Risk Management Department Research Articles

Post-disaster damage and loss assessment in the Iranian healthcare sector: a qualitative interview study

BackgroundAccurate post-disaster damage and loss assessment is critical for the success of subsequent recovery programs. A comprehensive and systematic damage and loss assessment process involves evaluating the physical damage and financial impact of an event on individuals, communities, and assets. To ensure effective recovery, the various components and entities included in the program must be developed appropriately and efficiently. This study aimed to identify the components and entities of the Iranian healthcare sector’s post-disaster damage and loss assessment program.MethodsA qualitative study employing purposive sampling and semi-structured individual interviews was conducted with 18 participants between October 2022 and July 2023, with continuing until data saturation was achieved. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and observational notes with experts, including representatives from the National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO), the Iranian Red Crescent Society, and the Disaster Risk Management Department of the Ministry of Health and Medical Sciences Universities. The interviews were conducted in the workplace of the participants. Thematic analysis, a conventional qualitative method, was employed for the analysis of the data. Following the transcription of the recorded interviews, the initial codes were extracted, reviewed for accuracy, and classified.ResultsThe results of this study are based on the insights and experiences of a diverse group of qualified experts in their respective fields. The findings were analysed and classification into ten main themes, 29 sub-themes, and 1,058 codes. The main themes were key concepts and principles of assessment; assessment stages; health system measures in assessment; roles and responsibilities; team composition; information and communication; coordination and collaboration; data collection and analysis; assessment tools and methods; and reporting, documentation, and recommendations.ConclusionAn understanding of key concepts and principles enables stakeholders to respond effectively to disasters, make informed decisions, and facilitate recovery and reconstruction efforts.

Patients as an additional safety barrier when administering chemotherapeutic agents

Chemotherapeutic agents are high-risk drugs with a high potential for error and serious harm. International studies show that 5-15% of all chemotherapy patients are affected by medication errors. 60% of these errors had the potential to cause harm to patients, 13% resulted in harm and 1% of patients were seriously harmed1. The most common medication errors in the administration of chemotherapy drugs are administration errors and can therefore be observed by the patients themselves. Chemotherapy patients in particular, who often experience the same treatment steps due to their longer treatment duration, often recognise deviations from the usual routine and notice when something is different than usual. They have time to look at the identifying features of chemotherapy and recognise mistakes. In the best case scenario, they communicate these observations, changes or uncertainties to the healthcare professional in charge. In this way, the active involvement of patients provides an additional safety barrier that can be used to support the medical staff. With this in mind, the Quality Management and Clinical Risk Management department has initiated a project together with the Department of Internal Medicine (tumour research), the oncological care experts at Essen University Hospital, the patient networking and self-help officer and other important interfaces such as the LVR Clinic to make the administration of chemotherapeutic agents even safer and to actively involve patients in their treatment.

Does the ESC chronic coronary syndrome pre-test probability score assist coronary artery disease diagnosis in an advanced nurse practitioner led integrated community chest pain clinic?

