Design Catalog Research Articles

Providing a knowledge-based design catalog as an approach to support the development of design for additive manufacturing skills

AbstractProficiency in design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) requires training and a lot of trial and error. To support the development of DfAM skills, we redesigned 47 design artifacts from case studies and derived tacit knowledge from successful and unsuccessful redesigns. All knowledge about these artifacts was then collected in a design catalog. In a workshop with a total of 48 graduates and students, 45 participants deemed the design catalog supportive. After evaluating their designs, we concluded that the use of a knowledge-based design catalog can develop and improve individual DfAM skills.

Hospitals of the Future: Designing Interactive Robotic Systems for Resilient Emergency Departments

The Emergency Department (ED) is a stressful, safety-critical environment, which is often overcrowded, noisy, chaotic, and understaffed. The built environment plays a key role in patient outcomes, experiences, and the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). However, once a space is built, it is difficult to change it; so the modularity and adaptability of new technologies such as robots could potentially help stakeholders mitigate some of these challenges; yet, there is a lack of research in this area, particularly in the ED. In this paper, we address this gap by engaging HCWs in a research-through-design process, utilizing design fiction, to envision a future resilient ED. Here, robots scurry along the ceiling, provide help at the bedside, and smart furniture and walls provide spaces for privacy and calm. We co-created design prototypes of future intelligent systems that can modify the built environment to support resilience, which we then used to co-create a Design Catalog with HCWs, which contains a collection of future technology prototypes contextualized within the ED. We found that HCWs envisioned many ways for intelligent systems to help them reimagine the built environment, including ways to enhance HCW-patient communication, improve patient experience, support both HCW and patient safety, and use reconfigurable spaces to support privacy. We hope our work inspires further exploration into using new technologies to reimagine and reconfigure the built environment to support resilient hospitals.

STUDY OF SAFETY FOR UNDERGROUND NPP

STUDY OF SAFETY FOR UNDERGROUND NPP. Human growth has consequences for land use. The construction of facilities and industries to meet human needs makes the availability of land for natural ecosystems, and agriculture tends to decrease. One land use in the energy sector includes constructing a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). Therefore, NPP developers have currently developed several designs of nuclear power plants with small sizes, namely Small Modular Reactor (SMR), Micro Modular Reactor (MMR), and underground NPP. In addition to saving space, underground nuclear power plants have several advantages, namely increased security, strengthened containment, and protection from external events. On the other hand, safety issues must still be the main focus of this NPP design. Based on Government Regulation 54 of 2012, safety is a provision that must be met by business entities wanting to carry out construction, operation, and decommissioning. Therefore, this paper is prepared to elaborate on what must be considered for this NPP design. The study was carried out based on the design catalog of the Super-Safe, Small, and Simple Reactor (4S) nuclear power plant developed by Toshiba and combined with other references related to underground building structures. The results of the study found that several things must consider for the design of an underground NPP hydrology, soil properties, the possibility of accidents due to debris, maintenance, and response to nuclear emergencies. Keywords: NPP, Underground NPP, Safety, NPP Design

Development of a Design Catalog for Bonded Concrete Overlay Pavements Considering the Regional Characteristics of Korea

The design of overlay pavement in Korea, using the American empirical method, does not consider the unique Korean climate, pavement material, and traffic conditions. Therefore, in this study, a mechanistic–empirical design catalog for bonded concrete overlays (BCO) that are appropriate for Korean pavement conditions was developed. First, the thickness of the new pavement slab was determined through the Korean pavement design method, which uses a mechanistic–empirical design program according to the traffic volume of the region with the worst climatic conditions in Korea. Then, finite element analysis models of new jointed concrete and BCO pavements were developed to determine the BCO thickness by adjusting it until the stress–strength ratio of an existing slab of BCO pavement was equal to that of a new concrete pavement slab. By repeating this procedure, a design catalog was developed for the sustainable management of concrete pavement according to the traffic volume, elastic modulus, and thickness of the existing slab after milling. The appropriateness of the BCO thickness predicted by the design catalog was verified by comparing it with that predicted by other design methods.

Plant Movements as Concept Generators for the Development of Biomimetic Compliant Mechanisms.

