Descriptive Phenomenological Methodology Research Articles

Religious, Practical and Future-Oriented Coping Strategies to End Intimate Partner Violence: An In-Depth Examination of Ultraorthodox Israeli Women’s Narratives

Abstract Purpose Much attention has been devoted to the ways in which women have made sense of, worked through, coped with, and recovered from Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), but the insights of survivors affiliated with religious minorities are scarce. The purpose of this study is to advance understandings and practices concerning the coping experiences of Ultraorthodox women (UJW) survivors of IPV. Using descriptive phenomenological methodology, in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 Ultraorthodox Israeli women who identified themselves as survivors of IPV. Methods The research design and data analysis were inspired by a phenomenological approach to document, analyze, and understand these women’s subjective experiences on this heretofore under-studied topic. Shenton’s four criteria were assessed to promote the current study’s rigor and trustworthiness. Results Thematic analysis revealed three core themes and seven related sub-themes: (1) Devoting time to spiritual activities (sub-themes: daily prayers and attending Jewish classes); (2) Finding inspiration in a role model (sub-themes: a woman who survived IPV, a well-appreciated rabbi); and, (3) Planning the future (sub-themes: commitment to a new project, helping other women to cope with IPV, and commitment to the future and well-being of their children). Conclusions An integrative synthesis of the findings reveals two distinctive forms of coping: spiritual-based and practical-based coping strategies, that demonstrate the survivors’ multifaceted perceptions and coping narrative with IPV. The strengths and limitations of this study are addressed along with implications for practice and theory.

The perceptions of first point of contact roles in primary care by pre-registration students of the allied health professions.

To develop a better understanding of the perceptions of first point of contact roles within primary care by pre-registration students of the Allied Health Professions (AHPs). General practice in the UK is under growing pressure from declining general practitioner (GP) numbers and increased service demand. The National Health Service (NHS) is attempting to mitigate this demand by making more effective use of its highly experienced workforce through the creation of first contact practitioners (FCPs). Working in primary care, FCPs are highly experienced AHPs with three or more years of relevant clinical experience. An abductive qualitative research approach underpinned by a descriptive phenomenological methodology was adopted. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the focus group transcripts. Twenty two final-year pre-registration AHP students participated in three focus groups. Two themes with sub-themes were identified: (1) Understanding of the role-pathway to the role; role clarity; and sources of knowledge. (2) Impact on service-positives and challenges. This study synthesised new findings from the previously unexplored FCP stakeholder of pre-registration AHP students. Participants generally understood the FCP's purpose of unburdening GPs and perceived the FCP model to contribute to the solution of rising clinical and financial pressures within the NHS, and primary care specifically. However, there was confusion regarding the scope of practice of an FCP. It is vital that the future workforce understand this role through effective education.

Foreign-born nurses as COVID-19 survivors in the Nordic region: A descriptive phenomenological study.

In 2020, amid limited COVID-19 vaccination access, many nurses from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups in the United States of America and United Kingdom succumbed to the virus. No fatalities among Filipino foreign-born nurses (FBNs) in the BAME groups were recorded in the Nordic region. This study explored the experiences of Filipino FBNs in the Nordic region who, during the initial 2020 pandemic wave, cared for COVID-19 patients, contracted the virus and subsequently recovered. The research employed a descriptive phenomenological methodology to explore the experiences of six Filipino FBNs who had recovered from COVID-19 in various regions of the Nordic countries, including Finland (n = 1), Sweden (n = 1), Denmark (n = 2), Norway (n = 1) and Iceland (n = 1). Data collection occurred through online videoconferencing between September 2020 and February 2021, utilising a semi-structured approach. The data analysis was conducted following Sundler and colleagues' qualitative thematic analysis, which is grounded in descriptive phenomenology. The data analysis yielded three primary themes and twelve sub-themes, which explored the experiences of Filipino FBNs with COVID-19 infection. The study demonstrated that unclear national guidelines impacted nurses' preparedness in caring for COVID-19 patients, contributing to their susceptibility to contracting the virus. The lack of occupational healthcare services for nurses during and after the pandemic affected their work morale in an unfamiliar setting. The study provided valuable insights into the experiences of Filipino FBNs during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasising the need for clearer guidelines, enhanced training and improved support for healthcare workers. It highlighted the psychological impact of COVID-19, emphasising the importance of mental health support and stigma reduction efforts. The study also emphasised the significance of improving occupational health services to support the well-being and recovery of healthcare workers during and after the pandemic, with implications for developing comprehensive strategies to protect frontline healthcare workers in health crises.

