Dental Operations Research Articles

Electrodermal Activity for Quantitative Assessment of Dental Anxiety

In spite of the development in technology and the recent innovations in dentistry, dental anxiety remains a common issue, and accurately assessing it is challenging due to reliance on patients’ self-reports, which are often biased. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine whether dental anxiety can be quantified objectively using the EDA parameters. EDA (skin conductance (SC), skin susceptance (SS), and skin potential (SP)) parameters and heart rate (HR) were recorded from 40 participants during two different sessions (baseline and anxiety). In addition, the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) scale was also used to record the level of anxiety. The physiological data from EDA and HR were compared with the subjective self-reports of anxiety provided on the MDAS to show whether higher EDA and HR readings correspond to higher scores on the MDAS. To elicit dental anxiety, participants were exposed to several film clips associated with dental treatment. EDA signals were compared between the two sessions for all clips and all EDA scores. SC and HR significantly (p < 0.05) increased during the anxiety session compared to the baseline session. The number of fluctuations per minute in the SC, SS, and SP notably increased during the anxiety session. The MDAS results revealed that the participants had dental anxiety when they were exposed to video clips of dental procedures. The study results imply that EDA parameters could be used as a useful tool to monitor dental anxiety, in particular in young children and non-verbal patients or those with intellectual disabilities, which may aid the dentist in the successful management of dental anxiety during treatment. The moment-to-moment EDA data on a patient’s anxiety levels throughout particular dental operations provides a clearer picture of anxiety variations than pre- or post-appointment surveys alone, in addition to offering unbiased tracking of dental anxiety levels over self-reports. This study seeks to encourage further research into the most effective EDA parameters for improving the management of dental anxiety.

Patients’ Perception of using Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (R&AI) are now playing a significant role in influencing the future of dentistry, owing to the fast advancements in technology. The use of AI in dentistry has already begun to enhance patient care and streamline operational efficiency. However, there has been limited research exploring how dental patients perceive the adoption of R&AI. Objective To assess and evaluate the knowledge, concerns, and perceptions of patients agreeing to undergo treatment in its variable forms and procedures under R&AI in order to gain insight into the public understanding of such advanced technologies. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the dental teaching hospital of King Abdul Aziz University in Saudi Arabia from July 2023 to December 2023. The subjects were dental patients from an open network and the public community in different segments, with an alternate group of ages. A digital questionnaire from Google Surveys was used. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Results This study evaluated the perceptions of 807 participants about R&AI dental treatment. The majority, 78.3%, n = 632, reported having already encountered the term AI in dentistry; however, they had never encountered any AI-based treatment (91.9%, n = 742) and remained uninterested in seizing the opportunity (52.8%, n = 381). Around one-third of them also perceived strong disagreement with the dental performance of robotics alone (39.2%, n = 316), even if it was offered at a reduced cost compared to normal treatment (30.7%, n = 248). Conclusion The study's findings reveal that patients' perceptions of R&AI-assisted dental procedures remain inconsistent. While the participants show a greater willingness to embrace the use of R&AI in dental operations, their overall level of trust in R&AI is only mediocre. Patients believe it is critical for a dentist to have control over the R&AI application and take full responsibility for dental care.

Lidocaine-Loaded Iontophoresis-Driven Fiber-Based Microneedle Patch for Controllable and Long-Lasting Transdermal Local Analgesia

AbstractThe acute pain induced by clinical procedures, such as venipuncture, dental operations, and dermatological treatments, as well as postoperative pain, drives the advancement of anesthetic techniques aimed at alleviating discomfort. This situation underscores the ongoing significance of effective pain management strategies within the field of anesthesia. This paper presents an integrated iontophoresis (ITP)-driven fiber-based microneedle patch (IFMP) regulated by a smartphone for controllable, long-lasting lidocaine transdermal delivery. The IFMP integrates pure cotton fiber canvas-based dissolving microneedles (MNs) with ITP into a patch, with the MNs tips and gel layers significantly increasing the drug-loading capacity, achieving a one-step drug administration strategy of “dissolution, diffusion, and ITP.” Lidocaine is released via the microchannels of MNs by passive diffusion. Additionally, an electric current initiates active ITP for lidocaine delivery, creating synergy. User-requirement-based drug release by precisely modulating electrical signals in rat pain models is described herein. A smartphone application enables precise dosage control. It offers three different delivery modes: single-dose, pulse delivery, and sustained-release, ensuring rapid onset, and long-lasting pain relief. This versatility makes the system suitable for various pain conditions. The IFMP represents a promising system for patient-controlled local analgesia treatment, enabling active and long-term local self-controlled pain management in a safe and regulated manner. Graphical Abstract The iontophoresis-driven fiber-based microneedle patch combines fiber-based dissolving microneedles with iontophoresis, facilitating controlled lidocaine release through diffusion and electrical activation for enhanced effect. Precise modulation of electrical signals allows user-requirement-based drug release in rat pain models. A smart application supports precise dosing in single-dose, pulse, or sustained-release modes, ensuring efficient and prolonged pain management.

