Design Archetypes Research Articles

A Typology of Design Archetypes in Professional Football Leagues: Autonomy and Openness as Key Factors Explaining Design Variance

Previous approaches to design archetypes in sport management have taken a single-country, multisport approach with a focus on National Sporting Organizations. While this line of research has provided significant breakthroughs for understanding sport organizations, there is a need to extend the boundaries of these investigations to explore variations within professional leagues in one sport and across multiple countries. Accordingly, the current study takes a single-sport, multicountry approach to explore how design archetypes vary and the factors influencing the variation. We analyzed the design archetypes of 104 professional football leagues using 44 organizational variables and identified four different design archetypes that can be used to categorize professional football leagues globally. Autonomy and openness were identified as the key factors determining design archetype structure in this environment. Our analysis of professional football league archetypes provides a foundation for understanding design archetype variation, and the insights can be used for comparison and analysis of meaningful change.

Decision support for strategic microgrid design integrating governance, business, intelligence, communication, and physical perspectives

Microgrids are custom-designed, but their extensive design options hinder their dissemination. Consequently, microgrid-interested parties need strategic support to identify suitable design options for their use case. This paper develops a decision support artifact in the form of a decision tree for recommending the most suitable microgrid design for a project. A multi-step design science-oriented process was used. First, a morphological analysis of academic literature was conducted to deduce all possible microgrid design options and visualize them in a morphological box. Once done, 62 real-world microgrids of diverse types and locations were classified according to the morphological box. The produced dataset was used to derive five microgrid design archetypes algorithmically using cluster analysis. The dataset and their associated archetypes were then fed into a rule-mining algorithm to generate a decision tree that recommends the appropriate microgrid archetype based on up to four questions about, for instance, the microgrid's objective and the connectivity to the main grid. Furthermore, design principles for each microgrid archetype recommendation were formulated. The developed design artifact serves as applicable knowledge and a benchmark framework for researchers, as well as a comprehensive and simultaneously simplified decision-making framework for practitioners.

Decision-Making Processes Used by Canadian National Sport Organization Boards: Differences Between Design Archetypes

This paper examines the decision-making role of Canadian national sport organization boards, identifies the processes used to facilitate decision making by these boards, and explores whether these elements differ between the various design archetypes that exist among these organizations. Forty-five semistructured interviews were conducted with board members and senior staff of 22 Canadian national sport organizations, and data were thematically analyzed. Findings indicate board members and senior staff focused on strategy as their primary role, along with control over other roles (e.g., providing advice and counsel or securing resources). Roles differed according to the organization’s design archetype. Our analysis showed clear differences between design archetypes in terms of how these the organizations used structural artifacts such as subcommittees to facilitate decision making, navigated decision rights between board members and paid staff, and adhered to the Carver policy governance model promoted for national sport organizations by Sport Canada.

Developing a Technical-Oriented Taxonomy to Define Archetypes of Conversational Agents in Health Care: Literature Review and Cluster Analysis

The evolution of artificial intelligence and natural language processing generates new opportunities for conversational agents (CAs) that communicate and interact with individuals. In the health domain, CAs became popular as they allow for simulating the real-life experience in a health care setting, which is the conversation with a physician. However, it is still unclear which technical archetypes of health CAs can be distinguished. Such technical archetypes are required, among other things, for harmonizing evaluation metrics or describing the landscape of health CAs. The objective of this work was to develop a technical-oriented taxonomy for health CAs and characterize archetypes of health CAs based on their technical characteristics. We developed a taxonomy of technical characteristics for health CAs based on scientific literature and empirical data and by applying a taxonomy development framework. To demonstrate the applicability of the taxonomy, we analyzed the landscape of health CAs of the last years based on a literature review. To form technical design archetypes of health CAs, we applied a k-means clustering method. Our taxonomy comprises 18 unique dimensions corresponding to 4 perspectives of technical characteristics (setting, data processing, interaction, and agent appearance). Each dimension consists of 2 to 5 characteristics. The taxonomy was validated based on 173 unique health CAs that were identified out of 1671 initially retrieved publications. The 173 CAs were clustered into 4 distinctive archetypes: a text-based ad hoc supporter; a multilingual, hybrid ad hoc supporter; a hybrid, single-language temporary advisor; and, finally, an embodied temporary advisor, rule based with hybrid input and output options. From the cluster analysis, we learned that the time dimension is important from a technical perspective to distinguish health CA archetypes. Moreover, we were able to identify additional distinctive, dominant characteristics that are relevant when evaluating health-related CAs (eg, input and output options or the complexity of the CA personality). Our archetypes reflect the current landscape of health CAs, which is characterized by rule based, simple systems in terms of CA personality and interaction. With an increase in research interest in this field, we expect that more complex systems will arise. The archetype-building process should be repeated after some time to check whether new design archetypes emerge.