A Qualitative Pilot Study of Adolescents’ Characteristics and Experiences Delivering a Digital, Intergenerational Music Program to Older Adults with Alzheimer’s and Dementia

ABSTRACT Music interventions show promise to support critical areas of decline for those living with dementia. There is a gap in identifying the skills and experiences necessary to facilitate the music activities in such an intervention. This pilot research creates an understanding of the characteristics and experiences of adolescent musicians who facilitated a digital, intergenerational music intervention. The research team conducted in-depth interviews with the adolescent participants and used descriptive phenomenological methodology. Eight adolescent musicians participated in the study, ranging from 14 to 18 years old. For characteristics, adolescents reported prior experience in music and key social supports. For experiences, adolescents reported decreased performance anxiety and increase in human connection and understanding of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. There is potential for researchers to explore if adolescents who facilitate such a music intervention experience less performance anxiety as well as more empathy for those living with dementia.

To use or not to use ChatGPT and assistive artificial intelligence tools in higher education institutions? The modern-day conundrum – students’ and faculty’s perspectives

Students’ use of Artificial Intelligence tools to complete assignments spawns issues in academic integrity. The purpose of this study was to explore students’ and faculty’s perspectives on the benefits and challenges of using ChatGPT and assistive Artificial intelligence (AI) tools to complete assignments. This descriptive phenomenological qualitative methodology study encompassed interviews with eight students who used Large Language Models (LLMs) AI tools to complete their assignments and nine students who did not. It also contains interviews with six Faculty and their perspectives on students’ use of Large Language Models (LLMs) AI tools to complete their assignments and their thoughts on the benefits and challenges. The participants were purposively selected. The data were coded based on Braun and Clarke’s (2013) six steps in thematic analysis. Descriptive, in vivo, and evaluative coding were used. Additionally, data were examined semantically and latently using reductionist analysis to determine the final themes. Five components of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTTAUT) were applied to the data collected and provided the framework for the study. Behavioural intention served as the foundation. Effort and Performance Expectancies, and facilitating conditions were exemplified in participants’ responses about the use of ChatGPT, Grammarly, and other AI assistive tools, plagiarism/academic integrity, and social influence were indicated when participants (both Students and Faculty) suggested the need for the development of policies and procedures toward the appropriate use of AI tools. Effort and performance expectancies and habits were found in the data collected in the form of consideration of the pros of using AI tools such as ChatGPT and assistive tools. These include the time saved by generating information, examples for both students and Faculty, and help in the teaching/learning process, and one participant found that it motivated her. The cons cited were students’ lack of creativity and the inability to think critically, the cost of the AI assistive tools (related to the component Price), the bandwidth needed to use them, the digital divide, and the false information generated. This study has significance for the use of ChatGPT and assistive AI tools in education and the ethical implications. It is recommended that specific policies be established and enacted to ensure the appropriate use of assistive and Artificial Intelligence (LLMs) tools.

Exploring Community Participation in Prevention and Care of Tuberculosis from Patients’, Healthcare Providers’ and Community Member’s Perspective, In Wolayta Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. A Qualitative Study