Spread of Covid-19 in Dental Setting

In the marine sector of the city of Wuhan in China and spread quickly through other cities of China and other nations, extreme (2019-nCoV) even fetal pneumonia has occurred. The Covid-19 was distinct from SARS-CoV, but the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressed the same host receptor. The 2019-nCoV person-to - person routes involved active touch, such as cough, sneezing, inhalation droplet delivery and interaction delivery, such as gastrointestinal, nasal and visual mucous membranes. In addition, 2019-nCoV can be distributed through the saliva. Participants in dental work face-to - face contact and proximity to sweat, blood and other bodily fluids and the treatment of urgent equipment subject them to immense 2019-nCoV contamination. Dentists have an excellent position to perform in stopping 2019-nCoV transmission. The key method of spreading this disease is through inhalation of respiratory gout, for instance while the patients chat, sneeze, etc. Here we prescribe the management of infections during dental practice through obstructive transmission routes in dental clinical areas, as human-to-human transmission appears to occur mainly through closing up with symptoms involving Covid-19. The virus is often known for its potential to live outside living species, in aerosols or in infected equipment. Dentists are especially susceptible to Covid-19, since they cannot usually be more than one meter long and are exposed during surgical operations to spit, blood and other body fluids. In addition, a number of dental operations may produce aerosol, which is a greater source of airborne infection.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients with Total Joint Arthroplasty before Dental Procedures: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Background: Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is followed by periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). At present, PJI is observed to have a rate of incidence of 1% to 2% in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients and 0.3%–2.9% in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. LaPorte et al. in 1999 observed that in individuals who have had THA, PJI may result from temporary bacteraemia that occurs after a dental operation. Bacteraemia from dental procedures has the potential to infect distant areas, especially prosthetic implants. Antibiotic prophylaxis for individuals undergoing dental procedures who have THA or TKA is also controversial because the pathophysiology is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis due to insufficient evidence regarding the benefits and potential risks of giving prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures for patients with TJA and a non-infectious oral condition. Methods: We systematically checked four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science) for any relevant studies till 3 March 2024. In the studies that were considered, individuals who had undergone dental procedures after having undergone hip or knee arthroplasty were examined to see whether there was a correlation between dental procedures and PJI. The risk of bias was assessed using two tools. Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort and case–control studies. National Institutes of Health tool for case series. Results: Seven included studies, four of which were case series, two were cohort and one was case control. Our analysis of the case series revealed a non-significant relationship between dental procedures and PJI. The proportion was 0.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04; 0.12). These results were supported by analysis of infection among prophylactic and non-prophylactic patients. The odds ratio was 1.1 (95% CI 0.65; 1.85, P = 0.72) indicating a non-significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: We found that antibiotics do not provide infection coverage in patients with TJA. Therefore, there is no need for antibiotics before dental procedures.

A simple technical innovation to prevent needle stick injuries among dental professionals.

