed over the past 15 years, in conjunction with the previous research conducted in southern Brazil, the relative high density of early sites with radiocarbon ages (n = 22), and the chronological base (67 radiocarbon ages), allow to formulate an archaeological and behavioral model about the initial peopling of the Uruguayan and southern Brazil plains.

소비자가 한복구매 및 대여시 중점을 두는 요인에 관한 연구

본 연구는 소비자가 한복구매 및 대여시 중점을 두는 요인에 관한 연구로, 한복디자인의 다양화를 비롯한 다양한 요인에 의해 한복에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 상황이 한복 구매에 긍정적인 영향을 끼칠 것으로 예상되어 소비자들의 한복구매에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 또한 한복을 대여하는 소비자가 증가하는 경향을 연구에 반영하여 한복 대여시 영향을 미치는 요인과 나아가 소비자들이 한복을 직접 구매할 때와 대여할 때의 의사결정요인의 차이에 대해서도 분석하였다. 분석결과 소비자들은 한복구매 및 대여시 디자인적인 요인과 본인이 좋아하고 유행하는 색상, 판매사원과 주변인의 권유에 의해 높은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 한복을 구매하는 집단과 대여하는 집단에 미치는 영향력에서는, 구매집단은 디자인적인 요인에 의해, 대여집단은 판매자나 주변인의 권유에 더 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 한복판매점에서는 한복 디자인의 다양화로, 한복대여점에서는 전문적인 판매사원의 배치로 업체간의 경쟁력을 강화하는 마케팅 전략이 좋을 것이라는 점을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence consumers when they purchase or rent Hanbok. We investigated the factors which affect consumers buying Hanbok, out of expectation that the rising interest in Hanbok caused by diversification of design and other various reasons would have a positive impact on purchases. Reflecting the increase of consumers renting Hanbok in the study, we also analyzed the factors that have an influence on rentals and compared the determinants of purchasing Hanbok and that of renting it. It turned out that consumers are mainly influenced by design, popular colors they prefer, and recommendation of clerks or friends. Through the comparison, we discovered that the purchasing group is more influenced by design while the renting group is more influenced by recommendation of friends and clerks. This result suggests that it would be an effective marketing strategy for shops to strengthen competitiveness by diversifing design of Hanbok, and for rental shops to do so by placing professional salesperson.

Role of Traditional Textile Hand Prints of Barmer in Employment Generation

India has a long tradition of textile especially hand woven and hand spun textiles. Textiles stand next to agriculture as an income generation activity for most of the rural population. India has been renowned for its printed cotton clothes since the 12 Century and creative processes flourished as the fabric received royal patronage. Different styles of design have been evolved in difference part of Country and District Barmer in Rajasthan is famous for its bold and vibrant motifs know by the name of ‘Barmer hand prints’. The colors mainly used in Barmer hand prints are red, blue and maroon and motifs are mainly floral and geometrical. Hand Block Printing is such an art which can be used for making every design, every piece of cloth unique and different from others, which could never be possible by using automated machinery wherein 100s of meters of fabric would come out in the same design and color. The present study was conducted to find out about the financial setup, employment pattern generated by traditional textile hand printing. A sample size of 40 units was selected randomly and study was carried out with the help of survey and observation method. Pre-testing was done with the help of 10% of the sample and then data collection was done after which raw data was coded, tabulated and statically analyzed. Study revealed that profession of printing was hereditary and carried out generation to generation from father to son. The units were Small scale units which did not require heavy investments and provide employment to many people. In Barmer hand printing units, the worker employed did not require higher qualification except skill and efficiency. Thus this traditional textile printing plays a vital role in providing employment at every level and to all age group people. In Barmer, women are also cooperating in maintaining and managing the units. Thus Barmer hand prints provides sustainable livelihood to many local families. It is the essence of India and the crafts that make India stand out in the world, one of the numerous arts and crafts that are slowly dyeing and so have to be renewed and brought back to life. The diversification of design in the handloom sector is the need of the hour.

한국 귀금속산업 활성화 방안분석(CAD/CAM을 중심으로)

1980년대 이전의 한국귀금속산업은 전통 공예와 디자인의 발달사를 제외하면 마케팅 및 사업적인 측면에서는 의의는 거의 없었다. 재화의 가치에서 장신구의 가지로 변화 되어온 국내 주얼리 시장은 1980년대 이후 해외여행자유화 및 86아시안게임과 88서울올림픽을 계기로 주얼리 제조 산업에 중요한 전환점을 맞이하게 되었다. 1990년대 이전 제품의 대량 생산을 가능하게 정밀 주조기법의 도입으로 급성장하게 된 주얼리 시장은 1990년대 이후 CAD/CAM의 도입과 함께 주얼리 제조 산업은 새롭게 변화하기 시작하였다. 주얼리 제조 산업은 과거 핸드메이드라고 불리던 수 가공 작업에서 대량 생산을 위한 마스터를 기본으로 하는 정밀 주조 산업으로 변화되어 왔다. 이에 마스터의 개발은 디자인 개발과 함께 주얼리 생산업체에 중요한 과제로 제시 되어 왔고 CAD/CAM의 도입으로 디자인과 마스터 개발에 다각화를 가져오게 되었다. 본 연구는 먼저 국내 주얼리 시장의 현주소와 CAD/CAM에 대한 이해와CAD/CAM의 장점 및 활용 방법을 알아보고 이를 통해서 주얼리 시장의 활성화 방안을 제시해 보고자 한다. Except for traditional industrial art and history of design development, Korea jewelry industry before 1980's, had little meaning in the aspect of marketing and business. Domestic jewelry market which have changed from the value of goods to value of ornaments, faced important transition point for jewelry industry by the chance of in Asian Game held in 1986, and money of overseas traveler after 1980s. The rapidly-grown Jewelry field by the introduction of detail casting method to make it possible mass-production of the products before 1990's, began to change into new system, with introducing CAD/CAM after 1990's. Jewelry industry has changed from manual work called handmade to the detail casting industry based on master for mass-production. For this, the development of master, with the design development, have been suggested as important task to jewelry industry firms, and by the introduction of CAD/CAM, the diversification of design and master development has been made up. In this study, we would try to find out current status of domestic jewelry field and to understand CAD/CAM, and advantage of CAD/CAM, and through this, suggest good solution to precipitate domestic jewelry market.

The Evolution of Medical Technology

Many forthcoming medical advances-growth factors, tissue engineering, gene therapy, attachable prosthetic limbs, and implantable computers--are so new that as yet there is no clinical experience with them. Each therapeutic technique will evolve in an environment containing few guideposts to help judge its efficacy and safety. Recent developments in evolution theory (based on an analysis of Cambrian fossils in Canada's Burgess Shale quarry) suggest that evolution passes, at times, through innovative cycles of progress--when diversification of design leads to perfection of form--with the concomitant production of many unsuccessful models. The evolution of the total knee replacement is a perfect example of the process, because many of the early devices have proven to be dismal failures. However, modern knee replacements would not have been developed without them. Because the risk of unforeseen complications associated with new medical products cannot be discerned in advance, each patient-consumer should have the opportunity to intelligently weigh an innovative product's risk potential against its possible benefit. The proposal made here, for a temporary New Product status for new drugs and devices after a product is cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for general marketing, provides a mechanism for making such decisions.