Plant movements are of increasing interest for biomimetic approaches where hinge-free compliant mechanisms (flexible structures) for applications, for example, in architecture, soft robotics, and medicine are developed. In this article, we first concisely summarize the knowledge on plant movement principles and show how the different modes of actuation, that is, the driving forces of motion, can be used in biomimetic approaches for the development of motile technical systems. We then emphasize on current developments and breakthroughs in the field, that is, the technical implementation of plant movement principles through additive manufacturing, the development of structures capable of tracking movements (tropisms), and the development of structures that can perform multiple movement steps. Regarding the additive manufacturing section, we present original results on the successful transfer of several plant movement principles into 3D printed hygroscopic shape-changing structures ("4D printing"). The resulting systems include edge growth-driven actuation (as known from the petals of the lily flower), bending scale-like structures with functional bilayer setups (inspired from pinecones), modular aperture architectures (as can be similarly seen in moss peristomes), snap-through elastic instability actuation (as known from Venus flytrap snap-traps), and origami-like curved-folding kinematic amplification (inspired by the carnivorous waterwheel plant). Our novel biomimetic compliant mechanisms highlight the feasibility of modern printing techniques for designing and developing versatile tailored motion responses for technical applications. We then focus on persisting challenges in the field, that is, how to speed-boost intrinsically slow hydraulically actuated structures and how to achieve functional resilience and robustness, before we propose the establishment of a motion design catalog in the conclusion.

RANCANG BANGUN MEDIA DESAIN KATALOG PENUNJANG INFORMASI DAN PROMOSI PT GLOBAL BANGUN MANDIRI

The development of communication media and information today due to the many information needed by everyone, so the information makers continue to be encouraged to make changes to follow the demands of the times. Where many parties are involved, either directly related to the delivery process, or the acceptance of such information. This information delivery model and system will determine whether the process is working properly. One form of media that is considered effective and can be used as a support in the program information and promotion is through a visual communication or through a catalog. Design Catalog is a way an institution or company commonly used as a sign of identity in doing a good communication and within the internal scope of the company and with colleagues, business partners, or other relevant parties. This study aims to apply the concept of Catalog Catalog media to provide information and more effective promotion of the company's products. Currently PT Global Bangun Mandiri is a company engaged in the field of property where many companies are moving companies together and certainly a competitor. To obtain the necessary data during the research, the author uses several methodologies, among others: problem analysis methods, data collection methods (observation, interview, literature study), design analysis methods, and design concepts. The final result of this research is in the form of Design of Catalog Form media which is expected to deliver effective information and promotion message made with interesting layout with a more visual appearance and easy to understand.

The Boundary Layer Machine

AbstractIn multi‐body systems, friction often occurs as a result of the contact between two bodies. The resulting forces may be desirable or undesirable, depending on the intended function of a technical system. Although a number of different causes of these forces have been worked out, the scientific understanding required for a systematic adjustment of friction towards satisfying given requirements is still incomplete. This makes it difficult for the designer to design an optimal friction contact. This is reflected in a large number of scientific publications in the associated fields. In order to cope with these challenges, a new, holistic approach is required to recognize and describe the general design principles of friction contacts. Based on the understanding of these principles, design guidelines in a design catalog can be formulated to support designers. In further steps, the designer can parametrize the frictional contact based on a catalog of diverse possible solutions. In the future, this tool should help the designer to find a simple, fast, and effective solution. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Pembuatan Aplikasi Catalog 3D Desain Rumah Sebagai Sarana Promosi Dengan Menggunakan Unity 3D

This study incorporate AR into a technology home Catalog sales, thus Catalog home is becoming more real with 3D objects in it. This research aims to produce an application that can display a 3D model of a house that can help buyers to know well the home to be purchased, and will simplify the home seller as a media campaign to consumers. 3D objects used to develop two kinds of Software that Sweet Home 3D and Blender, whereas to create application in programming used Unity 3D Software using the C # programming language. Application home design Catalog is made through several stages of design 3D objects, Marker workmanship and application design. The end result consists of two forms, namely in the form of physical (in the form of print media Catalog) that contains a marker on some pages and Augmented Reality applications based on Android in the form of .apk which is then installed on Smartphones, where the two are complementary.