Background: In developing countries, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality. To reduce the loss of lives and economical burden that TB poses up on citizens, early case detection and successful treatment of infected cases are very essential mainly with active community participation in prevention and care of TB. This study was aimed to explore community participation in prevention and care of TB in Wolayta Zone of SNNPR, Ethiopia. Method: Descriptive phenomenological research methodology was employed in the study. A total 24 participants were chosen using purposive sampling technique. Participants in the study were from various sections of society. Of these, 14 were TB patients on TB treatment and former TB patients who were recovered, 8 were health professionals and 2 were Key Informants which were selected from the community to provide key information. Data were gathered through focus groups and in-depth interviews. Using the Open Code and Colaizi 7 steps of descriptive phenomenological method data analysis was used. Interviews were audio recorded, verbatim transcribed, translated, and exhaustive description was written. Results: Community participation in prevention and care of TB in study area was high. Preventive participation and supportive participations were identified and these participations have their own goals in TB prevention and care. Preventive participation has focused on early case finding strategies like referring the suspect cases for TB diagnosis and contact tracing. Supportive participation has focused on treatment success such physical, economical, psychological and social supports which increase the patients adherence to treatment and as result increases treatment success rate. Conclusion. Our study revealed highto moderate community participation in tuberculosis prevention and care in the the study area. The finding is that the TB prevention and care strategy for eliminating TB will be operationally effective. In cumulative effect, the region might be able to meet the WHO's recommendations for the community TB prevention and care plan, which call for case notification of more than 70% and an 85% success rate for treatment and all seek to eliminating TB by 2030. Therefore, the study emphasizes the necessity for effective communication to be established between community and the health institutions. To further raise TB notification and treatment success rates, all feasible methods of utilizing community participation in TB care are advised.

Addressing the communication needs of cancer patients for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) investigations–A phenomenological study on the experiences of MRI radiographers

IntroductionA higher demand in MRI services could increase the pressure on MRI departments to increase scanning efficiency. This presents the risk of downplaying person-centred care especially for cancer patients with increased communication needs that result from anxiety associated with the nature of their disease. This study explored the experiences of MRI radiographers in addressing the communication needs of cancer patients attending for MRI examinations. MethodsThe study adopted a descriptive phenomenological methodology. Single contact interviews were conducted on eight MRI specialist radiographers, and these were recorded and transcribed using Microsoft Teams conferencing platform. Thematic analysis of the transcribed data was done through an inductive approach, breaking down the data into meaningful codes and thereafter, into themes and sub-themes. ResultsCommon themes generated from the interview data included: identified communication needs, approach to communication needs, support for radiographers and factors affecting communication. Experiences of MRI radiographers indicated increased communication needs in anxious cancer patients and approaches adopted in addressing these were mainly through listening and use of empathetic gestures. Some radiographers admitted to using “blocking” strategies to avoid being drawn into emotionally exhausting conversations. Both intrinsic factors such as radiographers' personality and experience; and extrinsic factors such as time constraints, demanding workload, inadequate staffing, and skill mix were noted to influenced MRI radiographers in addressing these communication needs. ConclusionCancer patients can present with communication needs due to anxieties related to their disease. For the radiographer to deal with these needs, adequate support is needed, and necessary steps taken to address the identified influencing factors. Implications for practiceMRI departments should encourage enabling environment and services that address communication needs of patients with cancer.

Virtual Health Promotion Work-Integrated Learning Placements: A COVID-19 Consequence or Preparation for the Future?

We explored student and industry supervisors' experiences of virtual work-integrated learning (vWIL) health promotion placements during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a descriptive phenomenological qualitative methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews with eight students and eight supervisors of undergraduate health promotion-related placements at community, not-for-profit and government organizations. We asked participants about the aspects of their placement they found most enjoyable and challenging, their preparation, workload, and thoughts on placement structure. We audio-recorded and had the interviews transcribed. Our thematic analyses revealed four key themes: (1) the impact of COVID-19 on work and study, (2) benefits of vWIL (real-world application and career clarification, transcending barriers and saving time, and feeling less intimidated), (3) challenges of vWIL (experiencing workplace culture, providing support and guidance to students, and relationship building), and (4) recommendations on the evolution of vWIL (increased preparation and consider a hybrid model). Our findings suggest that vWIL is a viable and sound mode of delivery for health promotion-related placements, particularly in situations that inhibit face-to-face learning. It has the capacity to enhance the work-readiness of health promotion graduates while adding flexibility to professional preparation workplace-based training programs, providing opportunity for capacity building locally across rural and remote areas, as well as globally. Future research should examine the effectiveness, practicality, and feasibility of implementing placements across different models including face-to-face, virtual and hybrid.