Anticancer Agents as Design Archetypes: Insights into the Structure-Property Relationships of Ionic Liquids with a Triarylmethyl Moiety.

A fundamental challenge underlying the design principles of ionic liquids (ILs) entails a lack of understanding into how tailored properties arise from the molecular framework of the constituent ions. Herein, we present detailed analyses of novel functional ILs containing a triarylmethyl (trityl) motif. Combining an empirically driven molecular design, thermophysical analysis, X-ray crystallography, and computational modeling, we achieved an in-depth understanding of structure-property relationships, establishing a coherent correlation with distinct trends between the thermophysical properties and functional diversity of the compound library. We observe a coherent relationship between melting (T m) and glass transition (T g) temperatures and the location and type of chemical modification of the cation. Furthermore, there is an inverse correlation between the simulated dipole moment and the T m/T g of the salts. Specifically, chlorination of the ILs both reduces and reorients the dipole moment, a key property controlling intermolecular interactions, thus allowing for control over T m/T g values. The observed trends are particularly apparent when comparing the phase transitions and dipole moments, allowing for the development of predictive models. Ultimately, trends in structural features and characterized properties align with established studies in physicochemical relationships for ILs, underpinning the formation and stability of these new lipophilic, low-melting salts.

Corporate biodiversity management and organisational change mechanisms: The case of a tea producer in Sri Lanka

AbstractCorporate biodiversity management (CBDM) is a primary environmental concern in the food and beverage industry, especially the tea sector. However, the way tea‐producing companies pursue sustainable biodiversity management practices, and how these practices lead to organisational change at the lower tiers of the food supply chain remain under‐researched. Using alternative models of organisational change and data from interviews, field visits, and documents, this study analyses the practices adopted by a tea producer in a highly environmentally sensitive area in Sri Lanka, and how these practices have led to organisational change. The findings show that environmental disturbances in the tea industry's value chain primarily influence the organisation's design archetypes, in turn leading to CBDM through organisational subsystems and interpretive schemes. The study shows that adopting CBDM practices gradually and consistently leads to sustainable outcomes over time.

See you soon again, chatbot? A design taxonomy to characterize user-chatbot relationships with different time horizons

Users interact with chatbots for various purposes and motivations – and for different periods of time. However, since chatbots are considered social actors and given that time is an essential component of social interactions, the question arises as to how chatbots need to be designed depending on whether they aim to help individuals achieve short-, medium- or long-term goals. Following a taxonomy development approach, we compile 22 empirically and conceptually grounded design dimensions contingent on chatbots’ temporal profiles. Based upon the classification and analysis of 120 chatbots therein, we abstract three time-dependent chatbot design archetypes: Ad-hoc Supporters, Temporary Assistants, and Persistent Companions. While the taxonomy serves as a blueprint for chatbot researchers and designers developing and evaluating chatbots in general, our archetypes also offer practitioners and academics alike a shared understanding and naming convention to study and design chatbots with different temporal profiles.

