Dependent Personality Research Articles

Investigation of psychopathology in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria

Aims: Aim of this study is, to establish the frequency of axis I and axis II comorbidity and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and coping ability of patients who admitted to allergy policlinics of Dermatology and Respiratory Diseases departments and who were diagnosed as chronic idiopathic urticaria. Methods: Study population divided into three groups consisted of fifty patients each, chronic urticaria, contact dermatitis and control groups, respectively. All patients underwent SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders) and SCID-II (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personamy Disorders) for determining axis I and axis II diagnosis and trauma evaluation form for traumatic life events. Patients who showed high scores in this test also underwent SCID-I PTSD module. Coping scale (COPE) was applied in order to evaluate patients’ coping ability for problems which he encounters. Results: In our study, when axis I diagnosis were compared; major depression (%48) and anxiety disorder (%48) were significantly more frequent in chronic idiopathic urticaria group than other two groups. When it came to comparison of axis II diagnosis, avoidant personal disorder (%20) and dependent personality disorder (%16) were significantly more frequent in chronic idiopathic urticaria group than other two groups. Urticaria group also showed significantly higher frequency for PTSD (%42) than other two groups. Patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria used religious (%64), denial (%26), substance abuse (%40), adoption (%40), emotional social support (%32) and abstaining (%26) maladaptive coping methods which were incoherent, significantly more than other two groups. Conclusion: Probability of mental disorders is high among patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. It is important to consider existence of PTSD and coping methods for life events. Studies enrolling larger patient groups are needed for detailed investigation of cause-and-effect relationship.

Women travelling solo or with other women across Australia: A montage of narratives

Increasing but unknown numbers of women are adopting itinerant lifestyles on the road, in the pursuit of ambitions and aspirations that extend beyond the conventional role of women as they age. Using data from a study that aimed to describe women who travel without men, either alone or with other women, across Australia in self-contained accommodation, this paper illustrates the richness and diversity of these lives through the narratives of four women. The study from which these data were taken was informed by an ethnographic approach. A montage has been used to present four narratives that together illustrate dominant themes that emerged from the analysis. Initially 29 women, travelling either alone or with other women in mobile accommodation across Australia, were interviewed using audio-visual media or telephones between March 2020-March 2022. From the thematic analysis of these interviews, four participants’ narratives were chosen to represent the main themes derived from the analysis while at the same time retaining the women’s individual perspectives and voices. The four narratives included in this montage paper exemplify four key themes: the adventure of exploring Australia; experiencing the new and unknown; developing self-knowledge and self-confidence; and taking control of one’s life. The women’s stories demonstrate commonality as well as diversity, of a chosen lifestyle beyond the conventional view of women as homemakers, and redefining the conventional view of ageing as one of decline and deterioration. These narratives demonstrate older women living lives that provide new and different pathways to personal growth, independence and self-confidence.

Juozas Keliuotis in the Target of KGB in 1956–1978

The life of Juozas Keliuotis, one of the most conspicuous cultural workers of Lithuania, in Soviet times shows the specificity of the psychological pressure on intellectuals. The KGB unit in Lithuania involved many personalities in its manipulatory games. J. Keliuotis was of no exception. Persecuted and morally broken he wrote the memoirs revealing sufferings in the camp and violations of human rights. In 1962–1975, KGB spared no efforts seeking to find and obtain the memoirs of the intellectual in question. Even though the security failed to fetch the manuscripts of the intellectual, it succeeded in hindering for a long time their passing over to the West. Dealing with the independent Lithuanian authoritative persons was planned by experienced and influential KGB operational workers. In 1956–1978, J. Keliuotis was shadowed by quite a number of agents. It was people from the environment of the intellectual that were mostly hired. Most frequently he had to communicate with the agents of influence. For J. Keliuotis’ control not only agents were used, but also different ways for his efficient shadowing. KGB, with interruptions, applied various so-called operational technical measures: listened to his conversations, carried out secret searches in his apartment, made photos, and controlled J. Keliuotis’ correspondence. Due to constant and active spying by KGB, J. Keliuotis lost trust in his close people. KGB aimed at neutralizing the cultural influence of intellectuals. It was useful to discredit the authoritative persons by instigating them to be in conflict with émigré in terms of cultural relations. In 1971, J. Keliuotis spoke forcibly in the press, not only condemning the activity of emigrants, but also demonstrating economic and cultural “achievements” of Soviet Lithuania. The article of the intellectual was re-edited by operational employees in the direction useful for the Soviet system. The forced trampling on his world outlook meant the fictitious demonstration of loyalty to the Soviet regime. Moreover, such repentance in the press showed that a certain person was gripped by KGB. Public statements of intellectuals were used for Soviet propaganda, and the persons themselves who lost their authority were pushed aside. The individuality of J. Keliuotis in fighting with émigré was necessary for KGB as the tool of manipulation aimed at denying the historic truth. Nevertheless, in the eyes of the public of Soviet Lithuania J. Keliuotis remained as the enlightened person from the times of independence and the advocate of Western modern art. Keliuotis was persecuted until his death 1983 The LSSR Supreme Court rehabilitated the intellectual on December 16, 1998. Only with the change in the political situation, persecution of persons of anti-Soviet disposition and not loyal to the Soviet system was stopped.