Communication and access to healthcare: Experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people managing pain in Queensland, Australia.

Pain management requires a multidisciplinary approach and a collaborative relationship between patient-provider in which communication is crucial. This study examines the communication experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Hospital Liaison Officers (ATSIHLOs), to improve understanding of how pain is managed in and through patient-health professional communication. This qualitative study involved a purposive sample of patients attending three persistent pain clinics and ATSIHLOs working in two hospitals in Queensland, Australia. Focus groups and in-depth interviews explored the communication experiences of patients managing pain and ATSIHLOs supporting patients with pain. This study adopted a descriptive phenomenological methodology, as described by Colaizzi (1978). Relevant statements (patient and ATSIHLOs quotes) about the phenomenon were extracted from the transcripts to formulate meanings. The formulated meanings were subsequently sorted into thematic clusters and then integrated into themes. The themes were then incorporated into a concise description of the phenomenon of communication within pain management. Findings were validated by participants. A total of 21 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants were involved in this study. Exploration of the communication experiences of patients and ATSIHLOs revealed overlapping themes of important barriers to and enablers of communication that affected access to care while managing pain. Acknowledging historical and cultural factors were particularly important to build trust between patients and health professionals. Some patients reported feeling stigmatized for identifying as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, while others were reluctant to disclose their background for fear of not having the same opportunity for treatment. Differences in the expression of pain and the difficulty to use standard pain measurement scales were identified. Communication was described as more than the content delivered, it is visual and emotional expressed through body language, voice intonation, language and the speed of the conversation. Communication can significantly affect access to pain management services. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients highlighted the burden of emotional pain caused by historical factors, negative stereotypes and the fear of discrimination. Pain management services and their health professionals need to acknowledge how these factors impact patients trust and care.

The Roman Catholic Church and Youth Unemployment in South-East Nigeria

Abstract Like many places in Africa, youth unemployment in Nigeria is massive. Granted, some scholars have deliberated on the role of the Church in Nigeria in tackling it; their preoccupation, however, has been majorly with the Church in Nigeria as a whole, rather than with individual churches. Employing historical and descriptive phenomenological methodology, this article, on the contrary, considers the role of the Roman Catholic Church in South-East Nigeria, in the fight against the same issue, of youth unemployment. The article, among others, makes a case for a much more participation of faith-based organizations in confronting the many social problems facing the youths in contemporary Africa.

Parents of Children with Down Syndrome and Their Interactions with Pediatric Health Care Providers