Dental healthcare personnel face the potential danger of being exposed to infectious patients while administering local anesthesia injections during dental operations. This could lead to unintentional transfer of infectious diseases from patients to physicians. Although safety measures such as the One-hand-scoop technique and the use of safety syringes, plastic needle cap holders, and needles with safety caps are in place, there have been instances of needle stick injuries reported in clinics. This might be due to the lack of adherence to conventional safety measures or the impracticality of safety techniques and safety syringes. This article aims to demonstrate the utilization of dental tweezers, specifically London College tweezers or dental forceps, for the secure recapping of needles, eliminating the requirement for extra equipment or devices. After obtaining ethical approval (Approval No.: 024-01-2024) from the College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, 67 dental professionals, with consent for participation in the study, were included. They were requested to use dental tweezers/London College tweezers and dental extraction forceps such as maxillary anterior, mandibular anterior, and maxillary bayonet root forceps individually to recap the local anesthetic needles. The efficacy of these techniques was evaluated against the one-hand scoop technique for its ease, convenience, and reliability in preventing needle stick injuries. The evaluation of dental professionals regarding the ease of using dental tweezers to recap needles, compared to the one-hand scoop technique (p=0.592), maxillary bayonet root forceps (p=0.746), mandibular anterior forceps (p=0.380), and maxillary anterior forceps (p=0.808), did not yield statistically significant results. The assessment of the procedural simplicity of the one-hand scoop technique showed a satisfaction rate of over 40%, whereas the application of dental tweezers resulted in a satisfaction rate of 30%. However, the use of dental tweezers for needle recapping resulted in a satisfaction rate of over 50%, compared to a satisfaction rate of 30% for the one-handed scoop technique. There is no statistically significant difference in the assessment of the efficacy of dental tweezers and the one-hand scoop technique, bayonet root forceps, mandibular anterior forceps, maxillary anterior forceps, and dental tweezers for the needle capping technique. Therefore, dental forceps can be used instead of the one-handed scoop approach. The needle recapping procedure outlined in our study, aimed at preventing needle stick injuries, is simple to implement, and all dental specialties have convenient access to the required instruments.

ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ ПРИ МЕСТНОЙ АНЕСТЕЗИИ ПОСЛЕ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВ

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. This definition is widely accepted worldwide by medical practitioners, medical professionals, and public health representatives. The use of local anesthesia allows dental manipulations to be performed painlessly, reversibly blocking the conduction of sensory nerves. Complications related to local anesthesia are an important aspect in dental surgery. The purpose of this literature review is to study the complications associated with the use of local anesthesia in maxillofacial surgery, as well as to investigate methods and procedures for the successful treatment of these complications. This review presents the largest scientific studies conducted in search of the definition of the most common complications and their treatment, since the safety and effectiveness of local anesthesia in dental operations are key aspects in achieving positive results and meeting the needs of patients. Various complications have been identified, including allergic reactions, hematomas, infections, and nerve damage. Regional analgesia is too important to be denied to patients based on a dubious allergic history. Often, adverse reactions can be directly related to the pharmacological properties of the agents involved. The dentist must adequately distinguish these reactions from those that are directly related to allergic phenomena. For the comprehensive management of patients with an allergic history, it is necessary to take into account the importance, as well as the limitations of intradermal skin tests. Most studies have confirmed the relative safety and effectiveness of local anesthesia, but some risks have been noted that require special attention when planning and performing surgical procedures.

Infection Control Practices in Dental Clinics and Dental Care Settings during COVID - 19's Spread: A Comprehensive Review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome. Dental care units and settings face various problems relating to the transmission of disease during treatment and dental operations. The degree to which the healthcare system is ready affects how well coronavirus illness is managed. Blood, saliva, and mixed water droplets possessing the virus cause contamination of equipment used for dental treatment. Both patients and workers may become transmitters and infectors of COVID-19 through direct contact during dental operations. It is possible for dental professionals and patients to contract COVID-19 and spread it to others. The dental care routine is very effective as we discussed below the prevention steps are very effective. All healthcare workers at the dentistry clinics should collaborate to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus among patients. The primary aim is to make dental health care providers aware of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and to increase their preparedness and understanding of this challenge, which will aid in controlling transmission. The information and data that collected will be useful for the dental community in providing effective patient management through evidence-based recommendations for infection control and disinfection protocols.

Exploring the Oral Manifestations and Hazards to Dental Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has inundated the whole world by causing severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans, thus posing serious public health concerns. The oral and olfactory systems are significantly impacted by the COVID-19 condition, in addition to the respiratory and digestive systems. Oral symptoms of COVID-19 can be caused by a loss in oral hygiene, immune system suppression, a decline in general health, and candidiasis due to prolonged antibiotic use. Because many aerosols and droplets are produced during various dental operations, dental professionals and dentists are at a significant risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection. Few precautionary measures include performing a pre-appointment health screening for all patients, performing aerosol-producing procedures in a designated space or operatory, using proper personal protective equipment and disinfecting the operatory between patients, and limiting the number of dental procedures at one time. Against this background, the purposes of this article are to explore the oral presentations of COVID-19 infection and to emphasize the hazards to dental professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, few preventive measures are also highlighted.