Abstract Background The Advanced Nurse Practitioner (ANP) led integrated community chest pain clinic provides an alternative avenue to which GPs can refer patients with non-acute chest pain providing emergency dept. avoidance. The role of the ANP is to differentiate between a non-anginal versus anginal cause. In addition to taking a clinical history, physical assessment and ECG the ANP utilises the 2019 ESC guidelines for chronic coronary syndromes pre-test-probability (PTP) score, to judge if invasive investigation is required. Purpose ANP assessment of chest pain in a community clinic is unique in the Irish healthcare setting. The aim was to assess if angina characteristics & allocated ESC PTP were predictive of coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis in a community chest pain cohort. Method A retrospective audit of 144 patients assessed by the ANP in the ICCPC and subsequently referred for coronary angiography was performed. Final diagnosis of was analysed by i. anginal characteristic, ii. ESC PTP, iii. age and sex. Approval was given by the department of quality, safety and risk management. Results The average combined age was 61 years in n=92 Male, and n=51 Female patients. Coronary Artery Disease was diagnosed in 92% (n= 132) of those referred for angiography; obstructive CAD in 38% (n=55) and non-obstructive CAD (NOCAD) in 54% (n=77). The ANP allocated the angina characteristic ‘typical’ in 31% (n=45) cases and 58% (n=26) were diagnosed with obstructive CAD, average PTP of 20%, and 38% (n=17) were diagnoses with NOCAD. In those with ‘typical’ symptoms only two cases resulted in normal coronary arteries. Conversely 34% (n=49) were allocated ‘non-anginal’ symptoms, in whom 28% (n=14) obstructive CAD was detected; 12 cases had an intermediate to high PTP due to age and clinical likelihood. The majority of referrals (57%) were ‘high’ PTP of CAD (≤16%-52%), average 22%. The average PTP was 27% (High) in those diagnosed with CAD versus a PTP of 11% (Intermediate) in those with normal coronaries (n=12). The new category of ‘dyspnoea’ was allocated to 14% (n=20) and resulted in diagnosis of NOCAD (n=12) and (n=5) CAD. Those with dyspnoea as a presenting symptom of CAD were all male with high PTP. Conclusion Pre-test-probability and age are highly correlated, rising with age and defined by sex. The main variable is the ‘angina’ characteristic allocated by the ANP. In this community-based cohort, ‘typical’ symptom allocation by the ANP resulted in a higher PTP and subsequent CAD diagnosis. Clinical suspicion in the ‘low-intermediate risk’ can be further adjusted using the clinical likelihood ratio. The value of the PTP score in predicting CAD is as useful as the ‘angina’ characteristic and clinical likelihood allocated, requiring expert health history taking. This retrospective analysis of coronary angiogram results in this community cohort evidences that the ANP is skilled in utilising the ESC PTP score to assist in the diagnosis of CAD.

(126) Medicolegal Considerations for Patients Undergoing Urologic Surgical Interventions and the Development of an Audio-Recording Application for use During Genital Gender-Affirming Surgical Consultation

Abstract Introduction Patient recollection of details discussed during medical consultation is often limited (Figure 1a). For genital gender-affirming surgery (gGAS) consultations, lengthy discussions and deep contemplation surrounding surgical options are critical. Inadequate communication can result in patient complaints and medico-legal action, whereupon issues such as a lack of discussion or poor documentation can lead to medico-legal liability against the care provider and hospital system. As a result, strategies must be developed to ensure that information discussed during complex medical consultations are made available so patients can properly weigh out the care options presented. Objective 1) Assess medico-legal incidents in Urologic and surgical specialties in the UK, US, and a Californian quaternary care center, 2) evaluate the advantages and feasibility of offering audio-recordings of patient consultations, and 3) create a user-friendly smartphone app for recording healthcare consultations. Methods A literature review evaluated current evidence on medical liability claims in the UK and US was conducted. Additionally, our center's Department of Risk Management provided information pertaining to medico-legal cases against our institution. Separately, gGAS patients consented to audio-record their consultation. Copies were provided to patients and kept in their medical records. A follow-up survey assessed its usefulness, and based upon patient feedback, a smartphone application was developed. Results A PubMed search yielded 921 results on "medical malpractice claims" from 2013–2023. In Urologic Surgery, 32 papers addressed medical malpractice, with 2 providing data over the last 15 years. In the UK, 660 claims were made from 2010–2020, of which 8.2% were due to poor communication (37 = informed consent; 17 = lack of follow-up). In the US, from 2020–2022, 38.3% of Urologists faced at least one legal proceeding in their career, and 5.3% were sued within 1 year for any reason. Our institution's Department of Risk Management reported 32% of lawsuits were related to surgical care. Informed consent involved 8% of cases and had a component in 32%. The average financial settlement for medical malpractice was $125,000.00 USD, and trial costs averaged $75,000.00 USD. 50/71 patients completed an anonymized, online survey post-audio recording. Positive results were noted regarding recording quality, comfort whilst being recorded, and wishes for future consultation recordings (Figure 1b). In addition, most patients felt less anxiety, and had greater confidence in their treatment choice (Figure 1c) Based upon patient responses, we developed a smartphone App which records 90 minutes of audio, allows for file and hyperlink attachments to be sent to patients before immediately deleting all information (Figure 1d). Routine use of audio-recordings led to a reduction in patient queries to our office. Conclusions Routine audio recording of patient consultations provides significant benefits with minimal cost to providers. As per our institution's Office of Risk Management, it offers protection against medico-legal risks. Adequate discussion, good documentation and providing adjuncts for patients can help prevent a large proportion of medicolegal complaints in addition to optimizing patient care. Considering that patients face similar challenges across different disciplines and regions, a larger study (multi-center, international, multi-language) is warranted. Disclosure No.

