Department Of Materials Science Research Articles

Nagynyomású hidrogénatmoszférás kemence gyártása szénacélok elridegedésének vizsgálatához

Összefoglalás. A hidrogén tárolása iránti igény egyre növekszik, melynek oka az, hogy a hidrogén mint alternatív energiahordozó jelentős szerepet játszik a szén-dioxidkibocsátás-csökkentési törekvésekben. Azonban, az elridegedési folyamatok körében a hidrogén által előidézett károsodások jelentik a legkomolyabb problémát az acélokra nézve. Kutatómunkánk során egy nagynyomású hidrogénatmoszférás hőkezelésre alkalmas autoklávot terveztünk, majd gyártottunk. Az autoklávban P355 NH minőségű alapanyagból kimunkált szabványos Charpy-féle ütőpróbatesteket hőkezeltünk 150 °C-on, 40 bar túlnyomáson, 200 órán keresztül, tiszta hidrogén atmoszférában. A vizsgálatok eredményei alapján megállapítottuk, hogy a jelentős mértékű elridegedés a hidrogénezési folyamat után sem történt. Summary. The demand for hydrogen storage is growing. The primary reason for this is that hydrogen as an alternative energy carrier is playing a significant role in carbon reduction efforts as a fuel for road and maritime transport. In addition, hydrogen can be seen as a long-term flexible energy storage option. Hydrogen as an energy carrier is expected to play a significant role in residential and industrial use in the future. A first step in this development is the mixing of hydrogen with natural gas in small quantities. Increasing the share of hydrogen would not only reduce CO2 emissions, but would also facilitate the development of different hydrogen production methods and thus reduce production costs. The upper safety limit for hydrogen blending with natural gas is set by the national specification of the natural gas supply, possible material quality restrictions and the tolerance of the most sensitive equipment in the network. For this reason, the maximum allowable hydrogen content in natural gas is generally limited to 2,5%. However, among the embrittlement processes, hydrogen-induced damage is the most serious problem for both non-alloy and low-alloy steels. Atomic hydrogen diffuses in steel at high rates. The diffusion rate is orders of magnitude higher than that of other elements; this is due to the small atomic diameter of hydrogen. To investigate the degradation of different carbon steels in a high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere, a hydrogenation furnace was designed and fabricated at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at BME. The hydrogenation furnace is the main part of a complex mechanical engineering system, for the operation of which the mechanical, heating, electrical supply, control and gas handling components are indispensable. The entire design process of the furnace was led by József Blücher, Professor Emeritus at BME, with the help of the engineers and technicians working on the project. Standard Charpy impact test specimens were machined from P355 NH grade material to test the embrittlement of carbon steels. The hydrogenation temperature was 150 °C, the internal overpressure in the chamber was 40 bar, the hydrogenation time was 200 hours and the atmosphere was hydrogen gas of purity 5.0. The impact test was carried out at -20, 0 and +20 °C. Based on the results of the tests, it can be concluded that there was no significant degree of degradation both before hydrogenation and after prolonged exposure to hydrogen. It can be concluded that the tube material used as a sample is suitable for operation in a hydrogen medium. Based on the analysis of the burst areas and impact values of the impact test specimens, it was concluded that hydrogen did not cause any observable damage to the test material.

Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University

Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University

An Improved Lithium-Sulfur Battery By Using Porous Carbon As the Sulfur Template

As global demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to rise, the rechargeable battery of high-energy density is actively researched. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in the electric vehicles (EVs) and have been leading the EVs market. However, LIBs have reached their limits due to their practical low-capacity and high-cost. Therefore, novel strategy is required to solve the problem of the LIBs.Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries attract attention because of high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh/g) and high energy density (2600 Wh/kg). Moreover, sulfur as electrode material is abundant and inexpensive. However, the sulfur-based batteries have serious disadvantages, which is the shuttle of intermediate polysulfides (Li2Sn, 2<n≤8), and low conductivity, result in poor cycle stability and low discharge capacity [1,2].Therefore, in this study, the sulfur electrode is fabricated by impregnating sulfur into three-dimensional porous carbon. The porous structure suppressed the dissolution/shuttle of sulfur species and improved the cycling stability and discharge capacity. Moreover, three types of porous carbon templated of activated carbon cloth, activated carbon felt, and porous carbon foam were compared on electrochemical performances.Reference Jimin Yun, 2023, High Loading Sulfur Cathode with Three-dimensional Porous Current Collector for Lithium-Sulfur Battery, Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, P.11, p.14Kimin Park, 2022, Design od metal phosphate based electrodes for high-performance Li-Ion & Li-S battery, Department of materials science and engineering seoul national university, P.1

Awardees of the 2023 IUPAC-Zhejiang NHU International Award for Advancements in Green Chemistry

Abstract The 2023 IUPAC-Zhejiang NHU International Award for Advancements in Green Chemistry was announced and presented during the 49th IUPAC World Chemistry Congress in The Hague, The Netherlands. We congratulate Xile Hu from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland as the experienced chemist award winner, and Mirabbos Hojamberdiev from Technical University Berlin, Germany, Jiayu Peng from Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, and Zhe Zhuang, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, USA as the young award winners.

