Dermal Abrasion Research Articles

Dermal Fillers in the Treatment of Acne Scars: A Review.

Acne vulgaris (AV) is the eighth most common disease in the world. This condition can impair the affected patients' social and psychological functioning and lower their quality of life. In general, scar reduction, rather than complete scar removal, is the aim of AV treatment. Dermal abrasion, chemical peeling, laser resurfacing, subcision, punch methods, tissue-improving substances, and dermal fillers are the currently available therapeutic options. In this study, we focused on the rapidly developing field of dermal fillers used alone or in combination with other therapies to reconstruct skin affected by acne scars and to evaluate the improvement of facial appearance after using different types of dermal fillers.

Effects of Buprenorphine, Chlorhexidine, and Low-level Laser Therapy on Wound Healing in Mice.

Systemic buprenorphine and topical antiseptics such as chlorhexidine are frequently used in research animals to aid in pain control and to reduce infection, respectively. These therapeutics are controversial, especially when used in wound healing studies, due to conflicting data suggesting that they delay wound healing. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used to aid in wound healing without exerting the systemic effects of therapies such as buprenorphine. We conducted 2 studies to investigate the effects of these common treatment modalities on the rate of wound healing in mice. The first study used models of punch biopsy and dermal abrasion to assess whether buprenorphine HCl or 0.12% chlorhexidine delayed wound healing. The second study investigated the effects of sustained-released buprenorphine, 0.05% chlorhexidine, and LLLT on excisional wound healing. The rate of wound healing was assessed by obtaining photographs on days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 9 for the punch biopsy model in study 1, days 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 13 for the dermal abrasion model in study 1, and days 0, 3, 6, and 10 for the mice in study 2. Image J software was used to analyze the photographed wounds to determine the wound area. When comparing the wound area on the above days to the original wound area, no significant differences in healing were observed for any of the treatment groups at any time period for either study. Given the results of these studies, we believe that systemic buprenorphine, topical chlorhexidine, and LLLT can be used without impairing or delaying wound healing in mice.

Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Vibrio harveyi, the causal agent of skin ulcer disease in juvenile hybrid groupers Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×Epinephelus lanceolatus.

The hybrid grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (♀)×Epinephelus lanceolatus (♂), is a newly bred cultivated marine fish species of high economic value. However, a skin ulcer disease with high mortality has occurred, and the responsible pathogen remains unknown. In this study, we summarized the epidemic status and external signs of this disease. We screened potential pathogens and finally isolated one bacterial strain ML01 from affected fish. We subjected healthy juvenile hybrid groupers to bacterial challenge tests with the isolate by immersion, immersion after dermal abrasion and intraperitoneal injection, respectively. Within 14days post-infection, the isolate ML01 caused mass mortality of juveniles infected via immersion after dermal abrasion or intraperitoneal injection. Diseased juveniles displayed obvioussigns of skin ulcers. The median lethal dose of ML01 by intraperitoneal injection was 1.10×105 colony-forming units. ML01 was identified as Vibrio harveyi by bacterial morphology, analytical profile index identification, 16S rDNA sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that ML01 was sensitive to ceftriaxone, doxycycline and minocycline. The results of this study suggest that V.harveyi is the causal agent of skin ulcer disease in juvenile hybrid groupers, thus providing a basis for effective control and prevention of this disease.

Dermal Abrasion Experienced as an Adverse Effect of the EZ-IO®

BackgroundIn 2007, an update was released to the pediatric and neonatal septic shock guidelines, which emphasized early use of therapies, specifically, first-hour fluid resuscitation and inotrope therapy. This has led to increased use of intraosseous (IO) access as a source of vascular access. Previously, IO access could be obtained only via a manual IO placement. New semi-automatic devices, such as EZ-IO® (Vidacare, Shavano Park, TX), allow for safer and quicker IO access. Data support the use of semi-automatic devices during the acute resuscitation period. Case ReportThe patient was a 7-month old girl with VACTERL association (Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-Esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, Limb abnormalities) and complex past medical history. The patient experienced a “choking episode,” which led to subsequent apnea and cyanosis. The patient presented in shock to a local pediatric emergency department. After multiple unsuccessful intravenous line attempts, IO access was obtained using the EZ-IO®. Once in the pediatric intensive care unit with venous access, the IO device was removed and the site had “red bulls-eye target shape” damage to the skin, which appeared consistent with the EZ-IO® flange. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?IO device use is increasing due to the most recent pediatric and neonatal septic shock guidelines, which emphasize first-hour fluid resuscitation and inotrope therapy. It is vital that emergency physicians be aware of the adverse effects of semi-automatic IO devices, including dermal abrasion, which has not been reported previously. With proper training and familiarity, it is possible to avoid dermal abrasion as an adverse effect of the semi-automatic IO device.