(037) Medicolegal Considerations for Patients Undergoing Urologic Surgical Interventions and the Development of an Audio-Recording Application for Use During Genital Gender-affirming Surgical Consultation

Abstract Introduction Patient recollection of details discussed during medical consultation is often limited (Figure 1a). For genital gender-affirming surgery (gGAS) consultations, lengthy discussions and deep contemplation surrounding surgical options are critical. Inadequate communication can result in patient complaints and medico-legal action, whereupon issues such as a lack of discussion or poor documentation can lead to medico-legal liability against the care provider and hospital system. As a result, strategies must be developed to ensure that information discussed during complex medical consultations are made available so patients can properly weigh out the care options presented. Objective 1) Assess medico-legal incidents in Urologic and surgical specialties in the UK, US, and a Californian quaternary care center, 2) evaluate the advantages and feasibility of offering audio-recordings of patient consultations, and 3) create a user-friendly smartphone app for recording healthcare consultations. Methods A literature review evaluated current evidence on medical liability claims in the UK and US was conducted. Additionally, our center's Department of Risk Management provided information pertaining to medico-legal cases against our institution. Separately, gGAS patients consented to audio-record their consultation. Copies were provided to patients and kept in their medical records. A follow-up survey assessed its usefulness, and based upon patient feedback, a smartphone application was developed. Results A PubMed search yielded 921 results on "medical malpractice claims" from 2013-2023. In Urologic Surgery, 32 papers addressed medical malpractice, with 2 providing data over the last 15 years. In the UK, 660 claims were made from 2010-2020, of which 8.2% were due to poor communication (37 = informed consent; 17 = lack of follow-up). In the US, from 2020-2022, 38.3% of Urologists faced at least one legal proceeding in their career, and 5.3% were sued within 1 year for any reason. Our institution's Department of Risk Management reported 32% of lawsuits were related to surgical care. Informed consent involved 8% of cases and had a component in 32%. The average financial settlement for medical malpractice was $125,000.00 USD, and trial costs averaged $75,000.00 USD. 50/71 patients completed an anonymized, online survey post-audio recording. Positive results were noted regarding recording quality, comfort whilst being recorded, and wishes for future consultation recordings (Figure 1b). In addition, most patients felt less anxiety, and had greater confidence in their treatment choice (Figure 1c) Based upon patient responses, we developed a smartphone App which records 90 minutes of audio, allows for file and hyperlink attachments to be sent to patients before immediately deleting all information (Figure 1d). Routine use of audio-recordings led to a reduction in patient queries to our office. Conclusions Routine audio recording of patient consultations provides significant benefits with minimal cost to providers. As per our institution's Office of Risk Management, it offers protection against medico-legal risks. Adequate discussion, good documentation and providing adjuncts for patients can help prevent a large proportion of medicolegal complaints in addition to optimizing patient care. Considering that patients face similar challenges across different disciplines and regions, a larger study (multi-center, international, multi-language) is warranted. Disclosure No.