Exploring Experiences and Perceptions of Stroke Survivors in Hospital-To-Home Transition Care: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

To integrate experiences and perceptions about stroke survivors during the transition from hospital-to-home care. Seven databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Web of Science, EBSCO and MEDLINE, were searched comprehensively from inception to March 2024, including qualitative studies published in English. A qualitative systematic review. The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items report for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA 2020). The included research quality was assessed according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Meta-aggregation was used to develop analytical themes. Confidence in the Evidence from the Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) framework was applied to the findings. Fifteen qualitative studies were included, from which 54 findings were extracted. Similar findings were summarised into eight categories, resulting in four synthesised findings: Joy and sadness intertwined, Destruction of sense of self and life, External support and internal motivation, and Emotional longings and practical needs. Stroke can lead to devastating changes in survivors' sense of self and physically. Through external support from family members and healthcare professionals, as well as internal motivation to cope positively, stroke survivors positively accept and adapt to life. Meanwhile they still have high expectations for personal independence and reintegration into society. The review findings can guide health professionals, survivors and families in optimising care during the hospital-to-home transition. PROSPERO [CRD42024522555]. ENTREQ. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Beyond health: exploring women’s socio-cultural motivations for HPV vaccination

ABSTRACT Purpose Autonomous motivation is critical to motivating individuals to adopt healthy behaviours. While many studies have explored the medical factors that influence women’s autonomous motivation to receive HPV vaccination, sociocultural factors have received less attention. Therefore, this study analyses women’s autonomous motivation for HPV vaccination from a sociocultural perspective to gain insight into the generation of women’s health decisions. Methods This study conducted in-depth interviews with 19 women at their peak age of infection who had been vaccinated against HPV to examine the socio-cultural factors that drove them to receive HPV vaccination. It used NVivo12 to analyse qualitative data obtained from interviews. Results The results showed that (1) Demonstrating Personal Independence, (2) Asserting Reproductive Autonomy, (3) Acknowledging Sexual Needs, and (4) Showcasing Health Literacy, Economic Power, and Social Connections were autonomous motivations for women to receive HPV vaccination. Conclusions Based on these motivations, future vaccine promotion programmes should demonstrate the role of the HPV vaccine for women to become autonomous individuals, as well as clear up misconceptions between the HPV vaccine and sexual shame and reduce the monetary burden of the vaccine to build a friendly and egalitarian vaccination environment.

Preliminary report: Reduced hand sensory and motor function in persons living with heart failure.

Despite the growing evidence highlighting reduced functional independence in persons living with heart failure (PwHF), the underlying mechanisms that lead to reduced functional independence in this patient population are unknown. Given the association between functional independence and fine motor skills, which are functionally related to hand sensory and motor functions, we hypothesized that PwHF exhibit reduced sensory and motor function of hands compared to healthy individuals. We recruited a total of 10 PwHF (age: 57.6 ± 12.5 years old, four females) and a total of age- & sex-matched healthy control individuals (age: 58.2 ± 12.2 years old, four females). Participants performed a wide range of tests assessing the level of independence, fitness, cognitive function, and hand sensorimotor function. While the level of independence was comparable between two groups, PwHF exhibited reduced sensory and motor function. Compared to healthy participants, the ability to identify an object via tactile and proprioceptive inputs was reduced in PwHF, though the tactile mechanoreceptor function showed normal integrity. Similarly, PwHF exhibited a decline in manipulating small objects and steady grip force production. Heart failure seems to have repercussions that extend to the sensorimotor control of hand actions in advance to a decline in functional independence. These results underscore the need of further investigation as to the underlying mechanisms of reduced sensorimotor function, potential intervention targets, and determine whether assessments of hand sensorimotor function can serve as a vehicle to quantify restoration of self-care functionality.