A semi-blinded study comparing 2 methods of measuring nasal potential difference: Subcutaneous needle versus dermal abrasion

BackgroundAccording to European and US protocols, two nasal potential difference (NPD) measurement methods are considered acceptable, although they have not been formally compared: subcutaneous agar-filled needle with calomel (Ndl) and dermal abrasion with conducting cream and Ag/AgCl electrodes (Abr). We compared both in CF and healthy volunteers (HV), assessing their discriminative value and subject's preference. MethodsTwelve classic CF and 17 HV underwent both NPD methods, performed by one operator in random order. A written questionnaire, assessing preference, was completed after each test. Tracings were coded, scored in a semi-blinded fashion and categorised as CF/non-CF. Results110 tracings (56 Ndl/54 Abr) were collected: 42/110 scored CF and 68/110 non-CF, showing a good correlation. No significant preference for either method was reported. ConclusionBoth NPD methods are similar in terms of discriminative value and subject's preference, comparing classical CF and HV. For diagnosing CF, the operator's preferred NPD-method may be used.

An adult zebrafish model for Laribacter hongkongensis infection: Koch's postulates fulfilled

Laribacter hongkongensis is a gram-negative emerging bacterium associated with invasive bacteremic infections in patients with liver disease and fish-borne community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. Although the complete genome of L. hongkongensis has been sequenced, no animal model is available for further study of its pathogenicity mechanisms. In this study, we showed that adult zebrafish infected with L. hongkongensis by immersion following dermal abrasion or intraperitoneal injection suffered mortality in a dose-dependent manner, with lethal dose 50 (LD50) of 2.1×104 and 1.9×104 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, respectively. All mortalities occurred in the first four days post-infection. Zebrafish that died showed characteristic clinicopathological features: swimming near water surface, marked lethargy and sidestroke; abdominal hemorrhage, ulcers and marked swelling with ascites; and hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes around central vein and inflammatory cells infiltration. L. hongkongensis was recovered from the ascitic fluid and tissues of zebrafish that died. Of the 30 zebrafish infected with 2.1×104 CFU/mL (LD50) L. hongkongensis isolated from dead zebrafish using the immersion following dermal abrasion method, 18 (60%) died. All zebrafish that died also showed the characteristic clinical and pathological features. Histopathological studies also showed dilation of hepatic central vein and hydropic degeneration. L. hongkongensis was isolated from the zebrafish that died. The Koch's postulates for L. hongkongensis as an infectious agent have been fulfilled. This highly reproducible and effective zebrafish model is of crucial importance for future studies on virulence factors for L. hongkongensis infection.

Ocena występowania powikłań miejscowych w wyniku zastosowania różnych technik nieinwazyjnej wentylacji u noworodków

