Descriptive Survey Results Research Articles

Sexualisierte Gewalt in der Erfahrung Jugendlicher: Ergebnisse einer repr\xe4sentativen Befragung

ZusammenfassungHintergrundSeit 1998 erhebt die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) im Rahmen ihrer Repräsentativbefragung „Jugendsexualität“ Daten zur Verbreitung von sexualisierter Gewalt im Jugendalter. Seither wurde das Messinstrument stetig weiterentwickelt und kann somit auch einen Beitrag zur Bearbeitung der Forschungslücken im Bereich der Prävalenzforschung leisten.ZielAnhand der Ergebnisse der 9. Trendwelle sollen die Prävalenzen erlebter körperlicher und nichtkörperlicher sexualisierter Gewalt in der Erfahrung junger Menschen sowie Daten zu Täterkreisen und zum Disclosure-Verhalten Betroffener dargestellt werden.MethodeAn der kombiniert mündlich-schriftlichen CAPI-Befragung (Computer-assisted Personal Interviewing) nahmen Jugendliche (14–17 Jahre) und junge Erwachsene (18–25 Jahre) teil (N = 6032). Der Fragenkatalog wurde im Rahmen der 2019 durchgeführten 9. Welle u. a. um die Frage nach Lebenszeitprävalenzen zu nichtkörperlicher Gewalt erweitert. Erste Ergebnisse werden hier deskriptiv dargestellt.ErgebnisseSexualisierte Gewalt im Jugendalter wird mehrheitlich innerhalb der eigenen Peergruppe (unter gleichaltrigen Bekannten) erfahren. Auch hinsichtlich des Disclosure-Verhaltens betroffener Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen spielen Gleichaltrige eine übergeordnete Rolle.DiskussionDie Daten bestärken Ergebnisse anderer Dunkelfeldstudien zu den Unterschieden des Erlebens sexualisierter Gewalt in Kindheit und Jugendalter. Die vorliegende Studie trägt zu einem kontinuierlichen Monitoring bei und kann auch zukünftig sexualisierte Gewalt in der aktuellen Generation junger Menschen erfassen. Es gilt, den Studienergebnissen gezielte, evidenzbasierte und zielgruppenspezifische Präventionsmaßnahmen anzuschließen.

Seeking Healthcare During Lockdown: Challenges, Opportunities and Lessons for the Future.

In Aotearoa/New Zealand, the first nation-wide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown occurred from March 23, 2020 to May 13, 2020, requiring most people to stay at home. Health services had to suddenly change how they delivered healthcare and some services were limited or postponed. This study investigated access to healthcare during this lockdown period, whether patients delayed seeking healthcare and reasons for these delays, focusing on the accessibility of primary care services. Adults (aged 18 years or older) who had contact with primary care services were invited through social media and email lists to participate in an online survey (n = 1010) and 38 people were recruited for in-depth interviews. We thematically analysed qualitative data from the survey and interviews, reported alongside relevant descriptive survey results. More than half (55%) of survey respondents delayed seeking healthcare during lockdown. Factors at a national or health system-level that could influence delay were changing public service messages, an excessive focus on COVID-19 and urgent issues, and poor service integration. Influential factors at a primary care-level were communication and outreach, use of technology, gatekeeping, staff manner and the safety of the clinical practice environment. Factors that influenced patients' individual decisions to seek healthcare were the ability to self-manage and self-triage, consciousness of perceived pressure on health services and fear of infection. In future pandemic lockdowns or crises, appropriate access to primary care services can be improved by unambiguous national messages and better integration of services. Primary care practices should adopt rapid proactive outreach to patients, fostering a calm but safe clinical practice environment. More support for patients to self-manage and self-triage appropriately could benefit over-burdened health systems during lockdowns and as part of business as usual in less extraordinary times.

Hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia outpatient management: a survey of 500 French general practitioners.

