Description Of Facial Expressions Research Articles

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF LEXICAL COLORATIVES AS MARKERS OF MIMICITY OF CHARACTERS IN RUSSIAN AND VIETNAMESE ARTISTIC SPEECH

The purpose of this research is to determine the role of coloratives in revealing the emotional behavior of characters in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novels «The Idiot» and M. Gorkyʼs «Mother». These texts widely present a variety of emotional situations, describe verbal and non-verbal emotional behavior of a person, means and ways of communicating emotions with the help of coloratives in the description of facial expressions of characters. The object of study is facial coloratives, with the help of which the authors express certain emotional reactions of the characters in the original Russian texts of the mentioned novels, and the translators of these novels into Vietnamese are the Vietnamese counterparts of such coloratives. The subject of the research is the common features and peculiarities of conveying the emotional state of artistic characters in Russian and Vietnamese linguоcultures using facial coloratives. The methods of comparative, semantic cognitive, linguоcultural analysis, paraverbal analysis, descriptive method are applied. The result of the textual analysis was the discovery of 11 color tokens, which name the main parts of the color spectrum of the facial skin in situations where the author conveys the emotional state or emotional reactions of the characters. Conclusions: coloratives that represent a person’s face make it possible to convey a lot of information about his emotions, mental state, feelings, and state of health. Most facial coloratives are equivalent for Russian and Vietnamese, although there are also nonequivalent ones.

Unrealized speech of A.P. Chekhov's characters in the aspect of family communication

The article presents an analysis of fragments of unrealized speech of A.P. Chekhov's heroes in the texts of novels and short stories written in 1888-1904: "Women", "Wife", "Neighbors", "Fear", "Black Monk", "The Story of an unknown person". Typical ways of introducing unrealized speech into the author's context are revealed. In the course of the study, it was found that unrealized speech conveys the innermost thoughts and emotional state of the main characters, being an important factor for understanding the essence of many events that occur in the adult life of A.P. Chekhov's characters. Unrealized speech is a significant component of the text that contributes to the correct interpretation of a particular situation that is associated with the family communication of Chekhov's characters. Unrealized speech, internal in nature, has an extra-verbal reason why it cannot be expressed verbally. In most cases, such a reason is the emotional state of the character, represented in the Chekhov text by a description of facial expressions or gestures, an out-of-speech situation that does not allow you to express the programmable so as not to offend the other. Analyzing fragments of stories from this period of Chekhov's work, representing family communication, one can come to the conclusion that unrealized speech actualizes the internal speech situation in the texts under study. Typical ways of transmitting unrealized speech are improper-direct, direct or indirect speech, thematic speech in the author's narrative is less common in this function. A typical input for unrealized speech is a modal verb with the meaning of desire or expression of will + an infinitive with the meaning of speech activity in a construction with a contrastive conjunction: I wanted to say, but ...; I wanted to say, but ...; I wanted to answer, but... etc.

Вербализация кинемы в лексикографии и художественном тексте (на материале русской и французской литературы XIX–XX веков)

This article analyses the verbalization of kinemas: the choice of ways and means of their verbal representation in literary texts and dictionaries. Russian -Russian and French-language literature of the 19th and 20th centuries of different genres (dramatic, epic (novels, novellas, short stories, detective stories, plays), as well as Russian-French explanatory dictionaries) were used as the material for the study. The authors used the following contexts: descriptions of verbal representations of kinemas, extracted from modern and classical Russian and French-language literature of the XIX–XX centuries. The analyzed material in lexicography allows us to draw the following conclusions: the frequency of verbalization of the kineme in the Russian language with the reference word "eyes"(250; 45%); in the French language, the most frequent are kinemas with the reference word "hand" (154; 34,2%). The study of modern and classical fiction gives grounds to state that in French texts the frequency of verbalization of kinemas containing a description of gestures is 40%, in Russian texts 30,7%. The most representative are complex RRCS in Russian fiction — 42,4%, and in French texts there is a clear predominance of verbalization of kinemas containing a description of facial expression — 44,2%. It should be noted that the national speech behavior of an individual is determined not only and not so much by his psychological mood and communication conditions, but by his belonging to a certain linguistic and cultural community, which has its own cultural space, cultural interior of the situation, and all this is consistently reflected in the literary text.

Facial expression description and recognition based on fuzzy semantic concepts

This paper proposes a novel approach to identifying various expressions using semantic concepts. Based on the framework of the axiomatic fuzzy set, facial features are transformed into semantic concepts, which are then considered as a ruleset to differentiate expression categories. This method has two main advantages. First, it bridges the descriptors between image features and semantic concepts, according to which facial geometric features can be mirrored directly. Second, it alters the description patterns of fuzzy rulesets, which can reduce the dimensionality of expression features. We establish optimization criteria for selecting salient semantic concepts to represent expression characteristics. Experiments are conducted using the proposed method on the FEI and CK+ databases. Semantic concepts are considered as a ruleset to describe the differences between various expressions. The performances of state-of-the art classifiers and the proposed method are compared and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the proposed method provides excellent interpretability and classification performance for facial expressions.