EVALUATION OF POSTOPERATIVE PARESTHESIA FOLLOWING ORAL SURGERY IN DOCUMENTED CASES at FORENSIC MEDICINE

Objective: Surgical procedures applied in dentistry are open to different complications and one of the most important of these complications is nerve damage. Paresthesia occurs at varying rates according to the degree of damage to the affected nerve. The aim of this study is to compare the surgical procedures applied in cases where paresthesia has occurred.
 
 Methods: The study was designed retrospectively on cases referred to the Department of Dentistry of the 7th Specialization Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine between April 2019 and May 2023, with complaints of paresthesia following oral, dental and maxillofacial surgery operations. A total of 387 surgical procedures were divided into 3 groups as impacted mandibular wisdom tooth surgery, orthognathic surgery and dental implant surgery and the groups were compared with each other. The groups were also evaluated in terms of the technique, patient age and gender, and local factor variables applied within themselves.
 
 Results: Of the cases, 58.9% were female (229 people) and 41.1% (159 people) were male (p

The residency levels' effect on pediatric dental rehabilitation operation time

BackgroundPostgraduate pediatric dental residents' competency, to perform dental rehabilitation procedures under General anesthesia (GA), at different levels of training is challenging for operation time control. An adequate operation time (OT) for children decreases morbidity risk and improves hospital time utilization efficiency. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of pediatric dental resident training level on OT for pediatric dental rehabilitation procedures under GA at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC).MethodsA cross-sectional study included pediatric dental rehabilitation performed under GA by pediatric dental residents at (KAMC) -Jeddah from October/2015 to September/2022. The primary outcome was OT, and the predictive variable was resident training levels. A linear regression analysis was used to compare OT between procedures performed by junior (years 1–2) or senior (years 3–4) trainees, adjusting for patient and operative factors.ResultsOne thousand seven pediatric dental rehabilitation cases were performed under GA by junior (13) and senior (31) residents. The univariant analysis indicated that OT for senior residents was significantly longer (13 min) than for junior residents. However, the linear regression analysis showed that senior residents had a significantly shorter OT when considering the more dental procedures performed per case under GA than junior residents. Senior residents took significantly more radiographs and performed more primary pulp therapies and multi-surface anterior colored restorations under GA than junior residents.ConclusionsThe OT for pediatric dental rehabilitation procedures under GA is associated with resident training level. The total OT was significantly longer based on procedure number, type, and resident level. The study indicated that senior residents could manage more complex cases in a shorter time. The finding emphasizes the importance of assigning GA cases to residents based on their level and the case's complexity. Additionally, it helps standardize the resident privileges under GA and understand the impact of residency training on hospital efficiency.

A Case of Surgical Treatment of Lower Molars in a Mesolithic Sample from a Cemetery on the Yuzhny Oleniy Ostrov, Karelia, Russia

Here, we present the earliest case of surgical treatment of mandibular permanent molars known in Northern Eurasia. It concerns an aged woman buried at a Mesolithic cemetery on the Yuzhny Oleniy Ostrov (Island) in Lake Onega, southern Karelia, 8250–8050 cal BP. Our objective was to reconstruct the technology of surgical intervention, and to diagnose and describe the underlying condition. To do this, we carried out an examination of teeth and bone tissues of the upper and lower jaws and a traceological analysis of identified lesions. As we found, in the last few months of her life, the woman underwent several dental operations, including the extraction of the lower left third molar and, in a stepwise fashion, of fragments of the distal part of crown and lingual part of the distal root of the lower right first molar. The first operation was successful—the woman survived for at least two months after it had been performed. The second operation was also successfully performed at least two months before death, likely immediately after the trauma. The mesial part of the crown was removed just before death. No ancient cases where fragments of an injured tooth were removed are known to us. The removal of the lower third molar can be compared only with the earliest previously known case, described in a sample from the Pucará de Tilcara fortress in Northern Argentina (15th–16th centuries AD). Indications for surgery partly coincide in both cases, and include complications of apical periodontitis and the development of osteomyelitis. However, the technology of surgery and its logistics are different.