Purpose The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of parent's, who have a child with Down Syndrome (DS), personal experiences with their child's primary pediatric health care providers (PPHCPs). Background Literature has shown that parents are often dissatisfied with health care providers interactions at the time of their child's initial diagnosis with DS. The literature is lacking in describing parental experiences, beyond the initial diagnosis, with PPHCPs, as their child ages. Method This was a qualitative inquiry using a descriptive phenomenological methodology. The parents were self-identified as the child's primary care-taker and the main parent that accompanies the child to health care appointments. The inquiry consisted of recorded, semi-structured interviews that were transcribed. Colaizzi's (1978) seven-step method and NVivo software were used to extract overall themes that describe the phenomenon. Results The sample consisted of 10 parents who have a school-aged child with DS between the ages of 6-11 years. The following nine parental themes emerged: (1) the need for their children with DS to be viewed and treated as individuals; (2) personal hopes and dreams for their children; (3) the need for respectful empathetic communication; (4) a PPHCP that is knowledgeable about DS; (5) acknowledgment that the parent is an expert regarding their child and is a partner in care; (6) PPHCP collaboration with specialists and navigation of care; (7) a desire for a trusting relationship with the PPHCP ensuring the child and parental needs will be met; (8) anticipatory guidance about their child's individual growth and development; (9) reliance upon the DS community for recommendations on resources for their child. Conclusions This study provided insight on communication and interactions between parents of school-aged children with DS and their PPHCPs. Parental needs are an important consideration in this setting. PPHCPs interactions with parents on condition-specific health education and anticipatory guidance can direct relationship-based care necessary to optimize outcomes of the child with DS. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of parent's, who have a child with Down Syndrome (DS), personal experiences with their child's primary pediatric health care providers (PPHCPs). Literature has shown that parents are often dissatisfied with health care providers interactions at the time of their child's initial diagnosis with DS. The literature is lacking in describing parental experiences, beyond the initial diagnosis, with PPHCPs, as their child ages. This was a qualitative inquiry using a descriptive phenomenological methodology. The parents were self-identified as the child's primary care-taker and the main parent that accompanies the child to health care appointments. The inquiry consisted of recorded, semi-structured interviews that were transcribed. Colaizzi's (1978) seven-step method and NVivo software were used to extract overall themes that describe the phenomenon. The sample consisted of 10 parents who have a school-aged child with DS between the ages of 6-11 years. The following nine parental themes emerged: (1) the need for their children with DS to be viewed and treated as individuals; (2) personal hopes and dreams for their children; (3) the need for respectful empathetic communication; (4) a PPHCP that is knowledgeable about DS; (5) acknowledgment that the parent is an expert regarding their child and is a partner in care; (6) PPHCP collaboration with specialists and navigation of care; (7) a desire for a trusting relationship with the PPHCP ensuring the child and parental needs will be met; (8) anticipatory guidance about their child's individual growth and development; (9) reliance upon the DS community for recommendations on resources for their child. This study provided insight on communication and interactions between parents of school-aged children with DS and their PPHCPs. Parental needs are an important consideration in this setting. PPHCPs interactions with parents on condition-specific health education and anticipatory guidance can direct relationship-based care necessary to optimize outcomes of the child with DS.

Work-Life Experiences of Female Migrant Workers: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study

The prior events, information, and feelings that make up someone’s life or character are referred to as their experience. Some have had negative experiences, while others are glad to be able to work and contribute to the family’s economic wellbeing. This paper aimed to provide a snapshot of the experience of female migrant workers in Taiwan using a descriptive phenomenological methodology. According to the findings of the study, participants’ experiences included difficulty in communication, fulfilment, abuse, and adjustment to the culture. Many factors that cause migrant worker problems have emerged since the pre-placement of migrant workers in the country. That means that many factors will impact the experience of female migrant workers. Also, there are many variations of experience during working and normal life.
 Keywords: migrant worker, experience

Women trainee therapists’ growth experiences during their Guided Imagery and Music qualification training in South Korea

ABSTRACT Introduction Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) qualification training is an experience-centered training course. It emphasizes inner exploration and healing through self-therapy and teaches therapy skills to enhance trainee therapists’ professionalism. The aim of this phenomenological study was to explore the perceived growth experiences of women trainee therapists during their GIM qualification training in South Korea. Method This study utilized a descriptive phenomenological methodology. Seven Korean trainee therapists participated in this study. The data were collected using in-depth interviews. Colaizzi’s method was used to extract significant statements, formulate meanings, identify themes and the essential aspects of the trainees’ perceived growth experiences. Results The data analysis yielded 23 meaning units, nine themes, and three essential aspects related to the trainees’ growth experiences during GIM training. The themes include avoidance and resistance, thorough (esoteric) training, public eye, individual circumstances, therapeutic power of GIM, training methods and environment, motivation and effort to grow as therapists, personal growth, and professional growth. The three essential aspects of the trainees’ perceived growth experiences are growth challenges, the power to grow, and a two-faceted nature of growth. Discussion This study corroborates and extends the research findings of previous studies on the training of GIM therapists. Also, it identifies some contradictions in the trainees’ growth experiences that could be attributed to cultural factors. Although the study was not set up to evaluate GIM training programs, it provides some practical suggestions for GIM training programs in South Korea.

Optimism despite profound uncertainty: school and social relationships in adolescents with single ventricle heart disease.