AimsHow general practitioners (GPs) manage dyskalaemia is currently unknown. This study aimed at describing GP practices regarding hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia diagnosis and management in their outpatients.Methods and resultsA telephone survey was conducted among French GPs with a 20‐item questionnaire (16 closed‐ended questions and 12 open‐ended questions) regarding their usual management of hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia patients, both broadly and more specifically in patients with heart failure and/or chronic kidney disease and/or in patients treated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme/angiotensin receptor blockers or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. We aimed to interview 500 GPs spread geographically throughout France. This descriptive survey results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (if normally distributed or as median and inter‐quartile range if the distribution was skewed). Categorical variables are expressed as frequencies and proportions (%). A total of 500 GPs participated in the study. Dyskalaemia thresholds (for diagnosis and intervention) and management patterns were highly heterogeneous. The mean ± SD (range) potassium level leading to ‘intervene’ was 5.32 ± 0.34 mmol/L (4.5–6.5) for hyperkalaemia and 3.23 ± 0.34 mmol/L (2.0–6.5) for hypokalaemia. Potassium levels leading to refer the patient to the emergency department (ED) were 6.14 ± 0.55 (4.5–10) and 2.69 ± 0.42 mmol/L (1–4), respectively. Potassium binders (51–65%) or potassium supplements (67–74%) were frequently used to manage hyperkalaemia or hypokalaemia. GPs uncommonly referred their dyskalaemic patients to cardiologists or nephrologists (or to the emergency department, if the latter was deemed necessary owing to the severity of the dyskalaemia). We identified an association between the close vicinity of GP office from an ED and ‘referring a heart failure patient’ (19.2% with ED vs. 8.6% without ED) and referring a heart failure and chronic kidney disease patient on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (16.7% with ED vs. 9.3% without ED). Although the majority (67%) of GPs had an electrocardiogram on hand, it was rarely used (14%) in dyskalaemic patients. Subgroup analyses considering gender, age of the participating GPs, and high‐income/low‐income regions did not identify specific patterns regarding the multidimensional aspect of dyskalaemia management.ConclusionsOwing to the considerable heterogeneity of French GP practices toward dyskalaemia diagnosis and management approaches, there is a likely need to standardize (potentially enabled by therapeutic algorithms) practices.

Exploring Beliefs About Exercise Among Pregnant Women in Rural Communities.

Women who are pregnant in rural communities are disproportionally impacted by obesity and sedentary behavior, and this could be related to having negative beliefs about exercise during pregnancy, leading to inactivity. The purpose of this study was to identify self-reported beliefs about exercise among pregnant women in a rural community. Pregnant participants (N = 70) between 8 and 16 weeks' gestation were recruited from an obstetric clinic serving a rural population. An open-ended questionnaire addressing beliefs about exercise and based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior was administered. Descriptive survey results were analyzed by calculating means and frequencies. Open-ended responses were assessed by inductive content analysis. Commonly reported advantages of exercise during pregnancy included improved perinatal health outcomes and weight management. Commonly reported disadvantages included an increase in fatigue and concerns for maternal and fetal safety. Common facilitators of exercise included access to resources, free time or a decrease in demands from work, and support systems including family and friends. Common barriers to exercise included a lack of time, physical changes including feelings of nausea and fatigue, and lack of access to resources. This study was the first to report beliefs about exercise during pregnancy in a rural setting. Responses in the current study suggest potential gaps in knowledge of evidence-based information regarding physical activity during pregnancy. Beliefs as well as reported barriers and facilitators of physical activity during pregnancy were similar those reported in other populations. In addition, access to resources (or lack of) appears to be an important facilitator (or barrier) among women in rural settings; thus, developing strategies designed to overcome this barrier, specifically in rural areas, is critically important. Future intervention strategies need to be tailored specifically to the needs of women living in rural areas.

