Description Of Model Research Articles

Editing data using the “Transformation” model

The problem of coordinating the semantics of data presented within different models has remained relevant for a significant period of time. First of all, this is related to the convenience of work for users who are accustomed to certain tools, for example, spreadsheets. The data prepared in these environments needs to be loaded into a centralized database, which makes it possible to get rid of duplication and inconsistency of data. An obstacle to this path is the problem of data reconciliation. Editing data directly in the database is a difficult task for non-programmer users. The traditional way to solve this problem is to develop special applications that have limited functionality. This paper proposes a technology that allows editing data in a database using spreadsheets, making their rich functionality available. The main difference from similar approaches is the use of the “Transformation” model, which makes the presentation of data convenient for human perception. Since the “Transformation” data model differs significantly from the relational model, there is a need to reconcile data between the database and spreadsheets. To solve similar problems, L.A. Kalinichenko proposed a method of commutative transformations in databases. In this paper, this technique, with some modifications, is used in algorithms for transferring data from a database to “Transformation” and back. The article presents an overview of works on the problem of data matching in various sources, a description of the data model “Transformation”, including: a description of the table schema, conditions for the existence of a table instance and data editing operations. The paper describes an algorithm for loading data into a table from a database and the algorithm for transforming data in a database in accordance with changes in the table, defines the conditions for the commutativity of the transformations, and presents a proof of the correctness of the transformations.

Validation of prognostic models predicting mortality or ICU admission in patients with COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries: a global individual participant data meta-analysis

BackgroundWe evaluated the performance of prognostic models for predicting mortality or ICU admission in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Clinical Platform, a repository of individual-level clinical data of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, including in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe identified eligible multivariable prognostic models for predicting overall mortality and ICU admission during hospital stay in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 from a living review of COVID-19 prediction models. These models were evaluated using data contributed to the WHO Global Clinical Platform for COVID-19 from nine LMICs (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, India, Niger, Nigeria, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). Model performance was assessed in terms of discrimination and calibration.ResultsOut of 144 eligible models, 140 were excluded due to a high risk of bias, predictors unavailable in LIMCs, or insufficient model description. Among 11,338 participants, the remaining models showed good discrimination for predicting in-hospital mortality (3 models), with areas under the curve (AUCs) ranging between 0.76 (95% CI 0.71–0.81) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.77–0.89). An AUC of 0.74 (95% CI 0.70–0.78) was found for predicting ICU admission risk (one model). All models showed signs of miscalibration and overfitting, with extensive heterogeneity between countries.ConclusionsAmong the available COVID-19 prognostic models, only a few could be validated on data collected from LMICs, mainly due to limited predictor availability. Despite their discriminative ability, selected models for mortality prediction or ICU admission showed varying and suboptimal calibration.

A Survey to Capture the Mobility Behavior of Residents in the Republic of Cyprus

In today's highly mobile world, people of all age groups constantly move between various locations, such as their homes, grocery stores, schools, and workplaces, reflecting the dynamic nature of modern society. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the profound impact of human mobility on the rapid spread of the virus within and between urban areas. The current study investigates the daily mobility behaviors of residents of the Republic of Cyprus. Through a comprehensive survey, the research documents travel patterns, commuting habits, and transportation preferences across various age groups and districts of Cyprus. With a total of 787 responses from all districts of Cyprus, data was collected through an online survey from 20/11/2023 to 20/02/2024. Data analysis includes descriptive methods and statistical modeling techniques in order to provide insights into the patterns of human mobility. Key findings include insights into travel distances, frequencies, duration and means of transportation, and timelines of mobility activities during typical workdays, as well as during weekends.

Determinants of Market Participation among Vegetable Growers in West Coast Region, The Gambia

Aims: This study aimed to identify factors that influencing vegetable growers' decision to participate in output market in the West Coast Region of The Gambia. Study Design: A cross-sectional data involving a sample of 138 vegetable producers were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Methodology: Data was collected through in-person interview using semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and Probit model. Results: Results from Probit model analysis show that gender, access to transportation, access to credit, belonging to a farmer association, and access to market information were the main significant factors influencing vegetable growers to participate in the output market. Conclusion: The findings highlight that government and other stakeholders dedicated to supporting the well-being of vegetable growers need to improve the existing infrastructure, strengthen farmer organizations, and enhancing access to credit and market information.

