Depository Library Research Articles

Structural and Functional Analyses of Inhibition of Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase by Antiviral Furocoumavirin.

Natural products are important sources of seed compounds for drug discovery. However, it has become difficult in recent years to discover new compounds with valuable pharmacological activities. On the other hand, among the vast number of natural products that have been isolated so far, a considerable number of compounds with specific biological activities are thought to be overlooked in screening that uses biological activity as an index. Therefore, it is conceivable that such overlooked useful compounds may be found by screening compound libraries that have been amassed previously through specific assays. Previously, NPD723, a member of the Natural Products Depository library comprised of a mixture of natural and non-natural products developed at RIKEN, and its metabolite H-006 were found to inhibit growth of various cancer cells at low nanomolar half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Subsequent analysis revealed that H-006 strongly inhibited human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. Here, we elucidated the crystal structure of the DHODH-flavin mononucleotide-orotic acid-H-006 complex at 1.7 Å resolution to determine that furocoumavirin, the S-enantiomer of H-006, was the actual inhibitor. The overall mode of interaction of furocoumavirin with the inhibitor binding pocket was similar to that described for previously reported tight-binding inhibitors. However, the structural information together with kinetic characterizations of site-specific mutants identified key unique features that are considered to contribute to the sub-nanomolar inhibition of DHODH by furocoumavirin. Our finding identified new chemical features that could improve the design of human DHODH inhibitors.

User-centred collecting for emerging formats

ABSTRACT Since 2013, the UK legal deposit libraries have worked collaboratively to develop systems to manage born-digital publications, including a more experimental approach to content management for emerging formats. Within the content management lifecycle, access was identified as a key challenge. This paper provides an overview of the work conducted at legal deposit libraries to better understand access requirements for emerging formats, from a user's perspective and with a focus on web-based interactive narratives. It includes background information on UK non-print legal deposit and the characteristics that distinguish emerging formats from other collection items. It explores the findings from different workshops discussing user's needs and expectations when accessing born-digital collections in a library environment. It also considers how existing tools and methodologies, such as web archiving, can be adapted and built to support the collection of emerging formats. Finally, it delves into different research projects conducted at the British Library around archiving and performing quality assurance for interactive narratives, collecting contextual information, and lessons learnt from exhibiting born-digital content in a physical space.

The UN depository libraries system: features of formation and development

The UN depository libraries system: features of formation and development

Novels and the NSTC: A Quantitative Study of Legal Deposit

ABSTRACTThe Nineteenth‐Century Short Title Catalog (NSTC) attempts to provide comprehensive coverage of the print record in the English‐speaking world from 1801 to 1918 based primarily on the catalog records of Britain's five legal deposit libraries during the 19th century. Previous studies have used the NSTC to quantitatively study broad trends in Victorian‐era British publishing, but they have not sufficiently acknowledged the NSTC's limitations. This study works within the NSTC's limitations by using it to quantitatively study the phenomena of legal deposit. Analysis of two, 90‐volume random samples of first edition English novels reveals the impact of changing library acquisition practices and legal deposit legislation on the comprehensiveness of Britain's legal deposit libraries, as well as the NSTC's comprehensiveness and how it can be utilized for quantitative book history despite its deficiencies.

Hospital disaster preparedness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of English literature

BackgroundDisasters are increasing worldwide, with Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) being one of the most prone regions. Hospitals play a key role in disasters. This study provides a systematic review of the evidence on disaster preparedness by hospitals in SSA countries based on English literature.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted of articles published between January 2012 and July 2022. We searched PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct, Google Scholar, the WHO depository library and CDC sites for English language publications. The key inclusion criteria were: publications should have been published in the above period, deal with hospital disaster preparedness in SSA, the full paper should have been available, and studies should have presented a comparison between hospitals and/or a single hospital.ResultsResults indicate improvements in disaster preparedness over time. However, health systems in SSA are generally considered vulnerable, and they find it difficult to adapt to changing health conditions. Inadequately skilled healthcare professionals, underfunding, poor knowledge, the absence of governance and leadership, lack of transparency and bureaucracy are the main preparedness barriers. Some countries are in an infancy stage of their health system development, while others are among the least developed health system in the world. Finally, a major barrier to disaster preparedness in SSA countries is the inability to collaborate in disaster response.ConclusionsHospital disaster preparedness is vulnerable in SSA countries. Thus, improvement of hospital disaster preparedness is highly needed.