Competency Requirements for Professional Accountants: Basis for Accounting Curriculum Enhancement

The descriptive survey results showed that competency knowledge, skills and values were almost always used or applied by the professional accountants in their respective works regardless of operations and forms of the business, sector, number of years employed, and level of positions. Accounting and finance knowledge was considered vital in their work. On the other hand, general knowledge and information technology knowledge were occasionally or not often used in work. As to skills, intellectual, interpersonal and communication skills were almost always used by the professional accountants. Teamwork, analytical thinking and writing and oral communications were highlighted. Likewise, professional values, ethics and morals, were almost always observed and practiced in rendering accounting services to the clienteles. Professional accountants also participated in the different CPD activities to earn CPD units. Most of the activities participated were attending trainings, seminars and workshop particularly topics on current and recent issuances on accounting and financial reporting standards. Only few have participated or conducted self directed and or lifelong learning. Premised on these, recommendations were made to enhance accounting curriculum.

The burden of migraine in Belgium: results from the My Migraine Voice Survey.

The burden of migraine in Belgium: results from the My Migraine Voice Survey.

Formal compensation practices in family SMEs

PurposeBy investigating the use of formal compensation practices in family small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the purpose of this paper is to provide important new insights in these issues for academics, as well as family business practitioners, prospective applicants and financiers of family businesses. Moreover, this study includes a contingency that allows to explore heterogeneity across family businesses in their use of formal compensation practices: the CEO type.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 124 small- and medium-sized Belgian family businesses to explore the use of formal compensation practices is analyzed by the author.FindingsThe results support the hypothesis that family firms with a family CEO adopt significantly less formal compensation practices than their counterparts that are led by a non-family CEO.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralizing the findings of this study must be taken with care, as the findings are based on a cross-sectional sample of family SMEs in one country, Belgium. Future research can build on these findings with studies on larger samples in other countries.Practical implicationsThis study may be interesting for family business practitioners and consultants, as it provides insight in the actual use of formal compensation practices that are recommended as a best practice in numerous practitioner handbooks. Also, the results of this study might be important for prospective applicants and financiers, since the compensation system is an important communication device to signal legitimacy to external stakeholders.Originality/valueCompensation issues are among the main challenges SMEs, especially family firms, face. Despite the clear importance of this matter, academic interest has been rather limited. This paper therefore displays sound descriptive survey results and empirically investigates the determinants of the use of formal compensation practices in Belgian family SMEs by distinguishing between different types of family businesses.

Inclusion of Parents in Pediatric Subspecialty Team Rounds: Attitudes of the Family and Medical Team

The importance of the family's involvement in caring for children with cancer is as tremendous as the need to successfully educate our medical students and residents about the value of effective communication and family-centered care. This article presents a model of change undertaken by one large pediatric cancer center to improve family-centered care. The author describes how the inclusion of families in sit-down medical team rounds influenced family, medical trainee, and attending physician satisfaction. Despite initial reluctance from the medical team and early challenges, this model was found to be successful and to have improved the standard of care.Each morning, patients' families were given the opportunity to sign up to attend sit-down team rounds while their child's case was discussed. Participation was voluntary, and parents could ask questions and offer input. Together, the student, resident, fellow, family member, and attending formulated the treatment plan for that day.Family and trainee participants were surveyed for their opinions of the new style of rounds. Family satisfaction was unanimously improved. Medical trainees reported mixed opinions. Families reported increased feelings of inclusion, respect, and having a better understanding of their child's care. Trainees recognized the value in patient care and family satisfaction, but some doubted the benefit to their own training. Details of this change, including challenges faced, as well as the descriptive survey results of both the families and medical trainees, are discussed.