Gravitational waves from patterns of electroweak symmetry breaking: an effective perspective

Abstract The future space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detectors would provide a promising probe for the new physics beyond the standard model that admits the first-order phase transitions. The predictions for the GW background vary sensitively among different concrete particle physics models but also share a large degeneracy in the model buildings, which motivates an effective model description on the phase transition based on different patterns of the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). 
In this paper, using the scalar $N$-plet model as a demonstration, we propose an effective classification for three different patterns of EWSB: (1) radiative symmetry breaking with classical scale invariance, (2) Higgs mechanism in generic scalar extension, and (3) higher dimensional operators.
We conclude that a strong first-order phase transition could be realized for (1) and (2) with a small quartic coupling and a small isospin of an additional $N$-plet field for the light scalar field model with and without the classical scale invariance, and (3) with a large mixing coupling between scalar fields and a large isospin of the $N$-plet field for the heavy scalar field model.

Parental Views and Experiences on the Instruction of Safety Skills to Children with ASD

Introduction: The problems in social interaction and communication, limited interest, and repetitive behavior observed in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increase the vulnerability of these children to security risks. Research demonstrated that children with ASD are more vulnerable to security risks when compared to children with typical development. The present study aimed to determine the views and experiences of parents of children with ASD on safety skills and instruction of these skills. Method: The study was designed with the descriptive model. Participants were assigned with the criterion sampling, maximum variation sampling, and convenience sampling methods. The study data were collected from 43 parents in semi-structured interviews and analyzed with the descriptive approach. Findings: More than half of the participants described safety skills as learning the skills that would protect the child, and they previously experienced situations that threatened the safety of their children, and they had taken precautions to ensure the safety of their children by reducing the exposure of their children to dangerous situations or increasing surveillance. A significant number of the participants stated that safety skills could be instructed, while nearly half stated that the children were not instructed safety skills at school. Most participants stated that they had experience in the instruction of safety skills, they usually instructed these verbally or by warning their children, albeit the instruction was challenging. Discussion: It was observed that parents' knowledge, teaching experience, and views on the definition and scope of safety skills were limited. The study findings were generally consistent with the findings reported in the literature. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that parents did not prioritize the instruction of safety skills and did not assist their children in safe responses and self-protection. The awareness, knowledge, and teaching skills of parents of children with ASD should be improved in terms of safety skills.

Remote Sensing Technologies Quantify the Contribution of Ambient Air Pollution to Asthma Severity and Risk Factors in Greenness, Air Pollution, and Wildfire Ecological Settings: A Literature Review

Numerous epidemiologic studies have used remote sensing to quantify the contribution of greenness, air pollution, and wildfire smoke to asthma and other respiration outcomes. This is the first review paper to evaluate the influence of remote sensing exposures on specific outcome severity and risk factors in different ecological settings. Literature searches utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar identified 61 unique studies published between 2009 and 2023, with 198 specific outcomes. Respiration-specific outcomes were lower in greenness and higher in air pollution and wildfire ecological settings. Aerosol optical depth (AOD)-PM2.5 readings and specific outcomes were higher in economically developing than in economically developed countries. Prospective studies found prenatal and infant exposure to higher ambient AOD-PM2.5 concentration level readings contributed to higher childhood asthma incidence. Lung function was higher in greenness and lower in the other two ecological settings. Age, environment, gender, other, and total risk factors showed significant differences between health outcomes and ecological settings. Published studies utilized physiologic mechanisms of immune, inflammation, and oxidative stress to describe obtained results. Individual and total physiologic mechanisms differed between ecological settings. Study results were used to develop a descriptive physiologic asthma model and propose updated population-based asthma intervention program guidelines.

Size-Dependent Multiexciton Dynamics Governs Scintillation From Perovskite Quantum Dots.

The recent emergence of quantum-confined nanomaterials in the field of radiation detection, in particular lead halide perovskite nanocrystals, offers scalability and performance advantages over conventional materials. This development raises fundamental questions about the mechanism of scintillation itself at the nanoscale and the role of particle size, arguably the most defining parameter of quantum dots. Understanding this is crucial for the design and optimization of future nanotechnology scintillators. In this work, these open questions are addressed by theoretically and experimentally studying the size-dependent scintillation of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals using a combination of Monte Carlo simulations, spectroscopic, and radiometric techniques. The results show that the simultaneous effects of size-dependent energy deposition, (multi-)exciton population, and light emission under ionizing excitation, typical of confined particles, combine to maximize the scintillation efficiency and time performance of larger nanocrystals due to greater stopping power and reduced Auger decay. The agreement between theory and experiment produces a fully validated descriptive model that predicts the scintillation yield and kinetics of nanocrystals without free parameters, providing fundamental guidance for the rational design of nanoscale scintillators.

