Dental Morbidity Research Articles

Dental and microbiological status of COVID-19 convalescent patients with simple marginal gingivitis

The pattern of dental morbidity in the population of the Russian Federation evidences about a high incidence of inflammatory periodontal diseases, which varies based on patient age and comorbidity. The negative age-related dynamics of dental health emphasizes the problem of concomitant pathology and requires constant monitoring of risk factors for inflammatory periodontal diseases. Insufficient attention is paid to endogenous risk factors, such as neurodystrophic disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system, leukemia, anemia, gastrointestinal tract diseases, infections, etc. At the same time, the growth of “new” infections (HIV-infection, HCV-infection, Ebola fever, new coronavirus infection) is recorded with elevating level of other infectious diseases. The aim of the study is to assess dental and microbiological status of COVID-19 convalescent patients. A survey of 100 patients diagnosed with simple marginal gingivitis (ICD-10 code: K 05.10) was carried out consisting of the following groups: main group — 75 COVID-19 convalescent patients, control group — 25 COVID-19-negative subjects. All individuals underwent microbiological diagnostics for gingival groove contents and an assessed dental status. The index assessment was performed using the simplified Green-Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), the PMA index (Parma) and the gingival papilla blood flow index (PBI). In the laboratory, the collected material was seeded onto expanded list of dense nutrient media. The identification of isolated microorganisms was carried out using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. Our analysis of the index assessment in both groups showed that the average values of the indices 1 month after the diagnosis of new coronavirus infection (ICD-10 code: U07.1) in main group are higher than in control group. Based on the results of a microbiological study, significant differences in the frequency of microbial species isolation were identified for 12 species. Thus, it is important to develop approaches to predicting development of chronic gingivitis and its exacerbation in COVID-19 patients.

Dynamics of Dental Care for the Population of the Ryazan Region in COVID-19 Pandemic

INTRODUCTION: Identification of morbidity (based on requests) and the population’s need for dental care optimizes the planning and distribution of compulsory health insurance (CHI) funds between medical organizations at the regional level. However, due to a decrease in the population’s demand for medical care in the context of the new coronavirus infection (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19), the dynamics of the provision of dental care and the structure of dental morbidity taken into account in the compulsory medical insurance system, have changed. AIM: To study the structure and dynamics of the provision of dental care in the period 2018–2021 (pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic period) based on the volume of dental care paid for in the compulsory medical insurance system provided to citizens of the Ryazan region (RR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis was carried out on the basis of registers of bills accepted for payment submitted by medical organizations, taking into account the results of control and expert measures. All completed cases of treatment of insured persons with dental diseases in medical organizations of the Ryazan Region for 2018–2021 were selected for study according to territorial compulsory medical insurance programs. RESULTS: In the structure of outpatient primary health care in 2021, cases of its provision in the ‘Dentistry’ profile amounted to 7.40 ± 0.10%, taking 3rd place; the total number of cases of providing medical care to patients with this pathology decreased by 5.60% compared to 2018. Despite the reduction in the volume of primary dental care, the volume of dental examinations of the population of the RR increased by 30.46%. There was also a 34.08% reduction in completed cases of treatment of chronic periodontitis (p 0.02). For the 2018–2021 period 73,049 medical and economic examinations (MEE) and 1,626 examinations of medical care quality (EMCQ) were carried out, and 1,966 violations were identified (1,316 based on the results of the MEE and 650 based on the results of the EMСQ). The vast majority of these concerned non-compliance with standards of care and clinical guidelines. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate a reduction in the number of cases of insured persons seeking medical care for dental diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Owing to the approval of Order No. 231n of the Ministry of Health of Russia of March 19, 2021, obliging medical insurance organizations to carry out control and expert measures in each medical organization in a certain amount of dental care cases accepted for payment, the number of examinations has increased, and, as a result, the identification of violations in the provision of dental care.