Risk Taking in Adolescents and Relevant Factors

Adolescence is a second sensitive period and an important stage for a person to become independent from the family and form self-awareness. Adolescents at this stage of development tend to explore different areas when establishing independence and autonomy. Due to hormonal changes, adolescents may increase the number of risky behaviors, which may have positive or negative effects. This article will examine the key factors that influence adolescent risk-taking behaviors from three distinct perspectives. Firstly, the article will examine the influence of the adolescent's surrounding environment on their risk-taking behavior. It will delve into how the environment shapes the adolescent's personality and if blind obedience leads to risk-taking behavior. Secondly, it will delve into the impact of whether parents encourage their children to develop independent personalities and their role in resolving parent-child conflicts. Lastly, it will delve into how the adolescent's internal patterns shape his or her risk-taking behavior. For example, teens who have a great sense of self-worth are less prone to be swayed by and mindlessly follow their classmates. Low personal self-control is associated with the engagement in risky behavior of adolescents. Future research on adolescent risk-taking behavior should be longitudinal, with more factors integrated and studied at the same time. Moreover, future research should include adolescents growing up in different cultural environments, rather than studying one of them alone.

Employment in low-skilled jobs as trigger and consequence of poor health-a longitudinal perspective from Germany.

Despite evidence of correlations between low-skilled jobs and poor health, the longitudinal perspective on this research topic has been neglected in Germany for decades. Therefore, we investigate (i) the causal relationship between accumulated employment in low- or medium-skilled jobs on self-rated health and (ii) the selective association of self-rated health on transitions from medium- to low-skilled jobs. About 26313 dependent employees and persons aged 25-50 from 2010 to 2020 in the German Socio-Economic Panel were included. Linear fixed-effects models were used to analyse the impact of accumulated employment in low- or medium-skilled jobs on self-rated health. Linear probability models with fixed effects were calculated to identify the effect of self-rated health on transitions between low- and medium-skilled jobs. Accumulated employment in low-skilled jobs impacts self-rated health significantly. There is no confirmation for accumulated employment in medium-skilled jobs concerning health. Poor self-rated health increases the probability of transitioning from medium- to low-skilled jobs but does not impact the reverse transition. Poor self-rated health can push employees into low-skilled jobs. Against the background of extended working lives and preserving the labour force potential, there is a need for action and research concerning employees in low-skilled jobs.

Hubungan Antara Kepribadian Ekstraversi dengan Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) pada Mahasiswa

The study aimed to determine the effect of extraversion personality on the fear of missing out (fomo) in college students. the hypothesis proposed in this study was personality extraversion and fear of missing out (fomo) has an influenced on college students. Research method used in this study is a quantitative method with the proposed variables were fear of missing out (fomo) students as the dependent variable and personality extraversion as the independent variable. subject of this research were college student in Bandar Lampung City. totalling 285 respondents and the method of sampling is using accidental sampling technique. the data of the study were taken Using the fear of missing out (fomo) scale and the extraversion personalities scale, the data collected was analyzed using a simple regression technique the result of the analysis showed that the extraverted personality with fear of missing out (fomo) obtained a correlation coeficient value of 0.782 with the significance value of 0,000 p <0,05 and fear of missing out (Fomo) has an effect of 6 1,2% on extraversion personality p<0,05

Features of developing toilet skills in young children: Information for clinicians and parents. A review

The upbringing and teaching of toilet skills to young children is an important stage in the physiological development of the child. Control over urination and defecation in infants develops gradually, starting with a completely reflexive process and moving on to conscious control. This process is of great importance in the formation of a healthy and independent personality, preparing the child for the next stages of growing up and acquiring new skills. The article presents historical aspects of the formation of toilet skills among different peoples and at different stages of society development. Interesting facts about potty training in different countries of the world, anatomical features of urination and defecation, signs of readiness for potty training and toilet training, the age recommended for potty training, and what a potty should be like are shown. Approaches to teaching this level of independence are important not only for the child’s physical health, but also for understanding his psychological readiness, social development, and adaptation in children’s groups.