The Congressional Joint Committee on Printing: The Nation’s Guardian of Public Access to Government Publications and Information

The Congressional Joint Committee on Printing has been the Nation’s guardian of public access to government publications for over a hundred years. Depository libraries have a close relationship with the members of Congress in their own state because those members are the ones that designate them as depositories. JCP has taken many steps to improve services to libraries and the public, including hiring the first librarian with the charge of helping Congress improve information services for the public and the libraries that serve them.

“The Twilight Zone”: Congressionally Chartered Organizations

Governments worldwide have established a variety of corporations, instrumentalities, quasi-official agencies, quangos, and other “hybrid” entities. This paper explores congressionally chartered organizations (CCOs) in the United States. First, it seeks to explain why CCOs exist and why Congress establishes them. Next, it reviews the cases of some specific organizations to illustrate the complexities of these anomalous entities. It concludes with a discussion of how CCO publications are treated in the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) and how laws that promote public access may not be applicable to CCOs.

Investigating the Persistence of Federal Government Publications in Academic Former Full Depository Libraries in Canada

Objective – The Depository Services Program (DSP) provided printed Government of Canada publications to libraries until the termination of its distribution program in 2013. Full Depository Libraries (FDLs) received all eligible publications distributed by the DSP automatically. This study endeavours to determine whether academic library members of the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) that were formerly FDLs have maintained their print, federal government holdings since 2013; and what the results of the data collected in this study reveal about access to government information in Canada more broadly. Methods – The study identified a sample of 100 monographs distributed to FDLs via the DSP between 1979 and 2009. Each monograph was then searched for in the public catalogues of former FDL CARL member libraries to determine current holdings. Results – Most libraries included in the sample did not have records of all 100 publications, but every publication was located in at least 5 libraries and 12 publications were found in all libraries included in the study. Of the libraries in our sample, 1/3 had retained more than 90 of 100 publications, and 3/4 had retained at least 80. Conclusion – The redundancy that was a cornerstone of the DSP network still exists to a certain extent and should be leveraged to ensure retention and access to these essential materials for years to come. Existing collaborations and partnerships are well positioned to support a pan-Canadian discussion about preservation of and access to historical federal government information in Canadian libraries and library networks.

Academic Map Library Weeding

While maps remain an important part of library work, there has been a dearth of scholarly discussion on weeding maps. Some authors have offered suggestions in particular contexts – notably in public libraries and U.S. depository libraries. This leaves significant room for further discussion for those outside of the U.S. context, and those with more general map libraries. Following a literature review and contextual information situating the author's involvement in the topic, a discussion of methods and appropriate considerations are offered for weeding map collections. These guidelines are offered in point form in the conclusion for ease of referral.

Open Science and digital humanities in the United Nations Depository Libraries System

Open Science and digital humanities in the United Nations Depository Libraries System

News from the Field

PALNI celebrates 30th anniversary ACRL, ARL share community response to White House memorandum on public-access to research IMLS now accepting applications for Native American, Native Hawaiian Library Services grants supporting core library programs Task force recommends digital Federal Depository Library Program New from ACRL—Teaching Critical Reading Skills: Strategies for Academic Librarians OverDrive releases 2022 digital book circulation data and highlights Gale launches new ChiltonLibrary platform New born-digital chapter focusing on Islamic history hosted by Project MUSE

Stop the Presses! Let’s Begin Conversion to the New Depository Library System

By 1997, the last working photo-offset printing press owned by the Government Printing Office will be dismantled for shipment to the Smithsonian Institute. The presses will be sold one by one over the years because less and less government information will be published in printed form. The specialized printing jobs still remaining will be contracted out.