Mekanisme Penilaian Pemberian Kredit Dalam Meminimalisir Risiko Kredit Pada Bank BJB KCP Mojokerto

Bank BJB KCP Mojokerto which is located on Jl Majapahit No. 333C-333D, Kranggan, Mojokerto City is one of the banks that provides credit facilities for the public. This research aims to determine the credit assessment mechanism of Bank BJB KCP Mojokerto in minimizing credit risk. This research uses qualitative methods with observation, interview and documentation techniques. The research results show that bank BJB KCP Mojokerto has implemented good credit assessment using the 5C principles with character and capacity as the bank's main assessment in minimizing credit risk. This research suggests banks improve the risk analysis system, strengthen risk management, strengthen collaboration between the credit assessment department and the risk management department, and provide education to creditors regarding the systematics of credit applications.

THE ROLE OF RISK MANAGER IN CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONS: TOOLS AND METHODS FOR EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF RISK ACCOUNTING

This study explores how various tools and methods are used for effective risk management in construction organizations, discussing the need for creating a risk management department and the potential risks associated with ignoring risk accounting.

Research on the Development Path of International Economy and Trade Driven by "The Belt and Road Initiative"

In recent years, great changes have taken place in the domestic and international environment facing China's opening up to the outside world, making China face new pressures and tests in the future to promote opening up. The development environment faced by China in implementing the "the belt and road initiative" initiative is extremely complicated, and optimizing its development environment is definitely beyond the ability of enterprises and individuals. In the development initiative of "the belt and road initiative", China will establish long-term friendly relations with its neighbors along the Maritime Silk Road and the Land Silk Road, which can promote the stable development of trade in the long run. Rationalize the process of transnational commodity trade and capital flow, and coordinate and analyze possible special negative situations. When implementing investment plans, enterprises should always bear in mind their social responsibilities, pay attention to adapting to local laws, regulations, and customs, and strengthen communication with the local people. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the investment risk awareness of enterprises, guide the establishment of risk monitoring and management departments for enterprises engaged in foreign direct investment, and require industry associations to play their due role in risk control, and ensure information exchange and sharing among enterprises. The new trends in the development of the international economy and trade industry can keep the strategic planning at the national level forward-looking, promote international multilateral cooperation, break the barriers of trade barriers, and promote trade cooperation between friendly countries and international economic development.