National sport organization governance design archetypes for the twenty-first century

ABSTRACT Research question This paper revisits our knowledge of sport organization governance design archetypes. To do so, we focus on Canadian national sport organizations (NSOs) and pose three research questions: (1) what governance design archetypes exist based on the use of more contemporary criteria; (2) how easily can an NSO’s archetype be determined; and (3) what are the implications of these new archetypes for researchers and practitioners? Research methods We undertook a landscape study of 32 Canadian NSOs with data from an online survey, publicly-available information, and clarification calls. Archetypes were derived from 47 organizational and governance characteristics using a k-means cluster analysis. Results and Findings Our empirically-derived archetype design taxonomy showed the best fit to be four clusters (Board-led, Executive-led, Professional, and Corporate) based on key organizational values, complexity, capacity, revenue sources, and governance variables. Implications Besides knowing NSOs are more heterogenous than in the past, researchers and practitioners can use capacity, efficiency, horizontal differentiation, broadcast revenue, political accountability, and social media information to derive an NSO’s governance archetype. These findings imply researchers can (1) examine non-profit sport organizations’ changes over time based on a set of archetypes reflecting contemporary realities, and (2) compare and contrast NSOs’ governance more holistically. In turn, managers can better compare their NSO with other NSOs to optimize their organization’s performance. Finally, national sport agencies/funders should support NSOs’ governance improvement efforts through flexible guidelines and resources because of NSOs’ governance heterogeneity.

Tarzan and chain: exploring the ICO jungle and evaluating design archetypes

The phenomenon of a blockchain use case called initial coin offering (ICO) is drawing increasing attention as a novel funding mechanism. ICO is a crowdfunding type that utilizes blockchain tokens to allow for truly peer-to-peer investments. Although more than $7bn has been raised globally via ICOs as at 2018, the concept and its implications are not yet entirely understood. The research lags behind in providing in-depth analyses of ICO designs and their long-term success. We address this research gap by developing an ICO taxonomy, applying a cluster analysis to identify prevailing ICO archetypes, and providing an outlook on the token value market performance for individual archetypes. We identify five ICO design archetypes and display their secondary market development from both a short-term and a long-term perspective. We contribute to an in-depth understanding of ICOs and their implications. Further, we offer practitioners tangible design and success indications for future ICOs.

The Systematic Design of Industrial Products through Design Archetypes: An Application on Mechanical Transmissions

Engineering design is a knowledge intensive activity for both new and mature technical systems, such as mechanical transmissions. However, design knowledge is often transferred with conservative and unstructured approaches, although knowledge management would be of the utmost importance for modern industries. In this work, we introduce a design tool, called design archetype, for collecting and managing knowledge in systematic design processes. The design archetype addresses input design requirements for different design concepts, therefore, improving awareness of the design process by interactively modifying the design solution due to different input requirements. Finally, the design archetype updates the parameters of a first embodiment computer-aided design model of the concept. A method for the development of design archetypes is presented and applied to two case studies of mechanical transmission subassemblies. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of a systematic design method based on design archetypes stored in the company database.

Is integrated reporting transformative?

PurposeThis paper aims to generate insights about the transformative potential of integrated reporting by exploring organisational adoption of non-financial reporting design archetypes available in the field.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the concept of design archetype, this study conducts an exploratory interpretative based on qualitative semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. The study is based on the Spanish integrated reporting field.FindingsThis study reveals that IIRC framework lacks the transformative potential to become an environmental disturbance for corporate reporting practice. It explains how organisations, in their attempt to seek coherence with underlying interpretative schemes, change their structural arrangements (structure, processes and systems) to adopt sustainability and integrated reporting design archetypes available in the field. Though organisational differences are portrayed, the transition from a sustainability-reporting archetype to an integrated-reporting archetype does not seem to be easily achieved.Research limitations/implicationsDue to its exploratory nature, further investigation of the transformative potential of integrated reporting is needed to address intra-organisational factors such as internal stakeholder interests, organisational values, individual or collective agency to embed interpretative schemes into structural arrangements, and technical and managerial capabilities enabling action.Practical implicationsFindings inform practitioners and policymakers about the hindrances to integrated reporting implementation to be considered for prospective regulation and standardisation.Social implicationsThe study reflects on the difficulties for both mainstreaming sustainability to influence decision-making and developing reporting archetypes coherent with integrated thinking.Originality/valueBy focusing on archetype design, the paper provides insights to assess the transformative potential of integrated reporting.