Local directional-structural pattern for person-independent facial expression recognition

Existing popular descriptors for facial expression recognition often suffer from inconsistent feature description, experiencing poor accuracies. We present a new local descriptor, local directional-structural pattern (LDSP), in this work to address this issue. Unlike the existing local descriptors using only the texture or edge information to represent the local structure of a pixel, the proposed LDSP utilizes the positional relationship of the top edge responses of the target pixel to extract more detailed structural information of the local texture. We further exploit such information to characterize expression-affiliated crucial textures while discarding the random noisy patterns. Moreover, we introduce a globally adaptive thresholding strategy to exclude futile flat patterns. Hence, LDSP offers a stable description of facial expressions with the explicit representation of the expression-affiliated features along with the exclusion of random futile textures. We visualize the efficacy of the proposed method in three folds. First, the LDSP descriptor possesses a moderate code-length owing to the exclusion of the futile patterns, yielding less computation time than other edge descriptors. Second, for person-independent expression recognition in benchmark datasets, LDSP demonstrates higher accuracy than existing descriptors and other state-of-the-art methods. Third, LDSP shows better performance than other descriptors against noise and low resolution, exhibiting its robustness under such uneven conditions.

FEATURE VECTOR GENERATION FOR THE FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION USING NEO-FUZZY SYSTEM

Context. The article is devoted to the problem of a training data set forming for the automatic human emotions recognition system on the basis of a multidimensional extended neo-fuzzy neuron. The aspects of choice the attributes vector’s dimension and composition, their influence on the system learning rate are considered. The object of research is the method of multidimensional data clustering. The subject of research is two-dimensional images geometric features systematization. Objective. The main goal of the work is to develop an approach to person’s face expression description using geometric features fixed set that can be obtained by video sequence frames processing. Method. To study the facial expressions recognition system it is proposed to form a feature vector consisting of characteristic points coordinates. There were selected points that relate to the location and shape of the eyelids, eyebrows, eye pupils, lips contours, nose wings, nasolabial folds. Such points can be easily found during the automatic image processing using known contour detectors. Also, the possibility of using for the human facial expression description not the coordinates of characteristic points, but the distances between them, was investigated. From these distances a different feature vector was created, the properties of which were compared with the points coordinates vector. Results. The developed recognition system on the basis of a multidimensional extended neo-fuzzy neuron have been implemented in software and investigated for solving the problem of facial expression classification. A comparison between the attribute vectors that are different in composition and dimension is made. The structure for the feature vector, which provides high system learning rate, and does not require the additional structural elements was chosen. Conclusions. The experimental study fully confirms the effectiveness of the developed approach for the human facial expressions recognition using a multidimensional extended neo-fuzzy neuron.

Facial expressions triggered by imagining the future.

A body of research has investigated the cognitive and affective features of imagining the future. Our study aimed at extending this research by evaluating expressions that are triggered by future thinking. Participants were asked to remember and to imagine personal events. Both past and future thinking were video-recorded and the recording was later analyzed by a software for facial analysis that detects and classifies basic emotional expressions (i.e., happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared, disgusted and neutral). The analysis showed more emotional and fewer neutral facial expressions during imagining the future than during remembering the past. These findings mirror a wealth of psychological research highlighting the emotional valence of future thinking, which has been mainly assessed in this research by subjective methodologies. Our work provides an empirical description of facial expressions that can be triggered by imagining the future.

Monitorización continua de un protocolo: parálisis facial a frigore

Introduction The preparation and review of child neurology guidelines can reduce the variability of our medical practice, thus improving health care. We present the continuous monitoring of our Bell's palsy guideline. Material and methods Emergency and medical reports of the children seen in Child Neurology surgery from July 2006 to August 2009 (group 2) are reviewed for the purpose of finding out the present level of compliance with guideline quality criteria and compare it with the previously reviewed period (group 1, from March 2003 to June 2006). Scientific evidence on this topic is also updated. Results Comparing the compliance rate in group 1 with group 2 shows a rise in group 2 from 85.1% to 100% in facial expression description, from 11.1% to 31.6% on whether or not there is evidence of Herpes Zoster vesicles, from 77.7% to 84.2% whether or not there is evidence fundoscopic examination, and from 77.7% to 86.8% as regards cranial nerve function remaining normal. The rate of fact sheet issue, recorded for the first time in group 2, is 21.1%. Discussion Medical auditing allows us to evaluate our medical practice and set up ways for improvement according to the deficiencies found. We insist on striving to improve the written record of the most relevant data and never overlook the importance of issuing the fact sheets to parents and paediatricians, to ensure continuity of medical care.

Three‐dimensional (3‐D) facial model‐based description and synthesis of facial expressions

AbstractThe automatic synthesis of the facial expression by computer is one of the most basic techniques to be applied in various fields. This paper describes a method to synthesize various facial expressions by modification of the 3‐D model of the face. The 3‐D facial model is obtained by adjusting the prepared 3‐D facial shape model to the frontal view of the object neutral face image, and by projecting the gray‐level informations.This paper proposes first a hierarchical model of facial description units for the hierarchical description of the facial expressions. The action unit (AU) of the FACS (facial action coding system), which is known as a systematic method of describing the facial expression, is considered as a layer in the proposed hierarchical model. AU of FACS is realized on a computer, and the automatic synthesis of the expression is executed.This procedure is based on the muscular structure of the face and allows cancellation of individual differences. At present, 34 kinds of AUs are implemented. The graylevel information for wrinkles and teeth, which are important in the synthesis of expressions, is not contained in the 3‐D facial model obtained from the neutral expression. Thus, such information is extracted from other face images, and registered as auxiliary information of the 3‐D facial model. This leads to synthesis of natural expressions. Finally, numerous examples for the facial expression synthesis are presented to show the usefulness of the method.

The description of facial expressions in terms of two dimensions.

The description of facial expressions in terms of two dimensions.