Space Infections in Children- A Case Report Series

Head and neck area infections in children can be severe, necessitating an immediate diagnosis and course of treatment. These infections are frequently brought on by periapical abscesses, dental trauma, untreated dental caries (cavities), or consequences from dental operations. Poor oral hygiene practices and postponed dental treatment in children might raise the risk. Swelling, discomfort, fever, trouble swallowing, trismus (inability to open the mouth), and occasionally difficulty breathing or speaking are common symptoms in children with head and neck region infections. Clinical examination, patient history, and imaging tests like dental radiographs (X-rays) and CT scans to map out the extent and location of the infection are commonly used by paediatric dentists and healthcare professionals to identify these illnesses. To manage the illness, broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently administered. These infections, if ignored, can result in potentially fatal consequences such as cellulitis, Ludwig's angina, mediastinitis, and sepsis.

Historical Perspectives on the Use Plastic-Based Cements in Endodontics and Prosthodontics: Part 1 - Oxychlorides.

Oxychloride of zinc was used for years to treat teeth by different approaches and procedures. The success of material usage depended on how well the procedures were conducted and largely on the mix of the material. This article aims to review the evolutionary history of this material with a view to its clinical uses, properties, procedures, applications, and successes when used in the management of decayed tooth structure. Perspectives proffered within focus cover 110 years from 1850 to 1960. “Who has not mentally asked the question, as he has taxed himself and his patient to almost complete exhaustion in some dental operation of unusual magnitude or length, Is there not someway either to prevent this destruction of tissue or to restore these organs when attacked, unattended by the severe mental and physical strain upon the operator, and the shrinking, dread, and suffering to the patient which the present general practice and teaching involve?…If the profession would avert this evil, observation must be extended and accurate; new remedies must be sought and applied; investigation by experiment made popular, and the employment of other than mere mechanical remedies encouraged.”

Evaluation of the Yttrium Oxide Effect on Some Mechanical Properties of (Type III) Dental Stone

For many years, gypsum compounds have been used in dentistry. They're used to make casts for various dental laboratory operations. Gypsum products have important characteristics such as "quality, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, hardness, linear setting expansion during setting, and detail replication". Additionally, the use of additives such as gum arabic, ferric oxide, calcium oxide, and calcium carbonate has greatly improved the compressive strength of gypsum products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) addition on the hardness and compressive strength of dental stones. Thirty dental stone specimens of (type III) were prepared and separated into (3) groups: group (A) control group, no additives, group (B) 3% Y2O3, and group (C) 5% Y2O3. The control and experimental groups' mechanical parameters (surface hardness and compressive strength) were measured, and a Shore D hardness tester was used to indent the specimens. An electronic universal testing apparatus with computer control was used to conduct the compressive strength test. The Tukey-HSD test found no difference in surface hardness between the control and experimental groups, a non-significant difference in compressive strength between the control group and dental stone +3% Y2O3, and a significant difference in compressive strength between the control group and dental stone +5% Y2O3. Between dental stones with 3% and 5% Y2O3, there was a substantial difference in compressive strength. The addition of yttrium oxide at weight ratios of 3% and 5% to dental stone did not affect the surface hardness. The addition of 5% yttrium oxide decreased the compressive strengths.

Comparing Similarity And Difference between Two Local Anesthetics, Lidocaine And Procaine

Amide type lidocaine and lipid type procaine are important anesthetics. In fact, they not only solve the problem of overused opioids, but also stimulate the invention of local anesthetic operations, which both declines the time of surgery and limits the possible damage of general anesthetics to patients’ bodies. But these two anesthetics also have their different target diseases, mechanisms, and side effects. For example, lidocaine is not only used for analgesic in dental and skin surgery operations, but also maintain the welfare of patients, who stay in the hospital waiting for recovery, by limiting the pain they could feel from their chronic illness. Actually, procaine has antiatherogenic effects, also multiple target sites which could provide some protection for the old while using. Besides, based on the fact that these chemicals come from different groups, amide type and lipid type, their mechanisms causing anesthetic effects could also be different, which would be introduced in the following context.