Computational Conceptual Design Using Space Matrix

Conceptual design is an early stage in the product design process, which has an essential effect on product innovation. This paper is devoted to computational conceptual design utilizing design synthesis. After the functional model was proposed, the physical parameter model was put forward. The integrated model of function repository and solution repository based on space matrix was built up. The computational conceptual design process based on space matrix was then proposed, including design synthesis algorithm based on space matrix, feature matching based on physical parameter, solutions constraints matching based on design catalog, functional structure design based on functional structure evolutionary model, and evaluation and selection approach based on design catalog. The conceptual design of new devices for decreasing resistance of amphibious vehicles is given as an example, which demonstrates that the methodology is helpful to produce valuable solutions for product innovation.

基于可持续能源的低碳产品性能评价方法研究

在基于可持续能源的产品设计过程中，产品低碳设计对象具有大量的定性和定量相结合的复杂知识，而如何利用上述不完备信息实现基于可持续能源的产品低碳设计的方案评价问题，是当前面临的一个挑战。本文通过建立基于可持续能源的低碳产品设计评价决策体系框架，实现了面向设计目录的基于可持续能源的产品多目标加权模糊层次分析法的综合评价。该模型采用多目标加权模糊层次分析法将低碳产品设计阶段的大量模糊定性知识转化成定量数据，从而实现智能化评价。该模型主要包含了五个模块：评价项构造模块、评价项权重求解模块、综合评价模块、设计师选择模块以及知识库管理模块。实践证明：上述基于可持续能源的产品低碳性能评价方法能够有效地支持产品低碳设计与评价决策。 In the low-carbon design process of sustainable energy-based product, there are complex qualitative and quantitative knowledge and information in the design object of low-carbon product. It is a challenge to evaluate low-carbon design solutions in the sustainable energy-based low-carbon product design with the incomplete qualitative and quantitative information. This paper established sustainable energy-based product low-carbon design performance evaluation model for decision-making system based on design catalog. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of the design catalog for sustainable energy-based products based on multi-objective weighted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was achieved, through the establishment of a sustainable energy-based low-carbon product design evaluation decision framework. With multi-objective weighted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy qualitative knowledge in low-carbon design will be transferred into quantitative data to realize intelligent evaluation. The model contains five modules: structure evaluation module, evaluation weight solution module, evaluation modules, select module and knowledge management module. It has proved that the above performance evaluation method of low-carbon product based on sustainable energy can effectively support product design and evaluation of low-carbon decisions.

Evaluation of climatic factors based on the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide

In this paper, a procedure for evaluating the effects of climate on pavement performance in Italy is proposed. To characterize the Italian territory nine different simulated scenarios have been used. These scenarios were obtained by combining three different situations of latitude (North, Central and South) with three conditions of altitude (high, medium, low altitude). For each of these scenarios, some configurations, proposed by the Italian CNR road pavement design catalog with medium and high traffic flow, were verified using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. The results obtained showed that the Italian CNR road pavement design catalog has a limited reliability.

Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide–Based Pavement Design Catalog for Low-Volume Roads in Arkansas

Historically, low-volume roads in Arkansas were typically constructed by use of a standard section, that is, a double surface treatment over a specified thickness of granular base. Subsequent analysis indicated that these sections were structurally inadequate in many cases. In recent years, the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department has invested significant research dollars to implement the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), which is widely believed to be a quantitative leap over the 1993 AASHTO design guide. However, the MEPDG research efforts mostly target high-volume roads. In this paper, a design catalog for low-volume roads (LVRs) in Arkansas was developed with MEPDG software, Version 1.10. The catalog offers a variety of feasible design alternatives for a comprehensive combination of site conditions. The factors considered include the five geographical regions in Arkansas and the typical Arkansas load spectrum for LVRs with three traffic levels, three subgrade types, and six potential aggregate types available in Arkansas that can be used as granular base and surface layer aggregates. All the MEPDG design inputs needed for the development of the design catalog are generated on the basis of the variety of previous MEPDG implementation research conducted in the state of Arkansas. It is anticipated that the design catalog will serve as a simplified and rational design process for the LVRs in Arkansas.