Revolutionizing Bone Implants: The Promising Journey of Hyperelastic Bone and 3D Printing in Modern Medicine

Introduction: In the rapidly developing world of modern medicine, there is an effort to create innovative materials that are characterized by affordability, quality, and long service life. The main target for the research teams became artificial bone implants produced by 3D printing. Biocompatibility, individualized geometries, and expansiveness of the material during bone growth are basic criteria for simplifying surgical manipulation and simplifying rehabilitation. In the last decade, such materials have mainly included ceramic composites and polyesters containing calcium phosphate. A cutting-edge step was the discovery of a material called hyperelastic bone (HB), which combines hydroxyapatite and biocompatible polymer components. HB is formed by an inorganic-organic composite with a 3D structure, capable of expansion along with growing bone. Due to its biocompatibility, it brings significant advances in the field of bone endoprostheses designed for pediatric patients. HB in combination with suitable 3D printing technology brings the possibility of producing individualized bone replacements of a new generation. This new generation is characterized by a more than 70 % decrease in the need for repeated resections during bone growth in pediatric patients, thereby significantly increasing the patient's quality of life and reducing the demands on rehabilitation.&#x0D; Aim: Emphasize the importance of hyperelastic bone as a revolutionary material in the field of artificial bone implants, which has the potential to meet the quality of life of pediatric patients after part of the bone transplantation.&#x0D; Conclusions: The effort to find new materials specifically for pediatric patients with rapidly growing bones has led to the breakthrough discovery of hyperelastic bone developed by the team of Jakus et al. from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University in Evanston. It is a composite that combines hydroxyapatite, polycaprolactone and polylactic acid. The material improves the physicochemical and mechanical properties of endoprostheses compared to the still commonly used and studied materials based on polyesters and organic-inorganic composites. This material has a significant ability to adapt its geometry during the growth of the child's bone and thus reduce the demands of rehabilitation. In combination with 3D printing, HB offers a reduction in the cost of producing individualized endoprostheses. This groundbreaking material sets new standards for endoprosthesis development, orthopedics, and rehabilitation. Although this is a huge advance in medicine and medical rehabilitation, it is necessary to optimize rehabilitation processes for novel type of endoprostheses.

A Dataset for Learning University STEM Courses at Scale and Generating Questions at a Human Level

We present a new dataset for learning to solve, explain, and generate university-level STEM questions from 27 courses across a dozen departments in seven universities. We scale up previous approaches to questions from courses in the departments of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Physics, Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Economics, Mathematics, Biological Engineering, Data Systems, and Society, and Statistics. We visualize similarities and differences between questions across courses. We demonstrate that a large foundation model is able to generate questions that are as appropriate and at the same difficulty level as human-written questions.

In Response.

South Shore University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University / Northwell Health Bay Shore, New York, [email protected], Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan

Separation and Detection Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University

Separation and Detection Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University

Analysis of Forging Processes for Machine Building Industry Modeling

This paper presents the efforts of forging process. As new uses for various metals multiplied, and the superior quantities imported to metals by forging came to be more positively recognized, the forging industry accelerated its efforts to produce more and better products at diminishing cost. During the production of a crankshaft weighing 17 kilograms from a bar of rolled steel, up to 31.5 kilograms are irretrievably lost as chips in machining. When the same weight of crankshaft is manufactured by the forging process, only 13.7 kilograms of steel are lost in chips. i.e. the loss is 56.6 percent less. When the temperatures increase, it is found that forging load decreases. Forging load is directly proportional to the percentage of reduction. Low carbon steels are easy to forge and super alloys are difficult to forge .In this paper, three different types of materials namely, 1020 carton steel (crankshaft), A-286 alloy (turbine disc) and 6061 alloy (aircraft housing) are analyzed to determine the relationship between the forging temperature, forging loads and percentages of reduction. There were made at the laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Yangon Technological University.