Strategic Analysis in the Application of Digital Technology in Dental Practice

Digital technology's adoption in dental practices is unclear, but understanding its current level can offer insights into potential benefits, risks, and challenges. The study investigates the adoption and utilization of digital technology in dental practices, examining its impact on efficiency, potential risks, and benefits. It also aims to develop strategies for successful integration. This study uses a qualitative approach, analyzing knowledge, expert opinions, and real-world experiences on digital technology adoption in dental practices using secondary data from scholarly articles and industry reports. The current level of adoption and utilization of digital technology in dental practices varies widely. While some dental practices have fully embraced digital technology, others lag behind. The impact of digital technology on the efficiency and effectiveness of dental practice operations, such as appointment scheduling, record-keeping, and treatment planning, has been largely positive. However, numerous challenges exist, including data security and integration issues. Benefits and opportunities offered by digital technology include improved diagnostics, patient communication, and the overall patient experience. Digital technology has the potential to revolutionize dental practice operations and enhance patient care. Digital technology adoption in dental practices is varying, but challenges like data security and integration need to be addressed for successful integration and maximum benefits.

Synthesis, characterization of Ca (OH)2: TiO2 nanocomposite and evaluation of its antimicrobial efficacy

Introduction and Aim: Root canal treatment is a dental operation that entails the extraction of the compromised tooth pulp tissue, sterilization of the root canal system, and subsequent filling with an inert substance. To mitigate the potential for bacterial infections and subsequent difficulties, it is customary for patients to receive a prescription for antibiotics prior to undergoing a root canal procedure. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Ca(OH)2: TiO2 nanoparticles as a potential substitute for antibiotics in root canal therapies, while also investigating their antibacterial properties against specific infections. Materials and Methods: Ca (OH)2: TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized chemically using calcium hydroxide and varying concentrations of titanium oxide powder by a sol-gel process. The Ca (OH)2: TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans spp.) by gel diffusion method. Results: FE-SEM analysis indicated that the Ca (OH)2: TiO2 composite material exhibited an amorphous structure, characterized by a particle size measuring 25.88 nm. But FTIR was focused on the spectral region between 4000 and 450 cm-1. The absorption spectra of nanoparticles composed of titanium dioxide consistently displayed a prominent peak at a wavelength of 300 nm. The results of the experiment pertaining to the biological effects of composites suggest that the inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticles at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% in the composite material led to a notably wider inhibitory zone in comparison to the use of Ca(OH)2 alone, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.05. Conclusion: The use of varying concentrations of Ca (OH)2TiO2 improves microbial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, and Candida.

Evaluation of osseointegration by resonance frequency analysis in patients with different bone mineral density: clinical and biomechanical aspects

The method of resonance frequency analysis was used to compare the stability of dental implants in patients with normal bone tissue condition, osteopenia and osteoporosis. The indicators allow obtaining information on the state of the implants and determining the permissible biomechanical load using an orthopedic structure. The measurement method allows observing the dynamics of the osteointegration process, and, if necessary, make timely adjustments to the functional load.Material and methods: comprehensive examination and treatment of 690 patients who applied to the clinic for dental flaw removal by dental implantation. Among them, 547 were (79.3%) women and 143 (20.7%) men. In preparation for dental implantation operations, all patients, except for the standard examination, were also densitometrically examined by double X-ray photon absorptiometry, which revealed systemic changes in bone mineral density. Stability of dental implants and osteointegration were monitored by resonance frequency analysis.Results: the overall value of the resonance-frequency analysis, regardless of the region of implants installed in patients with normal bone tissue, differed from those of the osteopenia and osteoporosis group, and was respectively higher by 7.1% (p < 0.001) and 10.1% (p < 0.001). The overall rate in the osteopenia group was higher, and differed from such a group of patients with osteoporosis by 5.7% (p < 0.001).Conclusion: the results of the resonance-frequency analysis provide significant information about the state of the implant-bone interface at different stages of treatment and at control examinations of patients. The measurement method allows observing the dynamics of the osteointegration process, and, if necessary, make timely adjustments to the functional load. Resonance frequency analysis is an important method for documenting the clinical outcome of implantation.

Lower Lip Paresthesia in a Patient With Carious Mandibular Premolar: A Case Report

Several dental operations, including local anaesthetic administrations, wisdom teeth procedures, orthognathic surgical treatments, ablative operations, implantation, and root canal therapy, can cause numbness and tingling of the inferior alveolar nerve. The present case report explains a case report of lower lip paresthesia arising due to carious mandibular premolar.