Survivors of single ventricle heart disease must cope with the physical, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial sequelae of their cardiac disease, which may also affect academic achievement and social relationships. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the experiences of school and social relationships in adolescents with single ventricle heart disease. A descriptive phenomenological methodology was employed, utilising semi-structured interviews. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained via chart review. Fourteen adolescents (aged 14 to 19 years) with single ventricle heart disease participated. Interviews ranged from 25 to 80 minutes in duration. Four themes emerged from the interviews, including "Don't assume": Pervasive ableism; "The elephant in the room": Uncertain future; "Everyone finds something to pick on": Bullying at school; "They know what I have been through": Social support. The overall essence generated from the data was "optimism despite profound uncertainty." Adolescents with single ventricle heart disease identified physical limitations and school challenges in the face of an uncertain health-related future. Despite physical and psychosocial limitations, most remained optimistic for the future and found activities that were congruent with their abilities. These experiences reflect "optimism despite profound uncertainty."

Husserlian phenomenology in Korean nursing research: analysis, problems, and suggestions.

PurposeThis paper is a critical review of the descriptive phenomenological methodology in Korean nursing research. We propose constructive suggestions for the improvement of descriptive phenomenological methodology in light of Husserl’s phenomenological approaches.MethodsUsing the keywords of ‘phenomenology,’ ‘experience,’ and ‘nursing,’ we identify and analyze 64 Korean empirical phenomenological studies (selected from 282 studies) published in 14 Korean nursing journals from 2005 to 2018. The PubMed and the Korea Citation Index were used to identify the studies.ResultsOur analysis shows that all the reviewed articles used Giorgi’s or Colaizzi’s scientific phenomenological methodology, without critical attention to Husserl’s philosophical phenomenological principles.ConclusionThe use of scientific phenomenology in nursing research, which originated in North America, has become a global phenomenon, and Korean phenomenological nursing research has faithfully followed this scholarly trend. This paper argues that greater integration of Husserlian phenomenological principles into scientific phenomenological methodology in nursing research, such as participant-centered bracketing and eidetic reduction, is needed to ensure that scientific phenomenology lives up to its promise as a research methodology.

Husserlian Phenomenology in Korean Nursing Research: Analysis, Problems, and Suggestions

Purpose: This paper is a critical review of descriptive phenomenological methodology in Korean nursing research. We propose constructive suggestions for the improvement of descriptive phenomenological methodology in light of Husserl's phenomenological approaches. Methods: Using the key words of 'phenomenology,' 'experience,' and 'nursing,' we identify and analyze 64 Korean empirical phenomenological studies (selected from 282 studies) published in 14 Korean nursing journals from 2005 to 2018. The PubMed and the Korea Citation Index were used to identify the studies. Results: Our analysis shows that all the reviewed articles used Giorgi's or Colaizzi's scientific phenomenological methodology, without critical attention to Husserl's philosophical phenomenological principles. Conclusions: The use of scientific phenomenology in nursing research, which originated in North America, has become a global phenomenon, and Korean phenomenological nursing research has faithfully followed this scholarly trend. This paper argues that greater integration of Husserlian phenomenological principles into scientific phenomenological methodology in nursing research, such as participant-centered bracketing and eidetic reduction, is needed to ensure that scientific phenomenology lives up to its promise as a research methodology.

Preventing frailty in older people: An exploration of primary care professionals' experiences.

An increasing number of the ageing population worldwide is at risk of becoming frail and incapacitated. This has the potential to impact not only on the well-being of individuals but also on the sustainability of healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to explore the views and experiences of frailty from the perspective of primary care professionals, including nurses, who work directly with older people within the community. A qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological methodology was used, which focused on exploration of primary care professionals' current experiences of early detection and prevention of the onset of frailty. Four multi-professional focus groups were held with a total of thirty-three primary care professionals who worked with older people as part of their daily role. Participants included district nurses, general practitioners, home care workers, physiotherapists and social workers. Professional views encompassed typical patterns of ageing, loneliness, presence of comorbidity, disability and end of life, with social conditions prevalent in most frailty they encountered. Three main themes emerged: the psychosocial nature of frailty, late detection of frailty and barriers to the feasibility of prevention. Physical frailty was considered a constituent part of ageing, which recognised the presence of a skills gap related to the detection of the early signs of frailty. Present health and social care systems are not designed to prevent frailty, and the competencies required by health and social care professionals are not usually included as part of their training curricula. This may hinder opportunities to intervene to prevent associated decline in ability of older adults. To enhance the early assessment of frailty and the planning of preventive multi-factorial interventions in primary care and community settings, training and effective detection strategies should be incorporated into the role and daily care activities of primary care professionals. Using a multidimensional assessment instrument can help primary care professionals to identify older people who are frail or may become frail. In order to be able to carry out this properly strong inter-professional collaboration is needed. In addition, interventions aimed at preventing frailty or adverse outcomes of frailty should be tailor-made and thus should meet the needs and wishes of an older person.