Analysis of the prevalence and structure of dental morbidity among applicants to the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov

AIM: To determine the qualitative structure of dental diseases and pathological conditions of the maxillofacial region and the level of their prevalence among young individuals entering higher military educational institutions in Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data obtained during the dental examination of applicants to the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov as part of a military medical examination to provide admission to a higher educational institution was comprehensively analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed a moderately high level of prevalence of diseases and pathological conditions of the oral cavity in the surveyed population. Among 589 applicants aged 16–25 years who arrived from different regions in Russia, the percentage of those in need of oral sanitation was 51.95%. The most common nosological form among the examined young people was dental caries, including recurrent and secondary forms, which ranged from 19 to 44% in various groups of examined people. Additionally, a low level of oral hygiene was identified, noted in more than 45% of applicants. CONCLUSION: The peculiarities of the obtained research results should be explained by unsatisfactory knowledge and skills in matters of individual oral hygiene (hereinafter referred to as IHPR), insufficient medical education, low level of compliance, and readiness to carry out activities to maintain dental health among young people.

Water pollution with fluoride in the Republic of Moldova and its impact on oral health

Water quality, especially drinking water quality, is one of the most essential requirements for the survival of not only mankind but all terrestrial life on Earth. As a determining factor of health, the quality of drinking water must correspond to sanitary regulations, and the violation of the water protection regime results in pollution. Water pollution is one of the major threats to public health in the Republic of Moldova. According to data compiled by the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy, globally, the Republic of Moldova was placed 83rd out of 180 countries in terms of drinking water quality, the first place being occupied by the countries with the highest drinking water quality. The „age-standardized life-years lost per 100,000 people due to exposure to unsafe drinking water (Daily rate)” is a measure used to evaluate the quality of water. The Daly score for the Republic of Moldova in 2022 was 50.0. The Republic of Moldova is considered a biogeochemical zone with regard to some chemical elements in the environment, including the content of fluorine in groundwater, soil, and subsequently in food products. The analysis of water samples taken by the National Public Health Center of the Republic of Moldova demonstrated that in 90% of cases, water sources subjected to laboratory investigations for microbiological and chemical parameters (boron, fluorine, and nitrates) do not meet the requirements. The present study was a prospective, observational one, the main objective of which was to evaluate the epidemiological dental characteristics of children from the fluorosis-endemic area of the Republic of Moldova. The study targeted 520 12- and 15-year-old children from Fălești district, where the fluoride concentration in drinking water exceeds 16 times the permissible norm of 16.2 ppm/l. Thus, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in this locality (Dean index ≥1) was 98.7 for 12-year-old children and 100% for 15-year-old adolescents. The prevalence of dental caries was 51.2% with an intensity of 2.1 for 12-year-old children, and for 15-year-old children, the prevalence was 67.1% with an intensity of 3.5. Children’s age and severity of dental fluorosis were independent predictors of dental caries intensity. Thus, a positive correlation was established between the severity of dental fluorosis and the intensity of dental caries in both study groups and in all groups of teeth. The percentage of children with a COAD index (decayed, filled, or absent teeth) ≥1 was higher in those whose Dean index was ≥ 5 in the second molar compared to other groups of teeth. Conclusion. Dental fluorosis remains the most common dental disease in fluorosis-endemic areas, and the severity of fluorosis increases with increasing fluoride concentrations in drinking water. Contrary to the previously established opinion, tooth decay also develops in children from endemic areas of fluorosis, and its frequency and intensity are directly correlated with the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. The higher the concentration of fluoride, the higher the values of the prevalence indices and intensity of dental caries. Republic of Moldova performs suboptimally in the prevention of oral diseases in the pediatric population, and the implementation of dental disease prevention programs would have major implications for improving dental morbidity.