Risk Management and Major Reserve at Vietnamese Insurance Companies

Through methodology and meta-analysis, the research team presented the content of risk, risk management in insurance enterprises and regulations, methods, and bases for setting up professional provisions. The article also identifies some limitations in regulations on setting up professional reserves at insurance enterprises. There are many methods but there are no specific instructions in the regulations, causing difficulties and a lack of legitimacy for the risk management department to evaluate the provision at the enterprise. Using the basis of deduction such as the 1980 CSO mortality table is no longer suitable for the human body in Vietnam and the current situation. Law there is no provision on provision for compensation for applications that have refused to pay within 3 years from the date of refusal. Finally, the research team believes that, in order to improve the effectiveness of risk management, the setting up of professional provisions should have some changes in regulations such as specifying the methods of provisioning, building a Mortality rate suitable to the human body in Vietnam and put into practice as a basis for making professional provision is very necessary or supplementing the requirement that insurers must make a claim reserve within a short period of time 3 years from the year the insurance enterprise refuses the application for insurance payment.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF FUNCTIONING OF THE BANKING SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The banking system has always been essential to the country’s economy. Moreover, it is essential in the current economic conditions because to stabilize the financial and economic situation in Ukraine, a reliable, working and developed banking system is necessary. To ensure it, it is necessary to study the efficiency of the banking sector of Ukraine and identify the factors that affect it. This determines the relevance of measures to reform the banking system, considering the current situation. The article summarizes the concept of “efficiency of banking activity,” identifies the factors that affect the level of efficiency and considers the criteria for assessing the efficiency of banks depending on the subjects of banking activity. The dynamics of the number of existing banks during 2015-2022 are analyzed, and the leading indicators of banking activity and the results of banks’ activity are considered. The directions of improving the efficiency of banks, in particular, the growth of income, reduction of costs, and reduction of risks associated with the performance of banks’ duties are proposed. To increase the profitability of the bank, the following measures can be proposed: 1) to increase the bank’s funds, which will contribute to the growth of the bank’s resource base and, accordingly, their investment potential; will be one of the prerequisites for attracting foreign investment; will stimulate integration processes; will ensure the bank’s independence and create conditions for the survival of banks in a period of increased competition in the market; 2) the bank’s funds should be rationally and efficiently placed to ensure its financial stability. Fulfilling this condition will eliminate contradictions between liquidity, reliability, and profitability; 3) financial planning. Banks incur many costs as a result of uncoordinated actions of different departments among themselves. The financial plan allows for the forecasting of the bank’s income, expenses, and profit for the year. Moreover, although in the current conditions in our country, due to instability, and inflation, accurate data may differ significantly from the plan, the proportions remain virtually unchanged. The banking institution should see the prospects of its development and goals for the current year; 4) form sufficient insurance reserves and reserve funds. Since the main reason for bank failures is the non-repayment of previously issued loans, the formation of these funds will strengthen the bank’s reliability and stability, and hence the banking system of Ukraine, and reduce possible financial risks in lending activities. The creation of these reserves will guarantee the coverage of accounts in the bank’s activities and help maintain its liquidity at the required level; 5) to apply such instruments in banking activities that allow both planning and obtaining additional profit. We are talking about futures, options, forward currency transactions, and other forms of activity that meet the conditions of market relations; 6) systematically and comprehensively study credit risks and take measures to reduce them. To this end, it is necessary to organize credit risk management departments; 7) improve professionalism. Thus, due to the war and unstable economic situation in Ukraine, the efficiency of the banking sector has significantly decreased. The efficiency of the banking system is influenced by the following factors: ownership structure in the banking sector; changes in operating activities; share in the deposit market; capitalization of banks, etc. Banks’ profits decreased by 72.44%, while expenses increased by 62.86%. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective mechanism to increase revenues, reduce costs and use the profits. It is also necessary to identify ways to increase profitability, which will reduce risks and increase the banking system’s profitability.

The Role of Credit Risk Management in Performance of Commercial Banks: Analysis of Commercial banks’ Performance in Erbil

The current study aims to analyze the role of credit risk management in performance of commercial banks in Erbil. There is a high danger of insolvency and financial troubles for banks because of this method of loan origination. As shown by high levels of nonperforming loans, the KRG banking system's Commercial Bank Supervision Report found that most banks failed due to poor credit risk management. Due to the high level of non-performing loans, the profitability of the bank was damaged. The study developed five research hypotheses to measure the role of credit risk management in performance of commercial banks in Erbil. It was decided to use a quantitative approach to investigate the effect credit risk management has on the financial performance of commercial banks. 88 people from the Credit Risk Management departments of several commercial banks around the nation were selected as a convenience sample. These respondents included senior, intermediate, and practical level personnel. The study found that commercial banks with lower levels of nonperforming loans and capital adequacy ratios had higher returns on assets, indicating more effective methods of credit risk management. Total loans divided by the loan loss reserve ratio is the amount set aside for losses. The quality of a loan portfolio degrades as the ratio rises. The study recommended to improve credit risk identification, measurement, monitoring and controlling at selected commercial banks in Erbil.

