Depression In Undergraduate Students Research Articles

The Impact of Depression on Undergraduate Students’ Educational Performance: A Case of Nawalparasi and Chitwan Districts

Depression is a growing concern among college students, including Nepalese students. Identifying its origin holds the potential to enhance mental health assistance and strategies, fostering a more supportive academic atmosphere. This research investigated the impact of depression on the academic performance of undergraduates. Employing a quantitative research approach, the survey questionnaire was used as the primary tool for data collection, and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The sample consisted of two hundred and one (N = 201) undergraduates selected from Oxford College of Engineering and Management, selected through random sampling to ensure representativeness. The results of this study show a positive association between academic stress and the impact of depression on undergraduate students’ educational performance. Further the results show a negative association between financial pressure and family relationship problems and the impact of depression on undergraduate students’ educational performance. However the result shows no association between the social isolation and the impact of depression on educational performance. This study’s implications would offer benefits to policymakers, teachers, parents, colleges, and universities alike in understanding the current issue of depression in undergraduate students’ performance. This study is limited to specific area, so we can’t strongly suggest to generalize the current results in other similar cases.

Effect of Mindfulness Breathing Meditation on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: A Randomized Controlled Trial among University Students.

The COVID-19 outbreak has caused various changes in all aspects of human life, including the educational system. These changes have forced students to undertake an adaptive process that has inevitably affected aspects of their life and psychological well-being. Adaptation of learning into online forms in universities, including nursing, triggers depression, stress, and anxiety. The high number of incidences of stress, anxiety, and depression in undergraduate students throughout the pandemic has made it important to prevent and deal with health approaches, such as mindfulness therapy. This research intended to examine whether an intervention based on mindfulness was effective and had the potential to become an interference to reduce anxiety, stress, and depression in Indonesian university students. This research applied a randomized controlled trial. One hundred and twenty-two students from Universitas Padjadjaran and other provinces in Indonesia participated in this study, with sixty-one students in each group. A pretest and a post-test were administered before and after the intervention using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42). The intervention was carried out for 4 weeks with 15 min practice in each session. In this study, there was an effect of mindfulness breathing meditation on decreasing the mean scores for depression, anxiety, and stress in the intervention group. However, only stress (p = 0.007) and anxiety (p = 0.042) showed a significant difference in the post-test results of the intervention and control groups. In addition, there was no difference in the scores of stress, anxiety, and depression for the pre-post-tests in each group based on religion. Mindfulness breathing meditation has an impact on reducing stress and anxiety in students, so it could be applied to all university students in order to develop psychosocial status and mindful attentiveness to one's needs.

The Prevalence of Misophonia and Its Relationship with Obsessive-compulsive Disorder, Anxiety, and Depression in Undergraduate Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences: A Cross-Sectional Study.

ABSTRACTBackground: Misophonia is a severe emotional response to repetitive sounds. This disorder may limit a person’s communication, reduce his/her ability, or disrupt his/her social and personal life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Misophonia and its relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and depression in undergraduate students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.Methods: The present study is an analytical descriptive study conducted in October 2020. The study samples consisted of 390 undergraduate students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. A relative and systematic sampling method was used. In this study, demographic questionnaire, misophonia questionnaire (A score of 7 or higher is considered as misophonia), Beck anxiety questionnaire, Beck depression questionnaire, and Maudsley obsessive-compulsive inventory questionnaire were used, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software. In this study, chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between the variables. Due to the non-normality of the data, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. The significance level was considered equal to and less than 0.05.Results: Of the 390 participants in the study, 93 (23.8%) had experienced misophonia. Among these 93 students, 37 (39.8%) had obsessive-compulsive disorder, 8 (8.6%) suffered anxiety, and 9 (9.7%) were depressed. There was a significant and direct relationship between misophonia and obsessive-compulsive disorder,anxiety and depression respectively(P<0.001).Conclusion: Due to the prevalence of misophonia among students and its direct relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and depression, we recommend that future studies should be conducted to find the ways to prevent and reduce the incidence of misophonia.