Dental status of children of early and preschool age in Moscow

INTRODUCTION. Conducting an epidemiological survey allows us to obtain reliable initial data on the level of prevalence and intensity of dental diseases, identify priority needs for providing all types of dental care to children, plan and implement dental programs, focusing on the initial dental status of the child population at different age periods.AIM. To study the dental status of children of early and preschool age based on data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study.MATERIALS AND METHODS. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey of the child population was conducted as part of preventive medical examinations of minors to study the dental morbidity of children of early (1–3 years) and preschool (4–6 years) age in Moscow. The study involved 1470 Moscow children aged 1 to 6 years old. The results of the survey were processed statistically.RESULTS. Data analysis showed that the indicator of the need for oral sanitation tends to increase as children grow older. A statistically significant dependence of the need for rehabilitation on the age group was revealed. The indicator of previously sanitized children is variable at different age periods. The rate of natural sanitation decreases as children grow older. A statistically significant dependence of natural sanitation on the age group was revealed. Categorical variables (absolute and relative) of the need for sanitation are higher among girls in all age groups and lower among boys. But statistically significant differences in the need for sanitation in boys and girls were observed only in the age group 1 year, 3 years and 5 years. In the age groups of 2, 4 and 6 years, there was a similar need for sanitation among boys and girls; no statistically significant differences were identified, despite the fact that categorical variables (absolute and relative indicators) indicated a higher need for sanitation of the oral cavity in girls than boys.CONCLUSIONS. Categorical (absolute and relative) variables indicate that the need for oral sanitation in girls is higher than in boys at all age periods.

Oral pathology following treatment of brain tumors in childhood

Relevance. The limited selectivity of antitumor therapy for central nervous system neoplasms entails the risk of dental morbidity in patients.The aim of the study is to assess the severity of damage to the dental hard tissues in patients with tumors of the posterior cranial fossa (medulloblastoma, astrocytoma) and other tumors of the central nervous system.Materials and methods. Three comparison groups were established based on the toxicity profiles of antitumor therapy among 251 patients at the "Russian Field" treatment and rehabilitation scientific center, to assess the characteristics of oral health status. The assessment of oral health status included diagnosing the carious process and calculating the DMFT index. The degree of damage to the dental hard tissues was evaluated on a four-point scale. The clinical manifestations of oral cavity pathology were compared using the Z-criterion for multiple pairwise comparisons of data, with adjustments for multiple testing (Multiple pairwise comparison Z-test for proportions with multiple testing correction) using the free R software version 3.5.2. The null hypothesis of equal indicators in the compared groups was rejected with a 95% confidence probability when comparing groups of patients.Results. Dental hard tissue pathology was significantly more prevalent in patients with medulloblastoma compared to those diagnosed with astrocytomas and other central nervous system tumors. Additionally, the prevalence of dental hard tissue pathology progressively decreased as the observation period following the completion of antitumor remission was extended.Conclusion. The most severe damage to dental hard tissues is observed in patients with medulloblastoma, who undergo more intensive antitumor therapy compared to those with CNS tumors of other histological types.

МАРКЕТИНГОВЫЙ ПОДХОД В УПРАВЛЕНИИ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ УСЛУГАМИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

Currently, due to market economic conditions, the efficiency of management of a medical institution has decreased. Problems of managing healthcare in general and dental services in particular, have become the subject of scientific research. Management of dental clinics remains one of the less developed sections of scientific knowledge, in terms of scale and social significance. Literary sources report the uselessness of management in socialist healthcare as such. Functions such as planning, marketing, monitoring and reengineering processes were not in demand. Therefore, most managers of dental clinics do not have experience in managing in a competitive environment. The problem of acquiring knowledge about the sociological and socio-psychological characteristics of medical teams is a necessity in the practical activities of managers of medical organizations. The purpose of the study was to review domestic and foreign literature sources to analyze the need for the concept of marketing management of dental clinics. Material and methods. A review of the available Russian and foreign scientific literature over the past 10 years has been carried out, which allows us to more fully evaluate the concepts of marketing management proposed by many authors. Results and discussion. In our opinion, the main goal of marketing management should be to consider meeting the current and potential needs of the population for dental services. The concept of marketing medical dental services impoverishes its content, since the scope of marketing activities is much wider. In our opinion, marketing management in the field of dental services is the science of organizing and regulating the system of providing services and goods in accordance with the needs of the population, aimed at maintaining and strengthening the dental health of the population, reducing dental morbidity, increasing the duration and quality of life. Conclusions. 1. The main reasons causing shortcomings and problems in the management of dental services in general have been identified. 2. The introduction of modern technologies, theoretical approaches and strategic management mechanisms that correspond to the principles of the development of market relations into the management of dental services will ensure further organizational and managerial development of dentistry.