Влияние содержания комплексных добавок на деформационные характеристики цемента

Introduction. When using concrete and reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to overcome problems associated with the quality of concrete to shrink in size and experience shrinkage during hardening and drying. To solve problems with shrinkage, special attention is paid to the materials that, when added to ordinary portland cement, make it possible to obtain non-shrinkable, expanding types of cements. A well-known way of producing expanding cements is to grind cement clinker, gypsum and a special additive together. In addition, the introduction of active mineral additives with pozzolanic properties allows to compact the structure of the cement stone, reduce porosity, increase strength and reduce shrinkage. They also save the clinker for the cement production, help to reduce the cost of production and help to reduce the burden on the environment. One of these mineral additives is tripoli. Materials and methods. The effect of additives content on the deformation property of the composite binger was studied using the experiment planning method. Deformation of cement at the age of 2, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days were determined in accordance with the method of results processing in accordance with GOST R 56727–2015, GOST 11052–74. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Construction Materials Science of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. Results. The results obtained are presented as the surface of a second level regression equation describing the dependence of the blinder deformation on the content of complex expanding and pozzolanic additives. As a result of the experiments conducted, the composition with the maximum expansion and the composition with maximum shrinkage using complex additives were obtained. The results will be further used to predict the deformation properties of the binder. Conclusions. Based on the results of this study, the authors will continue to study the properties of binders based on a complex expanding and pozzolanic additive in the future.

Special Issue for KSTP30 Years Anniversary: Recent Steel Research in Mechanics of Plastic Deformation and Materials Processing

Special Issue for KSTP30 Years Anniversary: Recent Steel Research in Mechanics of Plastic Deformation and Materials Processing

Exploration of The Reform of The Training System for Full-time Master's Degree Students in Materials Under the Background of Academic System Reform

The Department of Materials Science and Engineering was established in 2001 at the Weihai Campus of Harbin Institute of Technology, and the first batch of master's students majored in materials processing engineering was officially enrolled in the same year. Since 2009, the structural type of master's education has been significantly reformed, and the first batch of applied master's students in materials engineering was admitted in 2011, in line with the Ministry of Education, to enhance the ability of graduate students to serve the national and social development, and increase the training of application-oriented talents. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress that it is necessary to deepen the integration of industry and education. In response to the country's acceleration of the high-quality development of professional degree graduate education in the new era, our university will admit the first batch of full-time professional degree master's students in 2022, extending the duration of study from two years to three years, and many issues such as curriculum system setting and professional practice requirements in the whole process of training need to be explored.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 146• Number of submissions sent for review: 141• Number of submissions accepted: 107• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 73.3• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 32• Contact person for queries: Name: Y Laosiritaworn Email: yongyut.laosiri@cmu.ac.th Affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University

High Purity Pd Nanofilm Deposition Via Cu Incorporation Control in Slrr Process

Department of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea *byyoo@hanyang.ac.kr ABSTRACT The deposition of palladium has been considered in many industrial applications and in fundamental science because of the high catalytic activities. Careful control of smooth and continuous Pd film less than 1nm thickness is critical for achieving highly active catalysts. Furthermore, perspective of cost-effective view, minimum usage of Pd is essential for catalyst while showing maximum activity for catalyst due to its high cost.Electrochemical-atomic layer deposition (E-ALD), can achieve the growth of atomic level of metal film under room temperature and simple condition. E- ALD protocol proceeds using surface limited redox replacement (SLRR). SLRR involves 2 step. First, Au substrate is covered with Cu monolayer, the result of underpotential deposition of Cu (sacrificial element). Underpotential deposition (UPD) is the deposition occurs at more positive potential than equilibrium potential which the potential where deposition actually strats and UPD can limit Cu deposition by atomic layer. Second, Cu atomic layer is replaced by more noble metal (Pd) by galvanic displacement without applying potential. In one cell approach, the concentration ratio of sacrificial metal and noble metal and potential set is carefully set in order to deposit pure noble metal layer. Therefore, precise control of potential and metal concentration is important to execute successful SLRR which prevent Cu incorporation and Pd overpotential deposition upon Cu UPD formation.In this study, pure Pd nanofilm was formed on Au substrate using Cu sacrificial metal by SLRR protocol. Effort of minimizing Cu incorporation was conducted by controlling Pd ion concentration, potential , open circuit potential condition and adding additive. Pd film was characterized by XPS, AFM and open circuit potential was analyzed by potentiostat. By controlling Pd deposition condition, pure Pd film was successfully formed. KEYWORDS Palladium, one-cell, nanofilm, SLRR, Cu UPD

Critical challenges facing low carbon steelmaking technology using hydrogen direct reduced iron