Building Independent Culture and Financial Resilience In Islamic Education

Self-reliant culture refers to attitudes, values, and practices that encourage individuals or groups to become more economically, socially, and emotionally independent. Building an independent culture in Islamic education is a process that involves formal and informal education, as well as daily practices in individual and community life. The aim is to create individuals who are spiritually, intellectually, and economically strong, able to make positive contributions to themselves, society, and the Islamic ummah as a whole. And financial resilience is the ability of a person or household to manage their finances well and survive in the face of unexpected financial challenges or changes in the economic situation. Financial resilience in Islamic education is a concept that emphasizes the importance of individual and community economic stability in living life, including in the context of education. This research is included in qualitative research based on literature study. The data sources in this research analyze works, books and journals related to independent culture and financial resilience in Islamic education. The results of this research are that there are five concepts involved in building a culture of independence in Islamic education, namely Spiritual Independence, Educational Independence, Economic Independence, Social Independence and Personal Independence and also important aspects in financial resilience, namely the Principles of Balance and Moderation (Wasatiyyah), Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah, The Importance of Knowledge, Work Ethics and Professionalism, Financial Planning and Management, Avoiding Usury.

The Predictive Role of Personality Disorders and Personality Traits in Death Anxiety.

The current study investigates the interplay between personality traits, personality disorders, and death anxiety in a sample of 2331 participants (49% males; 51% females) across two phases. The Death Anxiety Scale, the Psychosocial Personality Inventory, and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire were utilized. The findings revealed significant predictive relationships between personality disorders and death anxiety. Positive correlations were observed between death anxiety and nine personality disorders, including avoidant (r = .227), borderline (r = .123), dependent (r = .157), depressive (r = .098), histrionic (r = .074), narcissistic (r = .111), negativistic (r = .103), obsessive-compulsive (r = .126), and schizotypal (r = .078) personality disorders (p < .001). Death anxiety had significant inverse correlations with leadership (r = -.101) and spirituality (r = -.099) traits (p < .005). Avoidant personality disorder projected the highest prediction for death anxiety (β = .227; p = .000). Leadership as a personality trait demonstrated an outstanding ability to prevent death anxiety (β = -.101; p = .013). These findings make a unique contribution to the literature of death anxiety, personality disorders, and personality traits.

Evaluation of the Implementation of the Elderly Posyandu in the Petumbukan Health Center Work Area Deli Serdang District in 2024

Posyandu was formed to facilitate the elderly in obtaining health services, coaching and developing potential abilities in order to realize an independent person. Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of Posyandu Petumbukan is important to do by providing education and socialization of the interests of the elderly, facilitating transportation of Posyandu for the elderly that are difficult to reach, taking a personal and empathetic approach by inviting participation, including home visits, providing additional services such as specialist health checks, social activities, and welfare programs. This qualitative study aims to evaluate the implementation of Posyandu in the Petumbukan Health Center Work Area. The informants were 15 people by conducting in-depth interviews equipped with a voice recorder. The research variables were communication, human resources, attitudes, and SOPs. The results of the study were that there was a need for communication training for cadres and health workers to improve the delivery of clearer and more detailed health information, cadres and health workers need to manage queues well, a friendly attitude needs to be maintained and improved with better training, increasing the number of cadres and health workers with special training for elderly health, the health center also needs to ensure the availability of drug and vitamin stocks periodically through better inventory management,

Комментарий очерка Сергея Слонимского «Скандалист поневоле: хроника хронического стресса – 1972-1991» из книги «Заметки на полях нотной тетради»

