Effects Of Depression Research Articles

Abstract 4140130: Association of Depression and Anxiety with Coronary Plaque: The Miami Heart Study (MiHeart)

Introduction: The prevalence of psychological disorders have been increasing, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple mechanisms such as medication nonadherence, negative coping behaviors, and systemic inflammation may mediate the potential effects of depression and anxiety on atherosclerosis. Question: Is there an association of depression or anxiety with the presence of plaque assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) among adults free of clinical coronary artery disease (CAD)? Aim: We aim to examine the association of psychological factors with CCTA-based plaque, as they may be key targets for prevention and CCTA could be considered for enhanced risk characterization. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from the community-based Miami Heart Study (MiHeart). Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire 8-item scale with a score ≥10 indicating binary depression. Anxiety was assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item questionnaire with a score ≥10 demonstrating binary anxiety. The outcome was the binary presence of any plaque on CCTA. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for potential confounders and clinically relevant risk factors. Sensitivity analyses further examined the severity of depressive symptoms, severity of anxiety symptoms, individuals with either depression or anxiety, and individuals with both depression and anxiety as predictors of coronary plaque. Results: Of the 2,356 individuals (mean age 53.4±6.8 years), 50.4% were men and 47.1% were of Hispanic ethnicity. Depression and anxiety were reported in 143 (6.1%) and 224 (9.5%) of individuals, respectively. CCTA-identified plaque was present in 49.0% of participants with depression and 54.0% of those with anxiety, and plaque presence did not significantly differ when compared to those without depression or without anxiety, respectively. There were no significant associations between depression and plaque (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.03; 95%CI [0.70, 1.52]; p=0.891) or between anxiety and plaque (aOR: 1.27; 95%CI [0.93, 1.73]; p=0.138) in all regression models. On sensitivity analysis, there were also no statistically significant associations found. Conclusion: Our study found no association of depression, anxiety, their combination, or their severity with coronary plaque on CCTA in asymptomatic adults. To our knowledge, this is the first large study on this topic utilizing CCTA data in a U.S. population.

Electrophysiological indices of reward anticipation as ADHD risk and prognostic biomarkers

AbstractThe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) clinical phenotype has limitations for deciphering ADHD etiology and predicting prognosis. Although relative to the clinical phenotype, intermediate phenotypes may have better explanatory and prognostic power, the extent to which ADHD intermediate phenotypes are associated with ADHD risk and prognosis is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate evidence for event-related potential (ERP) measures of reward anticipation as ADHD risk and prognostic biomarkers. We examined, whether (1) in a sample of adolescents (N = 304; Mage = 15.78 years, SD = 1.08; 39.5% female), accounting for the effects of age, sex, ADHD severity and depression, ERPs are associated with ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRSs) (ADHD risk) and (2) in a sample of adolescents at-risk for ADHD (n = 99; Mage = 15.78 years, SD = 1.08; 39.5% female), accounting for the effects of age, sex, ADHD severity, depression, and baseline outcome values, ERPs are associated, prospectively, with alcohol misuse (ADHD prognosis). In adolescents, greater ADHD PRSs were associated with lower electrophysiological anticipatory attention to motivationally relevant feedback (b = −0.115, p = .046 95%CI [−0.228; −0.002]). The predictors accounted for 5% of the variance in the outcome. In adolescents at-risk for ADHD, at 18-month follow-up, lower electrophysiological anticipatory attention to motivationally relevant feedback was associated with greater alcohol consumption (b = −7.454, p = .007, 95%CI [−12.873; −2.034]). The predictors accounted for 31% of the variance in this outcome. These findings were replicated in sensitivity analyses with behavioral performance variables added as covariates. The current findings support the hypothesis that ERP amplitudes of reward anticipation may be ADHD risk and prognostic biomarkers and suggest that intermediate phenotypes may confer advantages over the ADHD clinical phenotype in delineating etiology and predicting prognosis.