Wheelchair accessibility to public buildings in Istanbul

Background. Accessibility to public environment is the human right and basic need of each citizen and is one of the fundamental considerations for urban planning.Purpose. The aim of this study is to determine the compliance of public buildings in central business districts (CBD) of Istanbul, Turkey, to wheelchair accessibility to the guidelines of the instrument and identify architectural barriers faced by wheelchair users.Methods. This is a descriptive study of 26 public buildings in CBD of Istanbul. The instrument used is the adapted Useh, Moyo and Munyonga questionnaire to collect the data from direct observation and measurement. Descriptive statistics of simple percentages and means are used to explain the compliance to the guidelines of the instrument and wheelchair accessibility.Results. The descriptive survey results indicate that wheelchair users experience many accessibility problems in public environment of the most urbanised city (cultural capital of Europe in 2010) in a developing country.Conclusion. It is found that the major architectural barrier is the public transportation items with the lowest mean compliance (25%). Beside this, the most compliant to the instrument is entrance to building items with 79% as mean percentage. It is also found that there is an intention to improve accessibility when building construction period is investigated. This article describes the example of the compliance of public buildings accessibility when the country has legislation, but lacking regulations about accessibility for the wheelchair users.

Use of Electronic Portfolios for Program Assessment: Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging Department at San Jose State University

Text: The TaskStream electronic portfolio system (Taskstream.com) is a commercially program used in a non-experimental survey design for a pilot study in the department during Spring 2007. A Directed Response Folio (DRF) that outlined expected Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) according to guidelines set forth by the department’s accreditation agencies was developed. Each SLO had one or more academic requirements. Ten students, undergraduate (n 8)/graduate (n 2), volunteered to participate. Students were introduced to TaskStream with a one-hour training session, given TaskStream guides for reference and uploaded required assignments into the electronic portfolio during the semester. Students then completed a 38-question survey embedded in the TaskStream portfolio. Questions addressed student experience with Taskstream structure and format and elicited suggestions for improvement. Descriptive survey results were summarized and compiled by the TaskStream program into an Excel spreadsheet for the Likert scale questions and into a list of responses for each openended question. Of the 33 Likert scale questions, 8 fell into the 3.5 4.0 range (acceptable), 20 in the 4.1 4.5 range (helpful), and 5 in the 4.6 5.0 range (very helpful). Recommendations forwarded to Taskstream for changes in the tools and infrastructure included better “help button” visibility, email forwarding, evaluator alerts, and open source software compatibility. Based on these results, the department will eventually require electronic portfolio use by all students enrolled in the department with implementation beginning in Fall of 2007.

Adjustment of Undergraduate Latino Students at a Southeastern University

College campuses in the southeast United States are striving to understand and serve their newly arriving Latino students to promote adjustment and academic success. The purpose of this article is to outline the cultural components of academic and social integration of Latino college students at one southeastern campus, based on descriptive survey results. Participant responses reflected relatively smooth academic integration but some complications in the social/cultural areas. Implications for student affairs professionals are discussed.

Current Attitudes Toward Voice Studio Teaching Technology: A Bicoastal Survey of Classical Singing Pedagogues

In recent years, the availability of studio teaching technology tools for the classical singing studio has developed exponentially. Nevertheless, the integration of voice analysis technology and other computer-based technology into a traditional classical singing studio can be a daunting task for many teachers, despite fine instructional texts such as those of Garyth Nair (1999) and Scott McCoy (2004). For this reason, The Texas Tech Voice Alliance developed and assessed a bicoastal online survey of classical singing pedagogues in the United States about their perceptions of, and attitudes toward, the use of studio teaching technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current use of this technology and to assess the readiness of these teachers to explore further its possible benefits. Subjects were asked to rank relevant factors associated with voice studio teaching technology in the classical singing studio and respond to questions using calibrated judgment scales. Discussion focuses on descriptive survey results and analyses, including agreement and disagreement between classical singing pedagogues regarding real or perceived uses and future benefits of voice studio teaching technology in their studio programs. Results of this survey provide data on which to base future studies. Building on the record of existing software and related literature, and through ongoing research, this team ultimately intends to expand the survey group and use the results to guide us in further development of user-friendly computer-based technology.

The architectural accessibility of urban facilities to the disabled: a summary of descriptive survey results

The architectural accessibility of urban facilities to the disabled: a summary of descriptive survey results