Disruption and transformation: The organisational evolution of an NGO

This paper explores how and why Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) governance was disrupted by changes in an organisation's internal and external environment. A detailed single case study of a large NGO operating in Sri Lanka is conducted. Data collection consists of semi-structured interviews, document analysis and participant and non-participant observation. Laughlin’s (1991) model of organisational change provides the theoretical foundation on which changes in the case NGO's interpretive schemes, design archetypes and organisational sub-systems are discussed. The changing of interpretive schemes and organisational sub-systems, in our case, was easier than changing design archetypes. Consequently, our paper introduces ‘protective reconfiguration’ as a new change pathway to Laughlin's (1991) model of organisational change. The findings suggest that the NGO's governance systems and processes are being moulded in ways that may not achieve the overall purpose of these organisations. Greater attention to evolving design archetypes is necessary in order to create more deliberative, fluid and less organisation-centric governance structures for NGOs operating in the policy-advocacy space.

HOW TO MEET YOUR CUSTOMER'S NEEDS—AND YOUR OWN: UNDERSTANDING SERVICE DESIGN ARCHETYPES

Stewart and O'Connell contend that companies must design great customer experiences to attract, retain, and delight customers. We tend to think about design more in products, yet services must also be designed. The authors describe nine attributes that represent what they call “service design archetypes,” which in their words are the aggregator, the bargain, the classic, the old shoe, the safe choice, the solutions provider, the specialist, the trendsetter, and the utility. When you match your own archetype, you are better able to design services. “An organization aligned to its archetype,” they write, “makes better decisions at all levels, delighting customers and saving money at the same time.”

Transformative change towards sustainability: the interaction between organisational discourses and organisational practices

This paper adopts a case study approach to explore the complex process of organisational change towards greater social and environmental sustainability. The case study of a major global financial services organisation involved interviews and examination of company documents, and their website over the period 2000–2014. The rare longitudinal empirical evidence from different sources provides important insights to how companies are responding to increasing demands for sustainable development. Using Laughlin’s [1991. Environmental disturbances and organizational transitions and transformations: some alternative models. Organization Studies, 12 (2), 209–232] pathways of change model, the study investigates the interaction between organisational discourses (i.e. its interpretive schemes) and organisational practices (i.e. design archetypes). The findings demonstrate the centrality of organisational discourses, especially those relating to accounting calculative practices, to radical change towards sustainable development. The paper also contributes to the literature on institutional logics, particularly multiple institutional logics, and how these are implicated in change processes.

Emerging pathways of colonization in healthcare from participative approaches to management accounting

Abstract This paper analyses, through the Laughlin and Broadbent framework, the interaction between Management Accounting (MA) (as a design archetype) and clinicians’ interpretative schemes in the change of healthcare organizations, started by reforms introduced by government. Unlike previous research, this paper focuses on the process of MA change and in particular (1) the role played by the government and internal actors in MA change and (2) the implication of MA change for clinicians’ interpretative scheme and for organizational change. We found that the interaction between the government and internal actors determines MA change and that an i ntegrative-interactive approach to MA change can be developed. This approach is based on a collaboration between clinicians and controllers in the revision of MA tools. The integrative-interactive approach underlines a new change pathway of reciprocal colonization , where the interpretative schemes and the design archetypes influence each other in the organizational change triggered by the government.