Clinical study of different frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with paroxetine in the treatment of poststroke depression with insomnia

Background: Study the treatment of poststroke depression and insomnia using varied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) frequencies alongside paroxetine. Aim to enhance rTMS effectiveness for depression, insomnia, neurological impairment, and daily living skills. Methods: Ninety poststroke depression (PSD) patients were randomly divided into a low-frequency group (low-frequency rTMS + enteric-coated paroxetine), a high-frequency group (high-frequency rTMS + enteric-coated paroxetine), and a control group (sham stimulation + enteric-coated paroxetine). The treatment was administered 5 times a week for a total of 2 weeks. Before treatment, at the end of the 2-week treatment, and at the end of the 6-week follow-up, the 3 groups of patients were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). The mean differences of scores measured at different frequencies and at different times were analyzed by repeated measure one-way analysis of variance. Results: The interaction between different frequency and score before and after treatment was significant. HAMD, PSQI, and NIHSS scores of the 3 groups after 2 weeks of treatment and 6 weeks of follow-up were significantly lower than before treatment, while MBI scores were opposite. The main effect of treatment scores in different frequency groups showed that HAMD, NIHSS, and MBI scores were not significantly different among the 3 groups before treatment. The HAMD, PSQI, and NIHSS scores of the low frequency group and the high frequency group were significantly lower than those of the control group after treatment, and the MBI scores were the opposite, except that there was no significant difference in HAMD-17 scores among the 3 groups at the 6-week follow-up. Among them, HAMD score in high-frequency group was significantly lower than that in low-frequency group, and PSQI score was significantly higher than that in low-frequency group. Conclusion: Low-frequency rTMS combined with medication has a better therapeutic effect on the insomnia symptoms of PSD, while high-frequency rTMS combined with medication has a more pronounced therapeutic effect on the depressive symptoms of PSD. Both high-frequency and low-frequency rTMS have an improving effect on neurofunctional deficits and activities of daily living.

Mu-opioid receptors in tachykinin-1-positive cells mediate the respiratory and antinociceptive effects of the opioid fentanyl.

Opioid drugs are potent analgesics that carry the risk of respiratory side effects due to actions on μ-opioid receptors (MORs) in brainstem regions that control respiration. Substance P is encoded by the Tac1 gene and is expressed in neurons regulating breathing, nociception, and locomotion. Tac1-positive cells also express MORs in brainstem regions mediating opioid-induced respiratory depression. We determined the role of Tac1-positive cells in mediating the respiratory effects of opioid drugs. In situ hybridization was used to determine Oprm1 mRNA expression (gene encoding MORs) in Tac1-positive cells in regions regulating respiratory depression by opioid drugs. Conditional knockout mice lacking functional MORs in Tac1-positive cells were produced and the respiratory and locomotor responses to the opioid analgesic fentanyl were assessed using whole-body plethysmography. A tail immersion assay was used to assess the antinociceptive response to fentanyl. Oprm1 mRNA was highly expressed (>80%) in subpopulations of Tac1-positive cells in the preBötzinger Complex, nucleus tractus solitarius, and Kölliker-Fuse/lateral parabrachial region. Conditionally knocking out MORs in Tac1-positive cells abolished the effects of fentanyl on respiratory rate, relative tidal volume, and relative minute ventilation compared with control mice. Importantly, the antinociceptive response of fentanyl was eliminated in mice lacking functional MORs in Tac1-positive cells, whereas locomotor effects induced by fentanyl were preserved. Our findings suggest that Tac1-positive cells mediate the respiratory depressive and antinociceptive effects of the opioid fentanyl, providing important insights for the development of pain therapies with reduced risk of respiratory side effects.

Effectiveness, efficacy, acceptability, and feasibility of trauma-informed depression, anxiety, and substance use prevention programs for young people aged 12-25 years: A mixed-methods systematic review.

Mental ill-health and substance use bear significant public health burden on young people. Prevention is key. Trauma-informed approaches to prevention of mental ill-health and substance use demonstrate significant promise, yet it is unclear how well existing approaches work for young people targeting mental ill-health and substance use. This review aimed to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of trauma-informed mental ill-health and/or substance use prevention programs for young people. We searched the PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library reference databases for peer-reviewed studies of trauma-informed mental ill-health and/or substance use prevention programs for young people published between 2013 and 2022. Studies in any language were included and reference lists of included articles were scanned for additional studies of relevance. In total, 30 studies were included in this review, comprising five randomized controlled trials (RCTs), seven non-RCTs, 10 quasi-experimental designs, and eight qualitative studies. Among the 30 studies, 27 unique trauma-informed prevention interventions were detailed. Eighteen studies reported statistically significant decreases in mental ill-health, and two studies reported significant decreases in substance use outcomes among participants, up to 6 months following the interventions. Most preventative interventions with statistically significant effects were selective (rather than universal or indicated) in their approach (n = 10, 55%). Broad acceptability and feasibility of trauma-informed prevention programs was observed among studies reporting this information though most quantitative studies were at high risk of bias and/or did not include a control group, whilst qualitative studies tended to report research conducted without a priori research aims. This review synthesizes for the first-time evidence on the effectiveness (or efficacy), feasibility, and acceptability of trauma-informed mental ill-health and/or substance use programs for young people, especially for those exposed to traumatic or adverse experiences. While there are promising efficacy outcomes, further research conducting rigorous, well-powered RCTs is required for large-scale evaluation and scaling of the potential preventative benefits of such programs.