Anxiety and Depression in Undergraduate Students Due to Altered Screen Time and Physical Activity Patterns in Covid Times

Objective: This study was done to assess anxiety and depression in undergraduate students due to altered levels of screen time (ST) and physical activity (PA) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various studies have been carried out about the mental health impacts of ST and PA, but there is a paucity of literature when it comes to exploring these parameters in undergraduate students and the Indian population. This study aims to address this gap. Methods: Data were collected through a survey using an online questionnaire. Participants reported daily ST and weekly PA, both moderately vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were ascertained using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score. Results: Out of the total 165 students analyzed, we found that 63% had borderline or pathological anxiety levels while 41.2% had borderline or pathological depression levels. There was a negative correlation between depression score and PA, for both MVPA (r = –0.233, P = 0.001) and VPA (r = –0.268, P = 0.0002). A negative correlation was found between anxiety score and PA for MVPA (r = –0.151, P = 0.024). There was a positive correlation between ST and scores of anxiety (r = 0.305, P = 0.006) and depression (r = 0.257, P = 0.02) in females but no correlation was found in males. Conclusion: The present study suggests that there is a high prevalence of borderline and pathological anxiety and depression amongst undergraduate students. High levels of PA and low levels of ST are separately associated with a lesser risk of anxiety and depression.

Assessment of knowledge and attitude of undergraduate students’ of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria towards depression

Background and Aims: Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and was projected to become the second most burdensome disease by 2020. While there is growing literature on the mental health literacy of adults, there has not been a parallel interest in mental health awareness of young people in Nigeria. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of and attitudes towards depression in undergraduate students. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted from August to November 2019. Ethical approval for the study was sought from the University’s research ethics committee. Consenting students across all levels were then sampled and recruited. Participants were presented with the ‘friend in need’ questionnaire designed to elicit the participants’ recognition of mental health disorders depicted in the form of a vignette. Results: Out of the 415 questionnaires distributed, only 365 were adequately filled indicating an 88% response rate. The majority of the participants were female (62.5%) and a total of 132 respondents (36.2%) correctly identified and labelled the depression vignette. Insomnia was the most identified symptom (29%) of depression by the participants. More than onequarter (30%) of the participants reported that they would be extremely worried about the depressed character and believed it will take the character longer than a few months to recover (54%). Friends were the most recommended source of help (33.1%), followed by professionals (30.7%) and then others. Conclusion: It was established that university undergraduate students do not have adequate knowledge about depression.

Prevalence of and institutional factors associated with depression among undergraduate students at Gulu University

Background: Many institutional factors predispose University students to mental health issues, including depression. However, with no central database for depression in Uganda, literature on depression and associated institutional factors among undergraduate students is scarce. This study examined the prevalence of and institutional factors associated with depression among undergraduate students at Gulu University. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey among 452 undergraduate students at Gulu University in the academic year 2018/2019 in February and March 2019. A stratified simple random sampling was used to identify the participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, including mean and frequency, were used. We conducted a bivariate analysis to determine the association between variables employing Pearson’s chi-square test or Fischer’s exact test. We conducted a multivariate analysis with factors that had significant P-values of less than 0.05. Results: The average age of the respondents was 22.4 (SD - 2.4), more than half (53.1%) were male and 38.50% were in the second year. The results show that 31.19% reported depression. After controlling for age and sex, the results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between depression and faculty (aOR - 1.15), year of study (aOR - 0.77), happiness with the course (aOR - 0-0.49), satisfaction with academic performance (aOR - 0.45), and satisfaction with academic quality (aOR - 0.61). The results indicated that the predictors of depression among undergraduate students were faculty, year of study, satisfaction with academic performance, and satisfaction with academic quality. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of Gulu University undergraduate students reported high levels of depression. The results, therefore, showed that depression in undergraduate students is an identifiable disorder that needs diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Faculty, year of study, satisfaction with academic performance, satisfaction with academic quality were predictors of depression. Thus there is an urgent need for counseling, psychoeducation, and preventive mental health services as an essential part of the university setup.

Stress and depression in undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Nursing students compared to undergraduate students in non-nursing majors.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated an already alarming mental health crisis on college campuses. Nursing students were uniquely impacted through the loss of clinical practicum experiences.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore relationships between student perceptions of life-stress and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing students compared to students in other academic disciplines. A secondary purpose of this study was to understand nursing student perceptions of how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their educational experience.MethodsSchool-related life stress and depression measures were studied in a cross-section of 2326 undergraduate students using an anonymous online survey. Follow-up qualitative data were collected (N = 12) to further explore relationships between school-related life stress and depression in nursing students.ResultsNursing students had higher levels of student-life stress but fewer depressive symptoms than students in any other academic major. Students related that social support and belongingness were critical to their academic perseverance.ConclusionsDifferences between nursing and non-nursing students are likely due to a multifactorial combination of social support, resilience, and posttraumatic growth.