Kreativitas Linguistik dalam Iklan E-Commerce : Studi Perbandingan Wacana Persuasif antara Shopee dan Blibli

This study aims to describe and analyze the discourse structure consisting of macro structure, supra structure, micro structure, and discourse contained in Shopee and Blibli online shopping advertisements. The object of the research is the transcript of online shopping advertisements from Shopee and Blibli. The data collection methods used were advertising observation and doing advertising transcripts so that the final data used was in the form of text. This data was then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis model of Teun A Van Dijk's discourse analysis theory. From the data studied, the results of the study showed that (1) the macro structure or theme in the transcript of online shopping ads was seen in the entire content. The themes were big discounts, free shipping, cash back bonuses and discount vouchers. (2) The super structure consisted of (a) an introduction to the issue, (b) a series of arguments, (c) a statement of invitation, (d) a reaffirmation. (3) Microstructure consists of (a) background, (b) details, (c) meaning, (d) coherence marker, (e) stylistic, (f) rhetoric, (g) graphic use. (4) The discourse contained in the text was a persuasive discourse.

New models for adiabatic and isentropic flow description in tubular friction and adiabatic exponent generalization

New models for adiabatic and isentropic flow description in tubular friction and adiabatic exponent generalization

A review of primary school students attitudes towards visual arts course and their painting performances

This study aims to examine the attitudes of fourth-grade primary school students towards the Visual Arts Course and the success levels of their painting performances. The study is a descriptive scanning model with a quantitative research approach. The study was conducted in two class hours at a public primary school located in Hatay/Reyhanlı center in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. The study group consisted of 55 students aged 8-11 from classes 4-A and 4-B. While collecting the research data, the "Attitude Scale Towards Visual Arts Course" and the "Student Products (Paintings) Evaluation Form (Rubric)" were used. Descriptive analyses and t-tests were applied to the Attitude Scale Data. Descriptive statistics were applied to the data obtained in the evaluation of the paintings. Based on the findings, it is seen that the attitudes of the fourth-grade students towards the visual arts course are at a medium level. The attitudes of the students towards the course were compared according to their gender and age and no statistically significant difference was found. As a result of the paintings evaluated according to the Student Products (Paintings) Evaluation Form (Rubric), the students generally have a medium level of success in all criteria. While the highest average score was received from the criterion of "The work being appropriate to the subject", the lowest score was received from the sub-dimensions of "Image richness", "Using colours (originality, richness, colour transitions in the use of colours) and "Movement-Rhythm". As a result, both the attitudes of the fourth-grade students towards the visual arts course and the paintings they made in the course are consistent within themselves, but the fact that they are at a medium level in both cases reveals that the issue needs to be emphasized.

Cervical Cancer 2010-2019: An Upper Midwest Catchment of 40,000 Square Miles.

American Indian (AI) women have a higher incidence and mortality from cervical cancer than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women in the US. Our purpose is to detail the clinical events in the cervical cancer prevention continuum among the AI and White women with cervical cancer on the US frontier. A cancer center with a nearly 40,000 square-mile catchment area maintained a detailed cancer registry connected to the clinic records of all cervical cancer patients between 2010-2019. This catchment area provided records of both an AI and a White population. Descriptive and inferential statistics and modeling predictions detailed the prevention continuum. Among the 126 with cervical cancer, 20% were AI, and 78% were White. Sixty percent did not participate in cervical cancer screening within the 5 years before their diagnosis, and on average, 9.2 years passed since the last cervical cancer screening. 91% presented with symptoms, and most women presented with 2 or more symptoms. Thirteen percent underwent a colposcopic diagnostic step, significantly delaying the time to diagnosis compared to other diagnostic steps. Sixty-nine percent of the histopathologic diagnoses were squamous cell carcinoma, and 27% were adenocarcinoma. Forty-nine percent presented at stage I regardless of histopathology. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were most commonly combined. Sixty-three percent of the population survived, and 42% survived at least 3 years from diagnosis. Younger age and earlier stages at diagnosis were the significant adjusted predictors of survival. Our detailed cervical cancer prevention continuum events provide new data questioning the use of colposcopy for women symptomatic at presentation.