Pathways from bullying victimisation to problematic media use in primary school students: do depression and teacher–child relationships matter?

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that bullying victimisation is a significant risk factor for problematic media use. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms involved in this link. This study aimed to examine the association between bullying victimisation and problematic media use among primary school students, as well as the mediating effect of depression and the moderating effect of teacher–student relationships on this association. A total of 341 participants (10.73 ± 0.68 years) from a Chinese primary school completed the structured questionnaire with respect to the study variables. The results showed that depression mediated the association between bullying victimisation and problematic media use and that teacher–student relationships moderated the second stage (depression to problematic media use) of the mediation model. The simple slope analysis indicated that the association between depression and problematic media use was not significant when the relationship between teachers and students was high (bsimple = 0.03, t = 0.30, p > 0.05). As students perceived low levels of relationships with teachers, depression had a significant effect on problematic media use (bsimple = 0.32, t = 3.34, p < 0.01). These findings can provide empirical support for formulating problematic media use intervention measures based on the bullying victimisation experience as well as the important role of depression and teacher–child relationships.

The relationship between childhood hunger experiences and activities of daily living disability: a mediating role of depression.

Hunger is an important public health issue. This study aims to explore the impact of childhood hunger experiences (CHEs) on activities of daily living (ADL) disability and to discover the mediating role of depression on this correlation. Data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020. Depression was assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. ADL disability, basic ADL (BADL) disability and instrumental ADL (IADL) disability were assessed using the ADL scale. The relationships between CHEs, depression and ADL disability were estimated using probit methods, and the mediating effect of depression was estimated using the stepwise regression test and bootstrap methods. A total of 9,905 sample were included in the study. The study found that CHEs increased ADL disability by approximately 9.1% (β = 0.091, 95% CI: 0.028, 0.154), and increased the probability of IADL disability by approximately 8.0% (β = 0.080, 95% CI: 0.016, 0.144). CHEs increased ADL disability by approximately 29.8% (β = 0.298, 95% CI: 0.202, 0.393) in samples under 60 years of age. CHEs indirectly increased ADL (β = 0.062, 95% CI: 0.000, 0.124) by increasing the probability of depression. CHEs predicted ADL disability, and depression mediated this correlation. There is a need to focus on the impact of CHEs on mental and physical health. In particular, focusing on mental health is necessary to prevent impairment of physical functioning.

Association of depression with gastroesophageal reflux disease, and the mediating role of risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that depression affects gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). But, the relationship between depression and GERD is unclear. To examine the relationship between depression and the risk of GERD, as well as the mediating role of risk factors.MethodsWe found genetic variants associated with GERD (N = 78,707) and depression (N = 500,199 (excluding 23 and Me) from the largest genome-wide association study and we applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to find out if they are related. We further used two-step MR to find the mediating factors.ResultsThe results found a causal link between depression and GERD, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), risk OR 2.149 (95% CI, 1.910 to 2.418; P &amp;lt;0.001). F-statistics for all instrumental variables (IVs) were greater than 10. Multivariate MR maintained the significance of the depression-GERD link even after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and educational attainment (EA). Mediation analysis revealed that increased depression is associated with lower EA (OR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.99; P = 0.03), while EA itself significantly impacts GERD risk (OR = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.34; P = 8.24 × 10-9). Ultimately, EA mediates the effect of depression on GERD (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.18; P = 0.04), accounting for 11.4% of the mediated effect.ConclusionsDepression is associated with an increased risk of developing GERD, with some of the effects mediated by EA. This result may provide important information for the prevention and intervention of depression and GERD.

Association of depression with longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan: A mendelian randomization study.