ObjectivesThe assessment of the appearance of local complications associated with the use of different non-invasive ventilation techniques in neonates. Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted in a group of 103 neonates, in whom non-invasive ventilation was administered using different techniques. In these subjects non-invasive respiratory CPAP (conventional system) support was used with single lumen nasopharyngeal cannula, double lumen Hudson type short cannula as well as the Baby Flow and the Infant Flow systems for administration of all modes of ventilation. Data were collected based on own observations and on medical records of the neonates treated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Department of the Medical University of Warsaw between 21.01.2008 and 06.05.2009. ResultsThe average duration of the different non-invasive ventilation techniques was 7.77 days (min. 1 day, max. 32 days). Skin complications were mainly concerned with the nasal structures and were of varying intensity: from transient ischemia, erythema, dermal abrasion, bleeding, necrosis and narrowing of the lumen of the nasal passages (edema of the nasal mucosa). Complications associated with the use of the Baby Flow and Infant Flow systems were dependent upon the type of nasal tip. In cases when a mask was used, the most frequent type of complication concerned lesions of the base of the nose (34 cases) and lesions of the upper labial sulcus (13 cases). Complications involving the nasal septum (8 cases) were associated with the use of short double lumen nasal cannulae with the Baby Flow and Infant Flow systems as well as with Hudson type cannulae (2 cases). Necrosis of the nasal septum was associated with the use of Hudson type cannulae in two neonates. ConclusionsThe number of complications affecting the skin associated with the use of non-invasive ventilation is dependent on the maturity of the neonate, the body mass and the duration of ventilation. Complications affecting the skin are markedly more frequent in those cases when masks are used compared with the use of short double lumen cannulae, and they mainly affect the base of the nose. Undoubtedly, the majority of complications are transient in nature.

An Analysis of the Experiences of 62 Patients with Moderate Complications after Full-Face Fat Injection for Augmentation

An Analysis of the Experiences of 62 Patients with Moderate Complications after Full-Face Fat Injection for Augmentation

Effect of red and near-infrared wavelengths on low-level laser (light) therapy-induced healing of partial-thickness dermal abrasion in mice

Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) promotes wound healing, reduces pain and inflammation, and prevents tissue death. Studies have explored the effects of various radiant exposures on the effect of LLLT; however, studies of wavelength dependency in in vivo models are less common. In the present study, the healing effects of LLLT mediated by different wavelengths of light in the red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelength regions (635, 730, 810, and 980 nm) delivered at constant fluence (4 J/cm(2)) and fluence rate (10 mW/cm(2)) were evaluated in a mouse model of partial-thickness dermal abrasion. Wavelengths of 635 and 810 nm were found to be effective in promoting the healing of dermal abrasions. However, treatment using 730- and 980-nm wavelengths showed no sign of stimulated healing. Healing was maximally augmented in mice treated with an 810-nm wavelength, as evidenced by significant wound area reduction (p < 0.05), enhanced collagen accumulation, and complete re-epithelialization as compared to other wavelengths and non-illuminated controls. Significant acceleration of re-epithelialization and cellular proliferation revealed by immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin-14 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (p < 0.05) was evident in the 810-nm wavelength compared with other groups. Photobiomodulation mediated by red (635 nm) and NIR (810 nm) light suggests that the biological response of the wound tissue depends on the wavelength employed. The effectiveness of 810-nm wavelength agrees with previous publications and, together with the partial effectiveness of 635 nm and the ineffectiveness of 730 and 980 nm wavelengths, can be explained by the absorption spectrum of cytochrome c oxidase, the candidate mitochondrial chromophore in LLLT.

Effects of Two Different Landing Nets on Injuries to the Barramundi Lates calcarifer, an Iconic Australian Sport Fish

AbstractUse of catch and release, a growing aspect of recreational angling, is promoted for most recreational fisheries, including the fishery for the barramundi Lates calcarifer, an iconic sport fish of northern Australia. Landing nets are commonly used to remove fish from the water and to help hold and control fish while hooks or lures are removed before release. We investigated damage to mucus, scales, skin, and fins of 1.0–3.5‐kg barramundi that were caught and held for 60 s in two different types of landing net. The two landing nets represented the commonly used knotted‐mesh net and the newer knotless net, which has a smaller mesh size and a flat bottom. Both types of landing net caused some injury, such as mucus loss, scale loss, and fin tears. However, use of the knotless, flat‐bottomed landing net considerably reduced the occurrence of these injuries. Holding in the knotted net was associated with fin damage scores and dermal abrasion scores that were over four and five times greater, respectively, than the scores associated with holding in the knotless net. No fish died as a result of being handled in either net. These results are similar to those of other studies that investigated smaller fish. The effects of these injuries on fish survival are discussed.