Exploring student nurses' and their link lecturers' experiences of reasonable adjustments in clinical placement.

student nurses who attend preregistration nursing programmes in the UK are assessed on their academic work and their performance in clinical placement. Some of them require reasonable adjustments to be made in order to support their learning. Although there is national guidance on making reasonable adjustments for academic work, information on this associated with clinical placement is limited. The nursing literature reports varying levels of success in facilitating reasonable adjustments in clinical placement. to explore the experiences of student nurses who require reasonable adjustments and their link lecturers associated with the facilitation of this support in clinical placement. a descriptive phenomenological methodology was adopted. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with seven student nurses and three link lecturers from three fields of nursing (adult, child and mental health). Audiorecorded interview data were transcribed, coded and thematically analysed. Phenomena were identified and discussed, viewed through relevant educational theoretical lenses and in conjunction with nursing research literature. three main themes emerged: defining reasonable adjustments, supporting students, and being professional. all study participants could define reasonable adjustments and described a variety of experiences of these being facilitated in clinical placement. The process could be complex and depended on many factors that could promote or hinder the provision of support.

Older patients' experiences of nurse-to-nurse collaboration between hospital and primary health care in the care chain for older people.

Nurse-to-nurse collaboration between nurses working in hospital and primary health care in the older people care chain is essential to ensure the continuity of care. The nature of good collaboration in this context is understood usually from the perspective of collaborating nurses. However, there seems to be a lack of research about this collaboration from the older patient's perspective who are at the centre of the collaboration. To describe older patient's experiences of the collaboration between hospital and primary healthcare nurses delivering care to older people. A qualitative approach based on a descriptive phenomenological methodology was used. Individual interviews were conducted using a purposeful sample of older patients (n=18) who were cared for both in hospital and primary healthcare organisations. A qualitative data analysis method informed by Giorgi was used. The essence of the experience of nurse-to-nurse collaboration between hospital and primary health care was expressed as follows: the meaning of collaboration; the elements of collaboration valued; the visibility of collaboration; older patient involvement in collaboration; interaction within collaboration; and future expectations of collaboration. Although nurse-to-nurse collaboration between hospital and primary health care was not often visible to older patients, they highlighted the importance of this collaboration to ensure the continuity of care. The participants would have liked to be part of the collaborating group, at the centre of care, cared for by motivated nurses who had a clear understanding of their patients' health status. This study emphasises the need for improving collaboration between hospital and primary healthcare nurses by making it more visible and facilitating older patients' participation. The results demonstrate the need to understand patient perspectives in the development of care and the services provided for older people.

Lived Experiences of Private Guidance Counselors As Classroom Teachers

Guidance and counseling has long been recognized as a nurturer of students. Its services and programs focus giving insights to gear students toward achievement of personal competence,being aware of his or her surroundings and relating to significant others with social values. One of the many ways to reach more students is through a guidance core curriculum. This paper defines the concept of classroom guidance as a guidance activity in both career counseling and youth support practice. It introduces the idea for planning, preparing and delivering group sessions. This part of the delivery system must provide appropriate personal/social, educational and vocational approach for student to best understand themselves and their environment. Hence, guidance counselors who facilitate need to be prepared to efficiently manage a classroom. A descriptive phenomenological research methodology was utilized to illustrate the experiences of five guidance counselors as classroom guidance teachers. The findings depict that their experiences were manipulated by: (a) prior experience, (b) administrative support, (c) rapport with students, (d) potential role conflict and (e) teaching style. Implications include guidance counselors, counselor education curricula and future researches are discussed.