Organizational risk culture: A literature review on dimensions, assessment, value relevance, and improvement levers

The topic of organizational risk culture has gained increased attention after the financial crisis from 2007 to 2009, emphasizing the need to establish risk awareness beyond the boundaries of a dedicated risk management department. Despite its importance, the concept of organizational risk culture is not uniquely defined to date. In this paper, we conduct a structured literature review that includes 83 peer-reviewed academic articles, based on which we derive a comprehensive presentation of the concept of organizational risk culture for four major aspects: (i) dimensions of risk culture, (ii) instruments to assess and diagnose risk culture, (iii) insight on the value effect of risk culture (dimensions) on firm performance and applied methodologies, and (iv) improvement levers along the identified dimensions with further influencing factors. We conclude with a discussion of avenues of future research. Our analysis emphasizes the considerable value of a strong organizational risk culture, which should be regularly assessed in firms and improved along the dimensions identified in the paper.

Determinants of Credit Risk and Operational Risk in Banking Sector Evidence from Pakistani Banking Sector

Risk management is what kind of strategies should be adopted to reduce all kinds of risk. Risk the difference between the actual return and the expected return. And credit risks the potential that borrower will fail to meet the obligation. The banking industry of Pakistan is faced with several challenges among them are determinants of credit risk and operational risk. Determinants of credit risk are defined as the factors that may affect the credit risk and determinants of operational risk are defined as the factors that affect the operation of business. Many banks in Pakistan have created credit risk management departments that are responsible for managing the credit risk associated with banking operation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the determinants of credit risk in Pakistani banking sector. The collected data consists of secondary data. Financial data was collected from three banks of Pakistan listed at Karachi stock exchange (KSE) over the period of 17 years from 2000 to 2016. Panel Regression Model was applied to find the cause and effect relationship for the under-consideration issue. The result has shown that credit risk and operational risk have a significant and positive relationship with NPLs, Gearing Ratio, and Operating Efficiency. And Credit Risk and operational risk have positive but insignificant relationship with Liquid Assets (LA). The recommendation of this study is if we pursue proper bank regulations, then the regulation should be backed up by sound credit analysis, and provision for suitable situation of credit loans.

THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE TOURISM TRAVEL AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN THAILAND

The study aims to measure the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism travel and risk management in Thailand. This review utilised journals, historical records, newspaper articles, World Health Organization statistics, governmental data, and website materials on COVID-19 incidences in tourism and developed a new risk management method to deal with the crisis and post-crisis recovery. The objectives were to: 1) understand how tourism travel regain after the Covid crisis, 2) find out the opinions of tourism travel about the tourism opportunities after the COVID-19 crisis.; 3) explore the ideas on how tourism travel will adjust or adapt to fit with a shift in travel priorities after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purposive sampling method was used data through in-depth interviews with hotel and restaurant operations. During Aug-Sept 2020 in the provinces that are the most controlled areas are Bangkok and Chiang Mai, the qualitative data were analysed using Grounded Theory by symbolic interaction. According to the main finding, hygiene and safety are the most important priorities for tourists when they can travel again so the use of hygiene and safety protocols along with the collaboration with the public sector, and the support from the government. Also, crisis management strategies and risk management departments are vital for tourism travel to deal with challenges after the crisis.

CO2 production in waste management during the COVID pandemic in an Italian hospital

Abstract Background Personal protection equipment (PPE) use in hospitals has consistently increased due to the Sars-Cov-2 outbreak, in wards repurposed for Covid-19 patients and wards that kept their usual activity. This increase influenced an environmental emergency in terms of health waste (HW) disposal. This study aims to assess the economic and environmental impact of the increase in HW generated before and during the pandemic in an Italian Hospital. Methods Data from 2016 to 2019 and 2020 to 2021 was retrieved from Risk Management department. Per capita and per days-of-stay waste quantity were calculated for the hospital inpatient wards and medical service areas (anatomical pathology, laboratories, radiology, nuclear medicine). Linear regression models assessed the epidemiological impact of COVID, and LOESS analysis modeled the relationship between infectious HW generation and the percentage of COVID-related inpatient days. Average weight of HW per patient was used to estimate the monetary value of CO2 produced. Results Preliminary results show that the inpatient days related to COVID nonlinearly influenced the infectious HW generated by wards. PPE usage increased in every context, and the proportion of COVID-related bed-days ranged from 2% to 12% in low-incidence months to 17% to 31% during acute phases. Pre-COVID CO2 production weighted 487 kg per patient and cost 1705€ per-capita, whereas during the pandemic it amounted to 768 kg per patient and cost 2688€ per capita which resulted in a significant increase of 983€ per patient. Conclusions In light of the results, HW disposal is an urgent issue that should be addressed by policy makers when implementing new monitoring systems for hospitals. A more adequate disposal of HW could substantially contribute in reducing air pollution and concurrently reduce the economic impact health systems due to the coronavirus pandemic. Key messages