Influence Of Grit And Lifestyle On Mental Health In College Students During The COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused drastic changes to the lives of college students across the country. Evidence suggests that COVID-19’s negative impact on mental health is an unintended consequence of social distancing measures taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Lifestyle behaviors, such as physical activity (PA), sleep and diet, have previously been found to positively influence feelings of anxiety and depression. Grit is also known to influence mental health and may be especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic. PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of grit and lifestyle factors on anxiety and depression in undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: 141 undergraduate students completed an online survey between June 3-5, 2020. The survey featured validated survey instruments regarding physical activity, sleep quality, dietary habits, grit and moods. Hierarchical multiple regression models were used to examine the effects of demographics, grit and lifestyle factors with feelings of anxiety and depression. Initially, only demographic predictors were included, then grit and last lifestyle factors were added. RESULTS: Regression models with demographic, grit and lifestyle predictors explained 25.1% and 34.0% of the variance for anxiety and depression, respectively. Grit was significant when combined with demographic variables for both anxiety (β = -0.22, p < 0.05;∆R2 = 0.05) and depression (β = -0.33, p < 0.001;∆R2 = 0.12). However, when lifestyle factors were added, grit was significant for depression only (β = -0.20,p < 0.01). Adding lifestyle factors improved the variance in both models (anxiety:∆R2 = 0.17; depression:∆R2 = 0.23). Sleep quality (anxiety:β = 0.44, p < 0.001; depression:β = 0.52, p < 0.001) and light PA (depression:β = -0.17, p < 0.05) were the only significant lifestyle predictors in the models. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that high grit can lower feelings of anxiety and depression in undergraduate college students. However, healthy lifestyle behaviors, specifically sleep quality and light PA, lessen the impact of grit on depression and anxiety. As universities continue to utilize online delivery of classes, better sleep hygiene and participation in PA should be promoted as they were associated with decreasing feelings of anxiety and depression.

대학생의 반추 하위유형인 자책 및 숙고, 긍정 · 부정 과거지향 사고 그리고 우울의 관계

본 연구에서는 반추의 두 하위유형 자책(brooding)과 숙고(reflection), 긍정․부정 과거지향 사고 그리고 우울의 관계에 대해 살펴보았다. 285명의 4년제 대학생을 대상으로 한국판 반추적 반응 척도(K-RRS), 역학조사센터 우울증 척도(CES-D), 그리고 과거지향 사고를 측정하기 위하여 기억 사고 과제(Memory Thinking Task)를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 위계적 중다회귀 분석 결과 자책은 부정 과거지향 사고를 유의미하게 설명하였고 숙고는 자책을 통제한 후 긍정 과거지향 사고를 유의미하게 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 자책과 숙고의 다른 특성이 확인되었다. 둘째, 자책과 숙고가 모두 높은 수준일 때 이 둘은 부정 과거지향 사고와 우울의 수준을 상승시키는 것으로 나타났다. 숙고는 적응적인 측면을 가지고 있으나 자책과 상호작용하여 부정 과거지향 사고와 우울을 증폭시키는 부적응적인 측면이 있음을 밝혀냈다. 본 연구는 자책이 과거 경험을 부정적으로 기억하도록 하는 해로운 요인이고, 그동안 숙고가 적응적인지 또는 부적응적인지에 대한 일관되지 않았던 결과를 설명하기 위한 단서를 제공했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 이를 토대로 시사점, 제한점, 후속연구에 대한 제언에 대해 논의하였다.

대학생의 자기개념 명확성과 스트레스 대처방식이 우울에 미치는 영향

The present study examined the effects of self-concept clarity and stress coping styles on depression in undergraduate students, and whether stress coping styles moderated the relation between self-concept clarity and depression. The participants of this study were 355 students (145 males and 209 females) from 15 universities located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. To measure the level of depression, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression(CES-D) Scale was used. The level of self-concept clarity was assessed by the Self-concept Clarity Scale. Also, stress coping styles were measured by Coping Styles Inventory. The data was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and hierarchical regressions. The moderating effects of stress coping styles were investigated using the analysis procedures proposed by Baron and Kenny . The results indicated that the levels of self-concept clarity and problem-focused coping decreased the level of depression. Moreover, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and aesthetic thinking moderated the effects of self-concept clarity on depression.