Assessment of dental morbidity in school-going children (6–10-year-old): A cross-sectional study

Background Restricted activity days are prevalent in children with oral health problems. Oral health issues cause over 50 billion hours of education to be lost each year, which has an impact on children’s school performance and the potential for success. Mostly it is concluded that dental caries is the most common disease among individuals. In addition, it may create chronic systemic conditions in healthy individuals. In children, it may induce deformities in the growth of the unerupted teeth. This study will help identify the factors and causes of risk factors for morbidities associated with dental problems. It also includes the educational status and socioeconomic condition of their parents, which is conducted in the Wardha district of Maharashtra in the field practice of villages among children. Aim To Assess dental morbidity among schoolchildren in rural areas and their relationship with their socioeconomic status in rural areas of Wardha District. Methodology A questionnaire-based face-to-face interview was conducted in this community-based cross-sectional study to assess dental morbidity in school-going children. The study participants will be children aged 6–10 years in the rural areas of the Wardha district. The variables of this study were the sociodemographic profile, habits, and morbidities of the children.

PREVALENCE AND STRUCTURE OF DENTO-MAXILLOFACIAL ANOMALIES IN CHILDREN

The high level of dental morbidity in the children's population of Ukraine remains one of the urgent problems of modern dentistry. Dental health is largely characterized by the correctness of the structure of the mandibular system, its proper functioning and balance, and its condition is one of the preventive and quite clearly fixed indicators of health/ ill health of the human body in general. The pathology of the maxillofacial system affects not only the state of health, but also the quality of life of the patient, his emotional and social well-being.
 In this context, information on the prevalence of dentomandibular abnormalities and the overall need for orthodontic treatment is essential to provide objective information to health care stakeholders in order to make an adequate allocation of health care resources based on objective epidemiological data. In addition, dento-mandibular anomalies, which are not detected and not eliminated in childhood, in the process of growth and development of the facial skeleton over time acquire more severe forms, which become more pronounced and are less amenable to treatment. Therefore, the analysis of the prevalence and severity of ASD in children is an important stage in the process of planning preventive and therapeutic measures.
 Data from literary sources indicate a high prevalence of dento-maxillofacial anomalies among children in different age periods and depending on the characteristics of the area of residence. In particular, the results of the examination of children aged eight months to seventeen years, residents of different regions of Ukraine, given in scientific works of recent years, indicate a high prevalence of dento-jaw anomalies (41%77.9%).
 The high prevalence of dento-mandibular anomalies indicates the need for timely diagnosis at the early stages of the development of orthodontic pathology, which will contribute to timely treatment, which will subsequently be able to ensure the normal development of the child's dento-mandibular system and improve the quality of life.

АНАЛИЗ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ СРЕДИ ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА ИЗ НЕПОЛНЫХ И РАСШИРЕННЫХ СЕМЕЙ

Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of the prevalence of dental diseases in preschool children living in incomplete and extended families. In the course of the study, children from both types of families were examined for dental caries and its complications, for non-caries dental diseases. While studying periodontal diseases, were distinguished inflammatory diseases, such as catarrhal and hypertrophic gingivitis, as well as localized periodontitis, when studying diseases of the oral mucosa, we highlighted diseases of the lips, tongue and oral mucosa. When studying dentoalveolarabnomalies, we identified both abnormalities of bite, dental arches and rows, and individual teeth. 
 The subject of research is dental diseases in preschool children.
 The goal of the study is to analyze dental morbidity in children from extended and incomplete families.
 Methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of the UniDent network of dental clinics, as well as in the Fairy Tale preschool commercial institution in Kazan and municipal preschool institutions of Tatarstan Republic. A total of 222 children from 217 incomplete families and 213 children from 199 extended families of both sexes participated in the voluntary study. Examination of children included examining the child and talking with parents or guardians, filling out medical records, determining the type of family, filling out an individual card in which identified dental diseases were recorded.
 The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of dental diseases among preschool children in TR. The progression of dental diseases is observed with the age of the child. Children from incomplete families are more susceptible to the occurrence and development of dental diseases, compared with children from extended families.
 Conclusions. The findings on the disparate prevalence of dental diseases in children from incomplete and extended families suggest the presence of family type influences, which may be useful in planning prevention methods and predicting dental outcomes in children from different family types.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В ПОЛНЫХ И ВОССТАНОВЛЕННЫХ СЕМЬЯХ