The Use of Rapid Response Systems (Agile) And Their Role in Legalizing Operational Risks in Banks

The study aimed mainly at scientific rooting by identifying the role of using rapid response systems (Agile) in legalizing operational risks in banks listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange. Previous studies, periodicals and theses, analysis of the results of the field study and testing of hypotheses using the statistical program (SPSS) .The questionnaire, after evaluation and arbitration by a number of specialists, was distributed to the study community consisting of branch managers, directors, heads and employees of the Risk Management Department, which numbered (98) employees. The researchers used a comprehensive inventory of the community due to the small size of the study community .The results of the field study demonstrated that the use of rapid response systems (Agile) helps to overcome the weakness in the control and internal audit systems in the banks listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange. In addition, the operational risks are being controlled and monitored by the internal control departments and the internal audit departments in a large and clear way . The study also recommended that the managements of banks listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange should prepare plans for the use of rapid response systems (Agile) to legalize the operational risks that these banks may face.

Forecasting corporate credit ratings using big data from social media

Corporate credit ratings are comprehensive indicators of a company’s management performance, earnings quality, and future prospects; they represent its market evaluation and status in the industry and are relevant to the financing and investment decision-making process. Financial institutions determine corporate credit ratings using corporate financial and governance indicators. With advancements in the Internet and the popularity of social media, the appeal of enterprises on social media has become a relevant research topic. Social media represents an alternative method for financial institutions to determine corporate credit ratings. Therefore, the large amounts of data from social media have been used to effectively analyze and predict corporate credit ratings in risk management departments of financial institutions in the field of financial technology (FinTech).This study develops an approach to forecasting corporate credit ratings by analyzing public opinion toward corporations on social media to assist financial institutions in effectively evaluating and controlling corporate risk. This objective is achieved through the following steps: (i) designing a corporate credit rating forecasting process based on big data from social media, (ii) developing techniques for corporate credit rating forecasting, and (iii) implementing and evaluating the corporate credit rating forecasting mechanism.The experimental results of this research show that the accuracy of corporate credit rating prediction based on social media big data is higher than that of traditional financial report, corporate governance and macroeconomic indicators. Moreover, the adopted forecasting model, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), is superior to the other machine learning models in terms of accuracy.

العوامل المؤثرة على فاعلية نظام الرقابة الداخلية (دراسة ميدانية على دوائر ضريبة الدخل في فلسطين)