Wanho Kim is the representative of "TheHighest" company, South Korea. He develops solutions for reducing CO₂ emissions in various technological fields based on chemical metallurgy. He holds a doctoral degree from Yonsei University in materials science and engineering and has worked as a principal researcher at POSCO to reduce CO₂ emissions in steel processing. He has been developing alternative processes using hydrogen to reduce CO₂ emissions in iron and steelmaking and has also participated in the development of related national projects. He currently provides comprehensive consulting in developing sustainable green technologies for various metallurgical industries. Il Sohn is professor at the Materials Science and Engineering Department in Yonsei University, South Korea. He holds a doctoral degree from Carnegie Mellon University in materials science and engineering and has worked extensively in the steel-related industry and academia for more than 2 decades. He engages in fundamental research of steelmaking and recycling and process optimization. He serves as a member of the National Academy of Engineering of Korea and several editorial boards of renowned metallurgical journals including <i>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions</i>. His profound hope is to make an impact for the sustainability of the industry.

Imagining circular beyond lithium-ion batteries

Alexandra Easley is a PhD student and National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Fellow in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Texas A&M University. Her research is on polymer-based batteries using degradable polymers. Ting Ma is a postdoctoral research associate in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University. She obtained her PhD from Nankai University under the supervision of Prof. Jun Chen. Her research focuses upon polymer-based metal-free batteries. Jodie Lutkenhaus is a professor of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University. She was recognized as a World Economic Forum Young Scientist, and she is a member of the US National Academies Board on Chemical Sciences & Technology. Her lab focuses on organic batteries, structural energy storage, polyelectrolytes, and functional coatings.

Toward practical aqueous zinc-ion batteries for electrochemical energy storage

Chang Li is a PhD candidate in the Department of Chemistry at University of Waterloo, under the supervision of Professor Linda F. Nazar. He received his bachelor's degree from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2019. His current research focuses on developing novel electrolyte systems for Zn²⁺-exclusive intercalation cathodes and advanced anodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Shuo Jin is a PhD candidate in the Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Cornell University, under the supervision of Professor Lynden Archer. He received his bachelor's degree from South China University of Technology in 2018 and MS degree from Cornell University in 2020, both in chemical engineering. His current research focuses on understanding the effects of Zn electrodeposit crystallography on electrochemical reversibility of Zn anodes. Lynden Archer is the James A. Friend Family Distinguished Professor and Joseph Silbert dean of engineering at Cornell University. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and fellow of the American Physical Society and the Society of Rheology. His research focuses on fluid dynamics of simple and complex liquids at liquid solid interfaces, as well as their application for morphological control of battery anodes. Linda Nazar is a fellow of the Royal Society of London, an officer of the Order of Canada, and holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in solid state energy materials. She was awarded the Materials Research Society Medal in 2020 for her outstanding contributions to advanced materials design, synthesis, and characterization for energy storage, particularly Li battery technologies. Dr. Nazar carries out research in solid state chemistry/ionics, electrochemistry, and materials chemistry and has published more than 270 academic papers. Dr. Nazar is identified as a highly cited researcher (Web of Science; 2014–2021), with multiple highly cited papers that are defined as those ranking in the top 1% by citations for chemistry.

Investigating the Effect of rGO Concentration on rGO-PMMA Composites Synthesized Via Solution Casting Technique

Research & Development in Material Science Investigating the Effect of rGO Concentration on rGO-PMMA Composites Synthesized Via Solution Casting Technique Lovepreet Singh*, Anupama Kashyap and Vishal Singh Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, India *Corresponding author: Lovepreet Singh, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India Submission: July 06, 2022;Published: July 28, 2022 DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2022.17.000912 ISSN: 2576-8840 Volume 17 Issue 3

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Undefined• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 114• Number of submissions sent for review: 114• Number of submissions accepted: 110• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 96.5• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 24• Contact person for queries: Name: Martyushev Nikita Email: nikitoid@mail.ru Affiliation: Tomsk Polytechnic University - Materials science department

Smart moves [Concrete Innovation

Many contributors to global warming, such as the internal combustion engine, are being phased out. Others, such as concrete - which is responsible for 8 per cent of all greenhouse gas emissions - are not.This is because there is no real alternative to the material that underpins everything from Hadrian&apos;s Wall to the Burj Khalifa. Concrete - and the cement that plays a critical role in its performance - is here to stay.Long experience with cement and concrete, however, has led to constant improvement. This, coupled with a natural industry conservatism, makes technology advances hard to come by."Portland cement is an amazing material," says Theo Hanein, a researcher in cement materials at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Sheffield University. "There&apos;s no reason to move away from it, other than its effect on the planet.".