Updating the Pavement Design Catalog for the Washington State Department of Transportation

This paper describes the preparation of a revised pavement thickness design catalog for the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) that used the 1993 AASHTO Guide, the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), and WSDOT historical pavement performance data. Selection of the design equivalent single-axle load levels and performance criteria are presented, followed by discussion about how the 1993 AASHTO Guide and MEPDG, version 1.0, results were used to guide thickness choices for the catalog. Importantly, the process also included historical pavement performance, the properties of new pavement materials, regional practices, and construction variability as equally valuable inputs. Emphasis was placed on observations and issues encountered by using the current 1993 AASHTO Guide and the MEPDG. The proposed design catalog has been implemented by WSDOT.

Design catalog based on minimum G-aberration

Deng and Tang (Technometrics 44 (2002) 173) constructed a catalog of designs of 16, 20 and 24 runs using the criterion of minimum G-aberration, by searching through all orthogonal arrays from Hadamard matrices. Since it is not true that every orthogonal array can be embedded into a Hadamard matrix, some good designs may be missing from their catalog. This paper examines the same problem by considering all orthogonal arrays. Two advantages result from removing the restriction to designs from Hadamard matrices. We are able to obtain some results on designs of run size 28 or higher. More importantly, we have indeed found minimum G-aberration designs that cannot be embedded into Hadamard matrices. A catalog of useful designs is presented here and its usefulness discussed.

Designing reusable rule-based architectures with design patterns

Abstract Rule-based systems or production systems still have great importance in the construction of knowledge systems. In these systems, the domain expertise to solve a problem is encoded in the form of ‘if–then’ rules, enabling a modular description of the knowledge, thus facilitating its maintenance and updating. Although they have been extensively described in the Artificial Intelligence literature, their design process is at times repeated because of the lack of common software architecture and the restrictions offered by some off-the-shelf libraries and systems. This paper proposes a reusable architecture for rule-based systems described through design patterns. The aim of these patterns is to constitute a design catalog that can be used by designers to understand and create new rule-based systems, thus promoting reuse in these systems. Additionally, the use of the described patterns in the design of an intelligent tutoring system architecture is exemplified.

Systematik und katalog für räumliche elementenpaare

Design catalogs, much used in recent years in Germany [1–3], are excellent resources for methodical mechanical design. They are a kind of information store, containing the special knowledge necessary for design engineers in a concentrated, clearly arranged and easily accessible form. A design catalog consists of three parts: (1) classification, (2) main part, and (3) charactersitic properties. The first part presents a systematic, contradiction-free subdivision of solutions in the main part. It enables a quick check of completeness and, if necessary, allows completion of the solution field. The main part contains the solution field and identifies each solution in the form of sketches, text, equations or diagrams. The third part is used to seek and select the solution that is most suitable for a given problem. Therefore this part should contain all important characteristic properties of each solution. This paper introduces a design catalog for “Spatial Pairs of Elements”. In 1876 Reuleux discovered that in the general solution of the machine problem the elementary parts of a machine are not single, but always occur in pairs. Therefore, from a kinematic point of view, the machine must be divided into pairs of elements. A catalog that includes all important spatial pairs of elements, therefore, would be a fundamental resource for the designer. The design catalog for spatial pairs of elements contains 9 point-contact, 31 line-contact, and 10 surface-contact pairs, divided according to three classification aspects: type of contact, type of spatial element, and type of surface element. The main part shows the pairs of elements with their sketches, pairing restraints, and specific axis. The third part includes the kinetic and construction properties, frequency and application fields, which render possible the selection of an optimal pair of elements for given conditions.

Figures of Merit for the Diagnostics of a Digital System

The concepts of accuracy and resolution of a diagnostic procedure are introduced. Both measures can be computed using diagnostic data obtained from the fault simulation process and used as figures of merit for the diagnostics applied to the system. With these measures, the designer is able to evaluate his diagnostic program design and dictionary or catalog techniques prior to the actual field implementation. The results obtained by applying these measures to the Bell System's No. 1 Electronic Switching System are also discussed.