The association between long-term use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and bone mineral density (BMD) has been controversial, as seen in three case-control studies in New Zealand, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. In the present case-controlled study of BMD, a group of 67 Chinese women who had used DMPA from 5–15 years was compared with 218 women of the same age range who had not used any steroidal hormones. DMPA users were found to have a significantly lower BMD at lumbar vertebra (L2–4) (0.93 g/cm 2), neck of femur (0.69 g/cm 2), trochanter (0.59 g/cm 2), and Ward’s triangle (0.58 g/cm 2), as compared with the control group, whose corresponding BMD values were 1.03 g/cm 2, 0.83 g/cm 2, 0.71 g/cm 2, and 0.78 g/cm 2, respectively (p <0.001). The average percentage of bone loss per year was estimated to be 1.1% in L2–4, 2.3% in neck of femur, 2.4% in trochanter, and 3.5% in Ward’s triangle. The percentage of bone loss in L2–4 was found to be more pronounced with age. This study provided information that the use of DMPA in a Chinese group for >5 years is associated with bone loss, and a prospective study is needed to confirm these data, which are different from two case-control studies.