A Study on Design Archetypes Based on “Without Thought Design”

By analyzing the meaning of “Without Thought Design”, the author tries to sum up the definition of design archetype. Design archetype can help designers accumulate rich experience in product design, and Designers can accumulate more design archetypes through three ways: classic groceries, unconscious actions and potential demand.

How novices design business processes

Process modeling is an important design practice in organizational improvement projects. In this paper, we examine the design of business process diagrams in contexts where novice analysts only have basic design tools such as paper and pencils available, and little to no understanding of formalized modeling approaches. Based on a quasi-experimental study with 89 BPM students, we identify five distinct process design archetypes ranging from textual to hybrid and graphical representation forms. We examine the quality of the designs and identify which representation formats enable an analyst to articulate business rules, states, events, activities, temporal and geospatial information in a process model. We found that the quality of the process designs decreases with the increased use of graphics and that hybrid designs featuring appropriate text labels and abstract graphical forms appear well-suited to describe business processes. We further examine how process design preferences predict formalized process modeling ability. Our research has implications for practical process design work in industry as well as for academic curricula on process design.

Design Archetypes for Phase 2 Clinical Trials in Central Nervous System Disorders

An overarching framework is proposed to guide the design of phase 2 studies in central nervous system disorders. Archetypes are considered for scenarios where dose response is highly relevant in clinical practice, as in the symptomatic treatment of acute disorders. Archetypes for scenarios where dose response is less relevant, as in disease modification for neurodegenerative disorders, are beyond the scope of this article. Primary design archetypes are determined by axes of development that are defined by optimism for success (probability of efficacy) and signal detection (magnitude of the anticipated effect size). The fast-to-registration primary archetype uses a dose-response study as the first efficacy, that is, proof of concept (PoC), study and is appropriate when the prospects for signal detection and the optimism for efficacy are higher. These conditions may exist when the anticipated effect size is large and when either testing a drug with a proven mechanism of action or when a favorable biomarker result was obtained in phase 1. The fast-to-PoC primary archetype tests one dose arm to establish PoC before assessing dose response and is appropriate when the optimism for efficacy and the prospects for signal detection are lower. These conditions may exist when testing a drug with a novel mechanism and/or the anticipated effect size is smaller. Secondary archetypes are used to mitigate the trade-offs between the quick-kill fast-to-PoC approach and the quick-win fast-to-registration approach, and are key areas where adaptive designs can be beneficial.

The order of logics in Swedish sport – feeding the hungry beast of result orientation and commercialization

The purpose of this study was to analyse the dominant logics (Bettis & Pralahad, 1995) that set the stage for the Swedish sports movement. The study was made within the conceptual framework of institutional theory (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983) and the concept of design archetypes (Greenwood & Hinings, 1988). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with six respondents representing six Swedish voluntary sports clubs. The results reveal a design archetype emerging from the Swedish sports movement that is influenced by three dominant logics; the sport-for-all logic, the result-oriented logic and the commercialization/professionalization logic. It is proposed that there is an order in these logics where the sport-for-all logic, promoted by the sports movement itself, is overshadowed by forces originating from the open market and the inherent performance focus of competitive sports, i.e. the commercialization/professionalization logic and the result-oriented logic. Furthermore, it is argued that this order of logics originates from the implementation of attitudes and values in organizational structures that reflect the result-oriented and commercialization/professionalization logics.

Organizational Design Strategy - A Case Study on Nevada State College

This paper presents a proposal of re-design strategy for a higher education institution located in the Southwest. The first section of the document will provide the theoretical background about organizational design archetypes (Overholt, 2003), organizational structure (Galbraith, 1974) and strategic planning (Hambrick & Fredrickson, 2005). The second section presents a background of the organization and the rationale of selection of the archetype that best fits its organizational structure. The third and fourth sections elaborates on seven sub-systems that configure NSC characteristic of flexible organization (Overholt, 2003) addressing mission, genetic core, philosophy, organizational culture, internal and external environment, and people systems and rewards. This document attempts to bridge theory and practice with the application of models that are significant, valid, and useful for strategic design.