The article continues the publication and commentary of S. M. Slonimsky’s 2002 essay “An Unwilling Scandalmonger: A Chronicle of Chronic Stress – 1972-1991” from the book “Notes in the Margin of a Music Score”. Due to space limitations, the entire material of the essay is divided into three parts: the first article is dedicated to the post-war period of the author’s life until the beginning of the 1970s. The second (this) article explores events from the composer’s life and work in 1972-1991. The following, third article will cover the last decade of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, 1992-2002. The focal points of the author’s reflections in the second essay of the “chronicle of chronic stress – 1972-1991” are also themes of moral and ethical issues within the composer’s society. These themes are explored in a different light – in direct connection with S. M. Slonimsky’s life in chronological order. The essay covers the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The writing of this commentary is driven by the intensifying crisis of moral values in contemporary society. The author concludes: one should “focus on only one painful moment, quite typical of my creative and life path. Perhaps scandalous storms are my cross, the fateful predetermination of my destiny. Perhaps it is a fatal necessity for an independent person walking their own path, not wanting to prudently submit to those in power, to what promises peace, recognition, success, prosperity, and happy success. That is how I am, and that is how I will remain until the end &lt;…&gt; In my work, my philosophical worldview, personal traits of my emotional temperament, and my attitude towards many people inhabiting Russia, Europe, Asia, our entire earth are absolutely obvious.” As a result of the study, Slonimsky’s unwavering commitment to the established moral and ethical order and his uncompromising stance against manifestations of evil, envy, and betrayal in the composers’ milieu and music teaching have been identified and confirmed.

Perceived Health Status Predicts Resilience after Hip Fracture in Older People.

Background and Objectives: Perceived health status (PHS) is associated with various health outcomes in older adults, but its relationship with resilience in the context of events with a major impact on functional status (FS), such as hip fracture, has not been explored. Our objective was to evaluate whether older adults who report good PHS before a hip fracture have a higher probability of returning to their baseline physical performance (PP) and personal independence. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from waves 1 and 2 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) study, enrolling patients ≥ 65 years who experienced a hip fracture between these two waves. As study outcomes, we analyzed changes in PP and functional abilities (FAs). Results: We included 149 participants with a mean age of 75.7 years (SD: 6.5); women comprised 66%. The incidence of loss of PP was 51.7% among participants with good PHS and 59.6% among those with poor PHS. FA worsened in 40% of participants with good PHS and 58.4% in those with poor PHS. Relative risk (RR) for loss of FA in people with good PHS was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.48-0.98), which did not change after an adjustment for age, gender, baseline FA, depression, number of comorbidities, education, income, and social support, despite it not reaching statistical significance. After adjustment, the risk of worsening PP in participants with good PHS was reduced by 34% (95% CI: 0.41-1.06). Conclusions: A simple question on PHS may predict the resilience of older adults after an acute stressor. A systematic evaluation of PHS can help identify patients with a higher probability of regaining function after a hip fracture and thus provide useful information for resource allocation.

Back to Kahneman

Abstract This paper examines Daniel Kahneman's concept of experienced utility and its roots in Bentham's hedonic utilitarianism. It focuses on Kahneman's call for a ‘separate value judgement’ to determine when experienced utility can be used to evaluate temporally extended outcomes (TEOs). Two potential judgements are proposed: comprehensiveness and personal independence. Comprehensiveness means that the measurement of utility captures all relevant aspects of instant utility. Personal independence means that the TEO is fully independent of other TEOs with which it might be combined (or ‘concatenated’). I argue that identifying TEOs meeting these criteria may be challenging, possibly restricting the applicability of experienced utility. I conclude by considering the implications for behavioural science's quest for an unambiguous, measurable operationalisation of utility.

Rate of Personality Disorders in a Sample of Egyptian Students from Ain Shams University

Abstract Background An individual is considered to have a personality disorder (PD) when his or her thoughts, emotional manifestations, impulsiveness, and interpersonal behaviour deviate markedly from the expectations of that individual’s culture. Between 6 % and 10 % of the global population is estimated to suffer from a PD. Aim of the Work Estimation rate of personality disorders among students of Ain Shams University, compare between rate of personality disorders among medical, literary students. Patients and Methods This study is a comparative, cross sectional study, the sample was selected from students of Ain Shams University. This study was started after approval of the protocol by the department of Neuropsychiatry as well as Ethics Committee till accomplishment of the number of the subjects. Results There was significant difference between medical group and literature group according to socioeconomic level and academic “years”. This could be explained due to cultural preferences as higher socioeconomic level families are more able to withstand the cost of education in medical colleges. Regarding significance in academic years this could be simply due to longer faculty years in medical colleges (5 and 6 years) compared to literature colleges (only 4 years). Among the two groups, the rate of personality disorder was 26 students (10.4%). The most common personality disorder was obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (7 students) followed by depressive personality disorder (6 students) then dependent and narcissistic personality disorders (3 students each). There was no significant difference between medical group and literature group regarding personality disorders. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were evident in 26 students (10.4%). Of these students, dysthymic disorder was the most common (6 students, 23.1%) followed by depression and GAD (3 students each, 11.5%). There was no statistically significant difference between medical group and literature group according to comorbid psychiatric disorder. Conclusion This study was conducted to assess rate of PDs among Egyptian university students. The rate of PD was 10.4%, as the most common PD was obsessive-compulsive PD followed by depressive PD. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were evident in 10.4% of students. Of these students, dysthymic disorder was the most common (23.1%) followed by depression and GAD (11.5%). Moreover, there was significant association between presence of PDs and troubles in school and the most significant predictors of PD were comorbid psychiatric disorder.