Understanding the impact of depression on brain aging benefits the prognosis of this disease and of the risk that other age-related brain disorders will develop in the same population. The aim of the present study was to explore the genetic effect of depression on longitudinal changes in brain structure throughout the lifespan using a Mendelian randomization approach. Summary data from a genome-wide association study of 195,321 to 377,277 participants in the FinnGen consortium were used to predict depression, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and antidepressant use genetically. Data from 15,640 participants in the ENIGMA consortium were included to predict changes in 15 brain structures throughout the lifespan. The causal relationship between these depressive traits and the brain structure parameters was assessed by two-sample Mendelian randomization (including inverse-variance weighted). Sensitivity analyses were conducted for quality control. Depression slowed the decrease of cortical gray matter volume significantly throughout the lifespan (p = 0.001). Depression, anxiety, and mood disorders nominally decreased the rates of change of volume in the cerebellum gray matter, lateral ventricles, and cortical gray matter throughout the lifespan (p = 0.048, p = 0.021, p = 0.038, respectively). Antidepressants did not affect these rates of change significantly (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of this study. Depression and its main symptoms have a slight effect on longitudinal changes in a few brain structures throughout the lifespan at the genetic level. These findings do not support the notion that depression affects macro-aging in the brain crucially.

Effect of Depression in The Elderly on Glaucoma and Pharmacotherapy Options

Introduction: Depression in the elderly is often not detected because elderly people who are depressed show more somatic or cognitive complaints than affective complaints. The relationship between depression and the progression of glaucoma has been studied and taken into consideration in the selection of therapy to be given. Methods: This report is a case report from a patient who has been given an explanation and received consent regarding a psychiatric interview, physical examination and support, interventions, case discussion presentations, and the confidentiality of all patient personal information. Case: Education was carried out on a 72-year-old patient with a Major Depressive Episode without psychotic symptoms who also had glaucoma a few months after complaining of depression. The education provided includes knowledge about depression and its relationship to glaucoma, a management plan in the form of advice for hospitalization in a hospital that has a psychiatrist and an ophthalmologist. Conclusion: Depression in the elderly can affect the progression of glaucoma. The choice of psychopharmacological therapy needs to be adjusted by considering its side effects on the possibility of glaucoma or the risk of aggravating the progression of glaucoma.

Linking acculturation stress, parenting stress and depression of Asian expatriates' wives in the USA with their distress disclosure intention: The moderating role of husband's support

The present circumstances of Asian expatriates' wives residing in the United States and the effects of acculturation stress, parenthood stress, and depression on the distress disclosure intention have been examined this study. The nature of this investigation is exploratory. 611 married women with children who reside in the United States provided data, which was then processed with a measurement model, structural analysis, mediating analysis, moderating analysis, and regression analysis. Structural analysis showed that acculturation stress influenced parenting stress and depression. In addition, it is viewed that there is the positive link between parenting stress, and depression; distress disclosure intention was caused by parenting stress and depression. Finally, it is observed from the regression analysis that supportive husband interactions had not moderated the link between depression and distress disclosure intention. The data gathered from Asian women who live overseas and have children makes the empirical proof possible. The developed conceptual framework can be used in other geographical areas.

The effect of depression status on osteoarthritis: A powerful two-step Mendelian randomization study.

There is no conclusive epidemiological evidence regarding the relationship between OA, depression, and whole-body fat mass. In this study, we conducted a two-step Mendelian randomization analysis to determine the causal relationships between them. The published summary-level data are from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our study included 357,957 samples and 10,828,862 SNPs. Finally, the outcome GWAS data for OA came from a GWAS on the genetic architecture of OA using UK Biobank data. This study included 50,508 samples and 15,845,511 SNPs. We used five different modes of analysis, including inverse variance weighted meta-analysis (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, to explore causal relationships. We found a positive correlation between depression and body fat mass, with depression leading to body fat mass an increase in (IVW result: p=3.39E-07, OR (95% CI) =2.16 (1.61, 2.90)). We also found a positive correlation between body fat mass and OA, with body fat mass increasing the risk of OA (IVW result: p=1.65E-33, OR (95% CI)=1.98 (1.77, 2.21). Body fat mass played an important role as a mediator in the causal relationship between depression and OA, with approximately 14% of the risk of OA caused by depression being mediated by body fat mass. Our study offers reliable evidence that depression has a detrimental impact on the risk of OA. Future research can support these associations from improving depressed effect, including social, biological, and behavioral factors, to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis. And we identified high-risk variation of alleles which associated with OA and depression can be used to predict disease and provide a basis for clinical intervention and treatment of OA.