Abstract. Introduction. Dental diseases in preschool children do not appear to tend downward. According to the literature, the prevalence of dental decay and its complications in preschool children reaches 70%, dental abnormalities more than 80%, and periodontal diseases and oral mucosa diseases up to 98%. There are some data described in literature, regarding how family types affect the overall incidence in children. At the same time, the impact of family type on the children dental health has not been studied a lot so far. Taking this into account, this paper provides data on dental morbidity in preschool children living in nuclear and reconstituted families. The aim of the study is to examine the pattern of prevalence of major dental diseases in preschool children living in nuclear or reconstituted families. Materials and Methods. Preschool children of different ages and their parents took part in this study. During the study, we identified reconstituted and nuclear families, the children from which families constituted the subject of the study. In total, the study examined 1,929 children from 1,842 nuclear families and 166 children from 146 reconstituted children. Results and Discussions. The study found that the most important dental diseases occur in children of the earliest age, before 1 year of life. With the passage of time and the child’s growth, their dental morbidity progresses and reaches its peak among preschool children aged 4.6-6 years. Children living in reconstituted families were significantly more susceptible to the onset and progression of major dental diseases than those from nuclear families. Conclusions. The impact of family type on dental morbidity in preschool children should be considered while planning the prevention and medical examination programs, which will help identify dental diseases at an early stage, prevent the development of complications, and optimize health care costs for the treatment and prevention of dental diseases in preschool children

Effect of the duration of temporary disability in dental diseases on the economically active population of the region: On the example of the Republic of Tatarstan

BACKGROUND: Morbidity with a temporary disability is an informative objective criterion for assessing the health status of the working population. The special literature describes data on research activities of temporary disability examination services; however, the issues of clinical and statistical analyses of the duration of temporary disability in dental diseases and factors affecting it at the regional level have not been sufficiently investigated.
 AIM: To determine the average duration of temporary disability for each class of dental morbidity at the regional level through clinical and statistical analyses.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of temporary disability established by dental medical organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan for 11 years were analyzed retrospectively. To calculate the intensive indicators, data of working patients who received dental treatment during the study period were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.
 RESULTS: The average duration of temporary disability for each class of dental morbidity in the Republic of Tatarstan was 7.02±0.09 days. In addition, the duration of temporary disability in each group of dental diseases was influenced by the following factors: type of nosology, sex and age of the patient, and doctor’s experience. The duration was statistically significantly different depending on the nosological group of dental diseases (p 0.001). The average duration of cases was the greatest in patients with developmental abnormalities and injuries of the maxillofacial region, in whom surgical treatment and follow-up were performed on an outpatient basis (12.18±1.26 and 12.16±0.36 days, respectively).
 CONCLUSION: This clinical and statistical study allows us to obtain reliable information about the state of dental morbidity in the economically active population of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is the basis for planning preventive measures, appropriate comprehensive treatment, and rehabilitation of patients.