Behavior towards parents, parents’ social support, family function and depression in undergraduate students

Longitudinal associations among behaviors toward parents, family relationships, and depression were investigated. In Study 1, undergraduate students (n＝356) responded to items that represented behaviors toward their fathers and mothers. Exploratory factor analyses extracted three factors: Behaviors as equals, Intimate behaviors, and Aggressive verbal behaviors. Based on these results, the Behaviors toward Father Scale and the Behaviors toward Mother Scale were developed. In Study 2, undergraduate students (n＝194) responded to measures assessing behaviors toward parents, parents’ social support, family function, and depression, twice at the interval of six weeks. Results indicated that Behaviors as equals toward both parents at Time 1 increased their social support to students at Time 2. Moreover, Behaviors as equals toward mothers increased family function. Also, social support from fathers and family function decreased depression. Additionally, depression increased Behaviors as equals and Intimate behaviors toward both parents, as well as Aggressive verbal behaviors toward fathers. These findings suggest that depression among undergraduate students might increase behaviors which strengthen family relationships.

Association between temporomandibular signs and symptoms and depression in undergraduate students: descriptive study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is a chronic condition that affects a large part of the college population, deserving greater importance in public health due to the negative consequences in students’ performance and in the quality of life of these individuals. The objective of this study is to check the association and correlation of temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms and signs with depression in students from the School of Science and Technology of Maranhao. METHODS: Epidemiological, descriptive and cross-sectional study with the quantitative approach with 199 undergraduate students. For data collection, we used Fonseca’s Anamnestic Index and the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, Axis II. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test, and Spearman’s Correlation, considering a statistical significance of 5%. RESULTS: 37.7% students showed signs and symptoms of mild temporomandibular dysfunction, 19.6% moderate and 9% severe. Temporomandibular dysfunction was more frequent in female students (70.2%) between the ages of 19 to 24 years (70.2%). When assessing the level of depression symptoms, it was found that 25.1% students had moderate depression and 17.1% severe. There was no statistically significant association (p<0.001) and weak positive correlation (r=0.38; p<0.001) between the presence of temporomandibular dysfunction signs and symptoms and depression. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that there is a relationship between temporomandibular dysfunction and depression in undergraduate students, with higher prevalence in women, however, more specific diagnostic methods are necessary to confirm this relationship and the need for treatment.

The Relationship of Undergraduate Major and Housing with Depression in Undergraduate Students.

Introduction: Past literature has shown that college undergraduates are particularly vulnerable to depression. The objective of this study is to find if certain majors and housing arrangements are associated with major depression as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), after adjustment for age, gender, and family history of depression.Methods: Participants were undergraduates at a large public university that used the university health center from April 1 - November 4, 2013. Participants completed a survey which included the PHQ-2, a validated screening test for depression. Those who scored positive were asked to take the longer PHQ-9 survey to assess for major depression. Logistic regression was used to test the significance of associations between several prescribed variables (namely, college major, housing arrangement, age, gender, and family history of depression) and outcome (major depression as assessed by the PHQ-9).Results: Of 541 students, 71 (13.1%) scored positive on the PHQ-9 for depression. Family history was significantly associated (OR 4.20, 95% CI, 2.42, 7.29) with major depressive disorder, as was a major in the College of Arts and Humanities (OR 3.84, 95% CI, 1.18, 12.46) compared to the baseline of an undecided/interdisciplinary major.Conclusions: A major in the College of Arts and Humanities was significantly associated with major depression. This may be significant for future efforts to target mental health interventions on college campuses.

The relationship between quality of sleep and depression in undergraduate students

The relationship between quality of sleep and depression in undergraduate students

The Relationship between Cognitive-behavioral Styles and Depression in Undergraduate Students: Focusing on Schemas and Selection Factors of Action

本研究の目的は，強化感受性とスキーマの組み合わせの特徴を明らかにし，各特徴による抑うつ症状の差を検討することであった。研究Iでは，大学生693名（男性270名，女性423名）を分析対象とした。クラスター分析の結果，「認知の歪み・受動的回避傾向群」，「報酬反応低群」，「認知の歪み低群」，「行動活性群」，「認知の歪み・能動的回避傾向群」の5つの特徴が明らかになり，「認知の歪み・受動的回避傾向群」の抑うつ症状が最も高いことが示された。研究IIでは，研究Iで示された5つの群に属する大学生175名（男性57名，女性118名）を対象に，抑うつ症状の系時的変化を検討した。その結果，「認知の歪み・受動的回避傾向群」が6か月後も抑うつ症状を最も高く維持させる特徴であることが明らかになった。最後に，各特徴に合わせた介入法の必要性が議論された。

Effects of Social Support and Paranoia on Depression in Undergraduate Students with Symptoms of Autism-Spectrum Disorder

Effects of Social Support and Paranoia on Depression in Undergraduate Students with Symptoms of Autism-Spectrum Disorder