The Effects of Depression and Anxiety on Oral Symptoms in Delivery Riders: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Somatic Symptoms

The Effects of Depression and Anxiety on Oral Symptoms in Delivery Riders: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Somatic Symptoms

Joint effects of depression and social determinants of health on mortality risk among U.S. adults: a cohort study

BackgroundUnfavorable social determinants of health (SDoH) are associated with depression. Both depression and SDoH are associated with increased risks of mortality, but their joint impacts on mortality risks remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the joint effects of depression and SDoH on mortality risk.MethodsUtilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018, 24,727 adults aged ≥ 20 were included. SDoH was assessed based on the 5 domains outlined in the U.S. Healthy People 2030 initiative. The cumulative number of unfavorable SDoH was calculated and categorized into low and high burden levels. The definition of depression was based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores ≥ 10. The joint associations of depression and SDoH with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsWe identified 2,377 (6.84%) all-cause deaths (CVD, 717; cancer, 606) during a median follow-up of 7.0 years. Depression was associated with increased mortality risks, and SDoH could explain 32.4% and 28.3% of the associations between depression and all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. No significant interactions were observed between depression and SDoH on mortality. However, a low burden of unfavorable SDoH reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in depressed patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–0.92). In the joint analysis, individuals with both depression and a high burden of unfavorable SDoH had the highest risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Specifically, compared with individuals with no depression and a low burden of unfavorable SDoH, those with depression and a high burden of unfavorable SDoH had higher risks of all-cause (HR, 2.52; 95% CI: 2.01–3.18) and CVD mortality (HR, 2.79; 95% CI: 1.95–3.99).ConclusionAdults with both depression and a high burden of unfavorable SDoH had the highest risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. The result suggests considering depression and SDoH jointly in developing targeted intervention strategies to improve survival outcomes and calls for larger cohort studies and clinical trials to validate our findings.

The Hope Therapy Effect Toward Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Tuberculosis Patients with Multi-Drug Resistance at Jayapura’s Healthcare Center, Papua

Background: Indonesia is the third country with a high-rate case of tuberculosis with multi-drug resistance, for a percentage of 5% per 100.000 population. In Papua, TB-MDR becomes the main problem of health with a successful percentage of medication at 68.7%, an indicator of WHO higher than 85%. The complexity and the prolonged occurrence make the patients to have mental health illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, and stress. The field data of depression cases consisted of 65 patients. 50% with had mild depression, 20% with moderate, and 25.55 with severe. Patients with anxiety ranged from 16.7% to 37.29%. Patients with severe stress consisted of 20%. The mental illness health problems for TB-MDR patients required the roles of the nurses, such as counseling based on HOPE therapy. Purpose: Analyzed the effects of HOPE therapy to manage depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Methods: Quasi-experimental research applied a systematically assigned control group. The population consisted of patients with TB-MDR receiving medication at Jayapura's healthcare center, 40 individuals. Results: HOPE therapy effects for depression, stress, and anxiety levels applied the Wilcoxon test. The obtained result was a p-value lower than 0.05. The results indicated the effect of HOPE therapy medication on depression, stress, and anxiety levels. The intervention group had decreased depression, stress, and anxiety levels with p-values of 0.043 and 0.012. The results contradicted the control group. The obtained p-value was higher than 0.05, indicating no effect. The p-values were 0.721, 0.532, and 0.670. Conclusion: HOPE therapy was useful for TB-MDR patients with mental illness. The administered HOPE therapy for patients could improve their confidence and hopes to live better and recover.

Unveiling the depression role of quercetin in selective flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite at low alkalinity

In flotation, the separation and concentration of copper-iron sulfide ores are usually carried out at high alkalinity to depress pyrite, and plenty of lime could block the flotation pipeline and affect the recovery of precious metals during practical operation. Herein, the current research hotspot to achieve the separation of copper-iron sulfide ores under low alkalinity. This paper presented an eco-friendly reagent, quercetin, for the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite, and investigated the effect on the flotation performance of the two minerals. The interaction mechanism of quercetin with mineral was demonstrated using zeta potential measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface adsorption measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The flotation results showed that the depressive effect of quercetin on pyrite was more pronounced in comparison to its impact on chalcopyrite at pH 8.0, and the chalcopyrite recovery reached 90 %, whereas that of pyrite was under 10 %. The surface analysis revealed quercetin chemisorption on the mineral surface through interaction with metal sites. In the presence of quercetin, the quercetin significantly diminished the ability of pyrite to adsorb xanthan but had minor effects on the adsorption of chalcopyrite.