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى العوامل المؤثرة على فاعلية نظام الرقابة الداخلية في دوائر ضريبة الدخل في فلسطين، وفحص أثر كل من (البيئة الرقابية، تقييم المخاطر، الأنشطة الرقابية، نظام المعلومات والاتصالات، المتابعة) على فاعلية نظام الرقابة الداخلية في دوائر ضريبة الدخل في فلسطين، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي لملاءمته لطبيعة هذه الدراسة، وتصميم استبانة تتناسب مع موضوع الدراسة وأهدافها، وبعد اختبار صدقها وثباتها تم تطبيقها على جميع أفراد العينة التي تكونت من فئتين: الفئة الأولى تكونت من ( 66 ) موظفاً من دوائر ضريبة الدخل الذين تم اختيارهم بطريقة العينة القصدية، والفئة الثانية تكونت من ( 15 ) موظفاً من دائرة التدقيق الداخلي في وزارة المالية والتخطيط الذين جُمعت البيانات منهم باستخدام أسلوب الحصر الشامل، حيث تم استرجاع ( 64 ) استبانة من موظفي دوائر ضريبة الدخل و( 13 ) استبانة من موظفي دائرة التدقيق الداخلي، وتم تجميعها وترميزها وإدخالها إلى الحاسوب ومعالجتها باستخدام برنامج الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية ( statistical package for social sciences spss 26.0 ) لتحليل البيانات الميدانية للخروج بالنتائج والتوصيات، أظهرت النتائج أن أكثر العوامل تأثيراً على فاعلية نظام الرقابة الداخلية في دوائر ضريبة الدخل هو(وجود فصل ملائم بالمهام لموظفي الدائرة (مثل، الفصل بين وظائف التقدير والتدقيق))، كما أظهرت أن أقل العوامل تأثيراً على فاعلية نظام الرقابة الداخلية في دوائر ضريبة الدخل هو(توفر إطار مهني معتمد (سياسات، إجراءات، تدريب، دائرة) لتنظيم عملية إدارة المخاطر في دوائر ضريبة الدخل) من وجهة نظر العينة جميعها كوحدة واحدة، وفي ضوء النتائج أوصى الباحثان بضرورة إنشاء دائرة مختصة لإدارة المخاطر في الإدارة العامة لضريبة الدخل؛ لأهميتها بالتحكم بالمخاطر التي قد تواجه دوائر ضريبة الدخل وتخفيضها إلى نسب مقبولة.

Determining a risk management staffing model.

Health care organizations have struggled to establish par levels of risk management personnel needed to effectively accomplish risk management functions. This study set out to determine whether a par level staffing model could be established utilizing a nonclinical role to enable the clinical risk manager to focus on key risk management core functions, therefore enhancing risk management department efficacy. Utilizing a model published by Howard and Felton, Trinity Health Insurance and Risk Management Services (IRMS) evaluated risk management staffing according to our core functions and workload and determined recommended risk management staffing levels for our organization. Eighteen Risk Managers from 13 acute care hospitals participated in a 2-week time study documenting time spent and estimated time needed to complete core risk management functions. By quantifying the time needed to complete risk management core functions and evaluating which activity could best be completed by specific roles, we have established both a recommended baseline staffing level of one risk manager FTE per 6650 monthly average adjusted patient days (APD), as well as a work distribution model of 70% clinical and 30% nonclinical split of risk management FTEs for our hospitals. Organizations can similarly evaluate their staffing according to their core functions and workload.

Construction of a Digital Platform for Enterprise Financial Management Based on Visual Processing Technology

Along with the continuous socioeconomic growth, more capital injection is needed to meet the daily operating cash flow demand compared to the traditional development model, so it is necessary to study the digital capability of enterprise financial management. Based on the evolutionary logic of financial risk identification, evaluation, and control, this paper summarizes the most suitable feature processing algorithm process for enterprise financial management systems by visual processing technology; for the visual guidance system, it needs to be able to identify artifacts quickly and accurately and compare different visual recognition algorithms experimentally. Considering the accuracy and real time of the visual guidance system, the efficiency of the algorithm is improved as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the accuracy, including the collection of work area features and the filtering preprocessing of data features, edge detection, and feature extraction, and, finally, the coordinate conversion can be carried out effectively to meet the requirements of the system for speed and accuracy. The digital platform for enterprise financial management built in this paper gives risk management strategies and implementation plans in six aspects, including improving the internal environment for risk management, setting control objectives in line with the development of the company, focusing on the response and control of major risks, ensuring efficient communication of information, and strengthening supervision. In terms of profitability risk, we propose to improve asset utilization, establish additional investment risk management departments, enhance capital utilization efficiency, and create core mobile products; in terms of asset operation, we propose to increase asset risk management, expand product sales scale, standardize cash flow system, and use centralized bank accounts.