Acting the Part

Abstract: This essay explores Joanna Hogg's recent films The Souvenir and The Souvenir Part II as exemplary revisions of Michael Fried's concept of absorption, focusing on their presentation of actors and acting. Using Joan Copjec's psychoanalytic reading of Fried, it argues that realist acting as it appears in the films demonstrates absorption as a mode of attachment. In contrast to the motivated realist acting that fulfills Lauren Berlant's description of the heroic model of sovereignty, this realist acting rejects the primacy of motivation, insisting instead on an emphatic tautology: I love it because I love it.

Testing and simulation of the hysteresis characteristics of magnetostrictive materials under harmonic excitation

As various power electronic devices are widely used in the power grid, the current flowing through the drive winding of the magnetostrictive actuator inevitably contains harmonic components. The flux density within the hysteresis material is non-sinusoidal with harmonic components, which distorts the hysteresis characteristics of the material and affects the accurate calculation of losses. This paper builds a harmonic magnetic performance testing platform for magnetostrictive materials to test and analyze the magnetic properties under different excitation conditions (magnetic density amplitude, harmonic order, and harmonic content). To complete the mathematical description of the static hysteresis model containing closed minor hysteresis loops, two pinning coefficients k1(Bn,kTHD) and k2(Bn,kTHD), which are related to the degree of harmonic distortion, are used to express the rate of change of the irreversible magnetization components. Fractional order derivative and harmonic frequency-dependent terms are used to characterize the eddy losses and excess losses mathematically. Finally, the dynamic hysteresis model under harmonic excitation is developed. Comparative analysis of model calculation results and experimental test data shows that the model can not only accurately simulate the distorted hysteresis characteristics but also predict the loss of magnetostrictive materials. This research is of significance to the optimal design and temperature rise analysis of magnetostrictive devices.

Investigating the relationship between mathematics motivation and mathematics anxiety in 4th grade primary students with and without a diagnosis of giftedness

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between mathematics motivation and mathematics anxiety in 4th grade primary school students who are diagnosed as gifted and those who are not, in terms of some variables. A descriptive and relational screening model was used in the study. The sample of the study consisted of 500 students, 250 of whom were diagnosed as gifted (SAC students) and 250 of whom were not diagnosed as gifted, selected from different regions of Turkey. The Mathematics Motivation Scale and the Mathematics Anxiety Scale were used as data collection instruments. As a result of the analyses, a significant negative relationship was found between mathematics anxiety and intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and total motivation, and a significant positive relationship was found between mathematics anxiety and motivation. In the regression analysis it was found that all motivation sub-dimensions predicted mathematics anxiety. There was no significant relationship between mathematics motivation and mathematics anxiety in 4th grade female students with and without giftedness. A significant negative relationship was found between mathematics anxiety and intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and total motivation in 4th grade male students with and without giftedness. A positive significant relationship was found between maths anxiety and motivation. When the results of the regression analysis were analyses, it was found that all motivation sub-dimensions predicted mathematics anxiety. A significant difference was found in the sub-dimensions of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation of the participating students' mathematics motivation, but no significant difference was found in the sub-dimension of motivation. There was a significant difference between the mathematics anxiety levels of 4th grade students diagnosed as gifted and those not diagnosed as gifted.

Investigating university students' colloquial speech utterances of English in intercultural settings: a case study in Albanian context

In today's world, the widespread use of English, along with student mobility, democratisation, cultural diversity, and the influence of media—especially the Internet—shapes the language environments of higher education institutions from a broad cultural and international communication perspective. This situation is also evident at the University "Ismail Qemali" in Vlore, Albania. The author of this paper researched how English is utilized by both local and foreign students outside the classroom. To gather data, informal conversations were recorded and systematically analyzed using descriptive approaches, statistical modeling, and conversation analysis methods, involving a corpus of 60 students from different native backgrounds (47 local Albanian students and 13 European students). Qualitative and quantitative data were collected to identify phonetic patterns, their occurrences in colloquial speech, and the reasons behind certain linguistic usages or deviations observed in students' "small talk" in multicultural settings. Some participants noted that they are influenced by English and American cultures and lifestyles to varying degrees. Conversely, other students communicated in their native languages while applying basic speech acts that were typical of their original cultural backgrounds. This behaviour illustrated some inconsistencies in phonetics, grammar, and vocabulary. These linguistic deviations reflect how language embodies individual personalities and cultural backgrounds, as speakers adapt their styles and settings in conversation.