SURVEYING METHODOLOGICAL COMPETENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH

In the contemporary landscape, characterized by widespread informatization, including in education, there is a growing need for both fundamental and applied training in leveraging information and communication technologies (ICT). This article explores how enhancing the methodological competence of computer science educators impacts the development of students' key competencies. Given the high societal demand for well-educated professionals, educational quality is crucial, necessitating rigorous standards. The article critically analyzes the concepts of "competence" and "competency" from various scholarly perspectives, highlighting the significant role of a teacher's competence in the professional growth of future educators. Practical research focused on developing methodological competence helps students deepen their theoretical understanding, enhance pedagogical skills, and cultivate professional and personal qualities, fostering creativity and independence. It also identifies trends in teacher education within higher education, considering the effects of a two-tier system and professional teaching standards. The article defines "methodological competence" and "professional competence," noting that despite varying scholarly views, it generally includes theoretical knowledge and practical skills. These competencies enable educators to innovate and apply diverse pedagogical methods, thereby fostering student competencies.

Sex differences in insomnia and hypersomnia complaints during major depressive episode: Results from a national sample

BackgroundSex differences in sleep disturbances during major depressive episodes (MDE) have been suggested. This study compares the prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, and psychiatric comorbidity associated with sleep complaints specific to each sex among adults with MDE. These findings are crucial for precise diagnosis, personalized treatment, and improved clinical outcomes. MethodsIn a large nationally representative prospective survey, we used multi-adjusted logistic regression models including sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity, and depression severity to examine whether associations differ between men and women. ResultsAmong women, 93.3 % reported at least one type of sleep complaints (i.e., trouble falling asleep, early morning awakening or hypersomnia) while 91.0 % of men did, with respectively 78.3 % and 77.2 % of insomnia complaints, and 46.2 % and 41.3 % of hypersomnia complaints. Women with sleep complaints were more likely to be black, with lower individual incomes, have histrionic personality disorder or a specific phobia. Conversely, men with sleep complaints were more likely to have a lifetime diagnosis of mania spectrum disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, drug use disorder, as well as dependent and schizotypal personality disorders. Surprisingly, being “never married” has emerged as a protective factor against sleep complaints in women, while posing as a risk factor in men compared to other marital statuses. Differences and specificities were also noted concerning subtypes of insomnia and hypersomnia complaints. LimitationsThe cross-sectional design means the associations found do not imply causality. ConclusionsThese findings provide insights into the complex relationship between sleep and depression in men and women, highlighting the need for personalized interventions.

Psychodynamic Features of Depressed Patients with Dependent Personality Disorder and Hypokalemia: a Case Report

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in society. Depression is influenced by several factors, including the personality of the sufferer and the existence of a comorbid disease that aggravates the symptoms. Several previous studies have not clearly reported on the psychodynamic picture of depressed patients with dependent personality disorder accompanied by hypokalemia. The study aims to provide a psychodynamic picture of depressed patients with dependent personality disorder accompanied by hypokalemia. A man, 26 years old, an Indonesian citizen, came with the main complaint of feeling helpless to do anything that has been burdensome for the last 2 months. The complaint was felt to be aggravating after he started working as a private employee. The patient feels insecure in his ability to complete the work assigned to him and feels that he is looked down upon by his peers and superiors. Patients often miss the figure of their deceased father. In addition, the patient has suffered from hypokalemia since he was in high school and has taken potassium supplements until now. The symptoms of depression experienced by patients are aggravated by the presence of dependent personality disorders and hypokalemia suffered by patients. Dependent personality disorder lowers the patient's confidence, and hypokalemia aggravates the vegetative symptoms he experiences, such as body weakness, decreased appetite, and palpitations. Dependent personality disorder and hypokalemia are very influential in aggravating the clinical symptoms experienced by depressed patients