Sexism and Cannabis-Related Problems Among Women in the U.S.: The Role of Negative Affect and Coping-Motivated Cannabis Use

Background Although previous studies have highlighted the detrimental impact of sexism on other substance use and use-related outcomes among women, limited empirical attention has tested whether sexism is related to worse cannabis-related outcomes. It may be that women use cannabis to cope with negative affect related to experiencing sexism, and thus continue to use despite cannabis-related problems. However, no known studies have tested this hypothesis. Objectives We tested whether experiencing sexism was related to more cannabis use-related problems via the serial effects of negative affect (anxiety, depression) and coping-motivated cannabis use among 304 women who endorsed current (past three-month) cannabis use. Results Sexism was significantly positively related to coping-motivated-cannabis use and use-related problems. Sexism was indirectly related to cannabis problems via the serial effects of anxiety and coping motives and via the serial effects of depression and coping motives, but not via the indirect effects of anxiety, depression, or coping motives alone. Conclusions Findings suggest that women may use cannabis to cope with sexism-related negative affect, and thus continue to use despite experiencing greater cannabis problems. These results may have important clinical implications and emphasize the need for greater gender-responsive approaches in prevention and intervention efforts for women who use cannabis.

The effect of depression on the outcome of infertile females underwent the first In Vitro Fertilization procedure

Background: Infertility affects married adults, and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) that can treat it. Women undergoing IVF are more likely to experience depression. There is a need to reduce depression by supporting and advising sufferers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of depression on pregnancy rates among infertile females underwent IVF treatment. Materials and Methods: This observational study analyzed 149 patients attending the infertility center at Kamal Al-Samaraie hospital seeking a chance of a conception. The participants received a traditional hospital protocol. The study assessed depression status using the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) scale at the beginning of the IVF cycle. Results: Conclusion: Our findings show that the pregnancy rate was not related to baseline depression of women underwent the first IVF procedure. .

Optimism mitigated impacts of pre-operative depression and anxiety on post-operative distress in cardiac patients

ABSTRACT Both anxiety and depression are comorbid mortality risks in middle-aged and older patients with heart diseases. Open-heart surgery (OHS), a life-altering procedure, can induce psychological distress that impedes postoperative recovery. Extensive research has shown the health benefit of optimism, an indicator of hope—a Character Strength in positive psychology. It predicts low mortality in cardiovascular disease—the number one killer of all Americans. Few studies, however, have explored whether that optimism mitigates the negative impact of preoperative depression and anxiety on postoperative general psychological distress. This interdisciplinary clinical study evaluated a hypothetical model of these relationships prior to and 1 month following OHS in 311 U.S. patients using a three-wave survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to predict post-OHS general psychological distress. Optimism was indicated by two subscales in the Life Orientation Test (LOT). Based on the definition, general psychological distress was indicated by low symptom levels of somatization, depression, and anxiety as measured by the SCL-90 subscales. The final solution demonstrated a good fit. Optimism alleviates the negative effects of preoperative depression and anxiety, as indicators of poor mental health, on postoperative distress. Both older age and female gender were positively and directly associated with higher levels of post-OHS symptoms. The finding supports the beneficial role of optimism in mitigating the damage of poor mental health in the postoperative outcome of cardiac patients. The desirable function of character strength hope suggests that health providers should be attentive to and enhance inner strength for reducing the distress of cardiac patients in the postoperative recovery month.

How Psychophysical Stress Can Mediate the Effects of Anxiety and Depression on the Overall Quality of Life and Well-Being in Women Undergoing Hereditary Breast Cancer Screening

Background: Women undergoing genetic counseling for hereditary breast cancer often experience a high emotional burden. Distress and stress in the initial phases of genetic counseling can be significant predictors of long-term psychological health, influencing quality of life and well-being. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of psychophysical stress in the relationship of anxiety and depression with quality of life and well-being in women undergoing genetic counseling for BRCA1/2 mutations. Methods: A sample of 193 women from two genetic counseling clinics was assessed using validated questionnaires measuring the psychological variables under study. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were also considered. Results: The results of path analyses indicated a mediating role of psychophysical stress on the relationship between emotional distress and mental quality of life and well-being: higher levels of anxiety and depression were associated with increased psychophysical stress, which, in turn, was linked to a reduced perceived mental quality of life and well-being. Depression was the only significant psychological predictor of physical quality of life. Conclusions: These findings indicate that addressing both anxiety and depression in genetic counseling is crucial for enhancing mental and overall well-being. Interventions should focus on stress management to improve the quality of life, emphasizing depression treatment to enhance physical health outcomes.