Optimized Modeling Strategies for the Parametrization of a Two-Parameter Friction Model Through Inverse Modeling of Conical Tube-Upsetting Tests

Friction is a critical influencing factor for a variety of forming processes, as it affects, for example, the required forming force. Complex models for the numerical description of friction often have two or more model parameters but lack appropriate calibration methods since calibration schemes developed for one-parameter models are not applicable. The objective of this work is to develop an evaluation method based on inverse modeling of the conical tube-upsetting test in order to allow for the parametrization of a two-parameter friction model, providing a unique solution for the model parameters. It is based on a comparison of the specimen’s outer contour for several points in time throughout the forming process according to the finite element model of the test. An optimization algorithm minimizes the deviation between the experimental and the simulated contour by adapting the friction model parameters. A two-parameter model is used that considers normal stress as well as relative velocity. First, purely numerical investigations show the necessity of a model adaption due to insufficient data. The modeling scheme is therefore adapted to consider data from two tests with different relative velocities. The results suggest a unique solution for the determination of the friction model parameters for purely numerical studies as well as for experimental conditions, comparing with the evolving contour of the conical tube-upsetting test specimen. Thus, this study presents a promising approach for the calibration of two-parameter friction models.

A hyper-heuristic optimization multi-task allocation in mobile crowdsensing based on inherent attributes

Task allocation is a critical issue in mobile crowdsensing (MCS) that significantly impacts the overall sensing quality of the system. However, previous research has often focused on improving sensing quality through single indicators such as user coverage or user reliability, neglecting the inherent attributes of users and tasks as well as the variability in user abilities. This oversight can lead to unreliable sensing abilities among recruited users, thereby affecting the system’s overall sensing quality. In this paper, we first analyze the intrinsic attributes of users and tasks and propose an aggregative indicator and user enhancement model for better assessment and description of user sensing abilities. To improve the system’s overall sensing quality, the task allocation problem is modeled as a multi-constraint single-objective optimization problem. To address this problem, a Simulated Annealing-based Random Selection Hyper-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm (SARSHHOA) has been developed. This algorithm begins by generating an initial allocation scheme using a greedy approach, then applies randomly selected search operators to various allocation schemes and utilizes simulated annealing to selectively accept solutions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed aggregative indicator and task allocation algorithm is validated through simulation experiments on real datasets.

Characteristic Description and Statistical Model-Based Method for Sea Clutter Modeling

The modeling and analysis of sea clutter are of great significance in radar target detection studies in marine environments. Sea clutter typically exhibits non-Gaussian characteristics and spatiotemporal correlations, posing challenges for modeling, especially when generating simulation data of continuous correlated non-Gaussian random processes. This paper proposes a novel method for sea clutter modeling. First, feature description functions are constructed to individually characterize the amplitude, temporal, and spatial correlations of sea clutter, allowing for an accurate depiction of its characteristics with fewer parameters. Subsequently, simulation data are generated based on these feature description functions, satisfying the amplitude distribution, temporal correlation, and spatial correlation characteristics of sea clutter. Additionally, complex signal forms are introduced in the underlying signal processing to generate texture and speckle components of sea clutter, enhancing the alignment of simulation data with actual data. Through comparison with measured sea clutter data, the proposed method has been shown to accurately simulate complex sea clutter with real-world characteristics.

Ibuprofen photodegradation promoted by ZnO and TiO2-P25 nanoparticles: A comprehensive kinetic, reaction mechanisms, and thermodynamic investigation

Photocatalytic activity, reaction kinetics, modeling, and thermodynamics of commercial TiO2-P25 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) for ibuprofen (IBU) photodegradation were investigated. Photodegradation experiments were performed in a batch reactor under UV irradiation. The photodegradation performances of TiO2-P25 and ZnO NPs were further studied and modeled under different operation conditions, by varying the reaction temperature, catalyst bulk density, and the initial concentration of the IBU solution. The descriptive kinetic models for the experimental data were tested, through the estimated kinetic parameters, together with the statistical information, revealing that the reaction rate in the case of TiO2-P25 is of first order while the ZnO NPs follow second-order kinetics with respect to IBU. The photodegradation mechanisms for both TiO2-P25 and ZnO NPs were determined to be Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were assessed, particularly, changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy indicating the efficient photodegradation performance of these NPs.