Анализ организационно-управленческих решений и факторов риска в построении стоматологической службы России (обзор литературы)

Nowadays, the importance of efficiency in providing qualified care in the field of dentistry is gaining relevance. The literature available to us indicates that 70–90 % of the child population and 100 % of the adult population of Russia suffer from various types of disease in the field of dentistry. The purpose of the study is analytical assessment of managerial and or-ganizational decisions in building up the Russian dental service over the period from 2010 using data available in Russian literature. The organization of dental care in Russia is provided by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in accordance with the territorial-administrative affiliation of the population. In connection with the transition of the Russian Federation to a market economy, the level of budget financing of the dental industry has decreased, which has led to a significant increase in the incidence of diseases and their complications. Thus, it is necessary to develop the most rational and appropriate options for the management of dental services at the level of each individual region of Russia and a specific situation in it taken into account. These options must necessarily consider the distinctive specific features of socio-economic development of a particular region, the current level of dental morbidity of the local population and its main trends, the provision of with all necessary resources, financial stability, as well as other socio-hygienic risk factors, which have a direct impact on the overall state of dental care.

Aspects of managerial and organizational decisions in building dental services in Russia (literature review)

Nowadays, the importance of efficiency in providing qualified care in the field of dentistry is gaining relevance. The literature available to us indicates that 70–90 % of the child population and 100 % of the adult population of Russia suffer from various types of disease in the field of dentistry. The purpose of the study is analytical assessment of managerial and or-ganizational decisions in building up the Russian dental service over the period from 2010 using data available in Russian literature. The organization of dental care in Russia is provided by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in accordance with the territorial-administrative affiliation of the population. In connection with the transition of the Russian Federation to a market economy, the level of budget financing of the dental industry has decreased, which has led to a significant increase in the incidence of diseases and their complications. Thus, it is necessary to develop the most rational and appropriate options for the management of dental services at the level of each individual region of Russia and a specific situation in it taken into account. These options must necessarily consider the distinctive specific features of socio-economic development of a particular region, the current level of dental morbidity of the local population and its main trends, the provision of with all necessary resources, financial stability, as well as other socio-hygienic risk factors, which have a direct impact on the overall state of dental care.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ РТА У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ТИПА СЕМЬИ И МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕБЕНКА

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the prevalence of oral mucosa diseases in preschool children living in the Republic of Tatarstan, taking into account family type and morphofunctional development. The subject of the study is diseases of the oral mucosa in preschool children.
 The goal is to study the effect of family type on the occurrence of oral mucosal diseases in preschool children depending on their morphofunctional development.
 Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of the UniDent dental clinics chain, as well as in the «Fairy Tale» preschool commercial institution and municipal preschool institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The voluntary study involved 2,556 children of both sexes from 2,429 families. The children examined were divided into groups depending on the type of family. The study identified 5 types of families: full families, single-parent families, extended families, restored families, and replacement families.
 Results and discussion. The most vulnerable were children from the replacement families, the prevalence of which reached 100%, the least prone children from full families – 40.7%. Some of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa were acute herpes stomatitis and traumatic injuries of oral mucosa. Analysis showed that the group of 4.6–6 years recorded the highest prevalence of diseases. No significant difference was found in the study of the effect of sex on the occurrence of oral mucosa diseases.
 Conclusions. The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of oral mucosal diseases, however, the disparate prevalence of these diseases in children depending on the type of family. There were no significant gender differences in the prevalence of oral mucosal disease. The data obtained on the high prevalence of oral diseases among preschool children indicate a steady increase in dental morbidity, as well as the influence of the child's family type.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ ПЕРИАПИКАЛЬНЫХ ТКАНЕЙ СРЕДИ ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КРУПНОГО ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ГОРОДА