In vivo studies of polyacrylate nanoparticle emulsions for topical and systemic applications

We have recently reported on a new nanomedicine containing antibiotic-conjugated polyacrylate nanoparticles, which has shown activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro and no cytotoxicity toward human dermal cells. The water-based nanoparticle emulsion is capable of solubilizing lipophilic antibiotics for systemic administration, and the nanoparticle drug delivery vehicle has shown protective properties for antibiotics from hydrolytic cleavage by bacterial penicillinases, thus rejuvenating the drug's activity against resistant microbes such as MRSA. Here we report the first in vivo study of this penicillin-conjugated nanoparticle emulsion in determining toxicological responses initiated upon systemic and topical application in a murine model. Favorable results were observed in vivo upon both routes of administration and, when topically applied to a dermal abrasion model, the emulsion enhanced wound healing by an average of 3 to 5 days. This study suggests that polyacrylate nanoparticle-containing emulsions may afford promising opportunities for treating both skin and systemic infections.

Adjunctive procedures to maximize the result of cosmetic eyelid surgery.

The cosmetic blepharoplasty should be complemented by surgical procedures that augment the favorable aesthetics of the blepharoplasty. A blepharoplasty is frequently not fully satisfying to the patient or the surgeon. The plastic surgeon must recognize the need for adjunctive procedures such as eyebrow lift, blepharocanthoplasty, malar implants, dermal abrasion, chemosurgery, and temporoauricular lift to fulfill the more ideal expectations of both surgeon and patient. Evaluation of the aesthetic requirements for youthful restoration around the eye and the need for additional surgical techniques to enhance the beauty of the eye is discussed. Included in the discussion are the techniques used for the various procedures, the complications that can arise, and the reward of surgery performed in conjunction with the routine blepharoplasty or instead of it.

Dermal Abrasion-Reply

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Thale seems much disturbed over the use of the phrase "removal of scars." From our experience with this technique in many hundreds of cases over a period of 15 years, we see nothing wrong in using the expression "removal or elimination of scars," since we have found that this can be done in the majority of cases. We often remove shallow acne scars with one dermal abrasion, while the deeper ones may need this procedure repeated two or three times at intervals of 6 months to 1 year. There is always a definite improvement after each abrasion treatment. Dr. Thale admits that the number of abrasions necessary depends on the extent of scarring. Dr. Thale lists a number of complications and untoward reactions. From our own experience we have encountered them rarely. In fact, the only complications we have seen have been temporary pigmentations, including temporary

Dermal Abrasion

Dermal Abrasion

Dermal abrasion. II. Nursing care after dermal abrasion.

Dermal abrasion. II. Nursing care after dermal abrasion.

Dermal Abrasion

Dermal Abrasion

Dermabrasion with rasps.

Dermal abrasion for the treatment of postacne scarring and of rhinophyma is now being widely practiced by dermatologists. Most dermatologists use the revolving wirebrush technique with refrigeration analgesia as an office procedure. To a large extent this has superseded the sandpaper method, which was often carried out as a hospital procedure with general anesthesia. The purpose of this article is to present a simplified abrasive technique using rasps. The principles of abrasion therapy and its historical background have been well covered in recent articles. * Materials Instruments are simple and inexpensive rasps. The principal ones are forged steel sculpture tools having a central handle with variously shaped toothed working surfaces at the ends. They are available at most sculpture supply houses. More recently a stainless steel semicylindrical rasp with a plastic handle was added for the preliminary phase of the abrasion. This is marketed as a corn

Cotton glove in place of gauze for traction in surgical planning.

In surgical planing (dermal abrasion) the operator frequently finds it necessary to use gauze squares to prevent slipping of the thumb and fingers of the left hand when they are used to maintain the skin taut, a situation which is highly desirable in all areas and essential when planing close to the lips and eyes. The need for traction is especially great when the thumb and/or fingers are applied against adjacent areas just previously planed, hence rendered slippery because of the serosanguinous oozing. The gauze used for obtaining traction is thus necessarily close to the rotating brush, with the ever-present hazard and nuisance of catching the gauze in the brush. This may in turn cause the rotating brush to be pulled toward the area covered by the gauze square, or the flexible shaft in the handpiece may break. In any event it is a noisy and upsetting occurrence for