New Appointments to Depository Library Council

GODORT welcomes the newest Depository Library Council members, who will serve from June 1, 2022 through May 31, 2025.

Institutional Libraries and Book Collecting Practices in Ireland, 1960–2000

The National Library of Ireland (NLI) became a legal deposit library in 1927, joining Trinity College which had been, since 1801, subject to British legal-deposit legislation. These two institutions were to form the backbone of the country’s large-scale collection and preservation of written heritage during the twentieth century. In augmenting their collections during this time, they faced similar challenges of space and finance, while also benefitting from the dispersal of major private libraries of big houses in the post-civil war era. This article examines the acquisitions policies of these two libraries in the context of broader trends in the rare book trade. It considers the shifting sands of public and university budgets for library-building during the latter half of the twentieth century and examines where books and archives of Irish interest were bought and sold. In particular, it addresses the impact of the growth of US universities and specialist libraries on the market for Irish material from the 1960s onwards. Responding to this increased competition, the Irish institutions managed their collections and acquisitions in new ways, often at increased cost and using selective buying practices. Drawing on catalogues of sales, auctions and library records, this article offers a broad appreciation of the literary-institutional landscape in a period of vast change in Ireland.

Contributing to HathiTrust on a Smaller Scale

In 2021, the Oklahoma State University Library contributed titles from the Bureau of Indian Affairs in their regional depository library collection to the HathiTrust Digital Library. A coordinated effort, this allowed the university library to expand the mission and outreach of the Federal Depository Library Program and also disseminate information and further education as part of the responsibility of a land-grant institution. Contributing Bureau of Indian Affairs materials enhanced the OSU Library’s role as a preservation partner with the Federal Depository Library Program, supported the state with the importance of Native American tribes in Oklahoma, and complemented the goals of the HathiTrust Federal Documents Collection Framework as a key agency to complete as to a comprehensive collection.

Technological transformation of United States government documents librarianship

The United States Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) is a government mandated program that distributes government information to the populace through designated “depository” libraries. From the 1970s until today, due to advancing technology, government documents librarianship has undergone several transformative changes. Beginning with distribution of government information on microfilm through the appearance of electronic information in the 1980s exponentially increased the amount of information available to users, information that often came with a large learning curve to use. The proliferation of government information transformed government documents librarianship from a self-contained, stand-alone, bibliographically focused entity to a more forward-facing, user-centric focus.The depository community is largely led by academic institutions, which account for 72% of depositories. They have lobbied the FDLP for increased access, better training, improvements in delivery, and assurances that electronic information would be found, captured, and preserved. In addition, their efforts have ensured digitization of the historic print depository collection is largely complete. However, until federal statutory legislation changes, significant amounts of born-digital government information is being lost to time.

Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) Academic Library Websites A webometric analysis of academic libraries participating in the FDLP

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the website content of academic libraries participating as selective depositories in the FDLP to examine legal compliance and accessibility to electronic government information.

The United Nations Depository Libraries System asn an “open community”

The United Nations Depository Libraries System asn an “open community”

News from the Field

Giant Bible of Mainz digitized by the Library of Congress Nominations sought for ACRL Board of Directors Project MUSE adds University of Toronto Press books MIT Press joins OpenAthens Federation New from ACRL—Academic Librarian Faculty Status NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy report now available Indiana State Library named 2022 Federal Depository Library of the Year

A Study of Characteristics and Future Use of the Books and Materials in the Special and Deposit Library of Co-operatives

A Study of Characteristics and Future Use of the Books and Materials in the Special and Deposit Library of Co-operatives