Chronic forms of apical periodontitis represent one of the most urgent problems of clinical dentistry, because the number of patients remains to this day, very significant, and in the structure of dental morbidity are located after pulpitis and caries in third place. There are relatively few modern data on the prevalence and incidence of chronic forms of apical periodontitis and they are often contradictory. At the same time, there are practically no data from multicenter studies among the adult population living in various cities of one of the subjects of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of chronic forms of periapical tissue diseases among the adult population of a large industrial city receiving medical care at the state budgetary healthcare institution of the regional center of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. In the conditions of the profile state medical center of A retrospective analysis of 2,168 dental outpatient records of patients with periapical tissue diseases for 2017-2022 was carried out in Yaroslavl. Based on the data obtained, the following statistical indicators were calculated: the severity of periodontal pathology and prevalence for specific annual indicators and age groups, the number of teeth with destructive forms of apical periodontitis, gender-age composition of patients with periapical tissue disease. Of all the considered registers, the most common pathologies of pulp and periapical pathology were irreversible pulpitis (34.58%) and chronic apical periodontitis (34.89%). The female sex prevailed (65.36%). According to the reviewed records, the age group that most needed endodontic treatment was 60 years and older (36.99%). The upper first molars (24.15%) and lower molars (36.71%) were most often treated, and the most common etiological factor was dental caries (84.07%). This situation requires decision makers to invest in prevention and oral health promotion programs to implement programs that ideally should be based on the real needs of the population.Keywords: prevalence, morbidity, chronic apical periodontitis, odontogenic infection.

ORAL HEALTH STATUS OF CHALDREN WITH INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS IN THE PAST MEDICAL HISTORY

Dental caries and periodontal tissue diseases remain one of the most actual problems in pediatric dentistry. There is also a trend towards an increase in the prevalence of malocclusion. Dental morbidity in children in most cases develops under the influence of both local and general factors. Somatic pathology has a particularly significant impact on the development of dental morbidity in children, caused by metabolic disorders, which serves as the pathogenetic basis for the development of diseases. Viral infection, which is widespread among children and adults, plays a significant role in the development of dental diseases. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of children with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Therefore, the assessment of oral health status in children with infectious mononucleosis will allow the development of effective means of preventing and treating diseases.
 Purpose. The purpose of the study is to assess the oral health status of children with infectious mononucleosis in the past medical history.
 Methods and Material. 240 children aged 6-15 years, including 112 children with infectious mononucleosis in the past medical history of (the main group) and 128 children of the comparison group, have been examined. The prevalence of dental caries, malocclusion and the condition of periodontal tissues were assessed in the examined children. The oral health status of children was determined in accordance with the recommendations of P.A. Leus (1991).
 Results. It has been found that in children with infectious mononucleosis in the past medical history, the prevalence of caries of permanent teeth, on average, was 73.68±3.04% with an intensity of 3.41±0.24 teeth, which was significantly higher than in children in the comparison group (65.06±2.98%; 2.53±0.22 teeth). Diseases of periodontal tissues were diagnosed in 69.8% of children in the main group and 48.7% in the comparison group. Among the periodontal diseases, chronic catarrhal gingivitis was the most common (62.7%). In children with infectious mononucleosis, malocclusion was detected, on average, in 86.36±4.22%, which is significantly higher than in the comparison group (69.23±4.27%). The oral health status of children with infectious mononucleosis aged 9 years was 70%, and 12 years 65%, and in the comparison group it was 80% and 76%, respectively.
 Conclusions. Thus, a decreased oral health status of children with infectious mononucleosis in the past medical history was found, especially in 12-year-old children, mainly due to the development of multiple dental caries and periodontal diseases. The identified dependencies indicate significant disorders of the protective mechanisms of the oral cavity, insufficiently effective oral hygiene and lack of preventive measures in children with infectious mononucleosis in the past medical history.

Life Style Factors and Morbidity Pattern of Biscuit Company Workers in Puducherry City, India

Background: The baking industry does not have a hazardous occupational environment; however, it is not free from ergonomic derangement. The biscuit factory workers are exposed to noise, heat, odor, flour dust, sugar dust, and biscuit dust Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on all males and females of more than 18 years of age among employees of a biscuit company in Puducherry City, India, who met the inclusion criteria. According to previous research, the sample size was calculated at 494. We used the simple random sampling method. The data regarding participants’ sociodemographic variables, namely dietary patterns, physical activity, and addictions (including alcohol and smoking) were recorded using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done in the SPSS software, version 28. Results: Most of the participants (41.8%) were in the productive age group (18 to 30 years). The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 62.69% and 37.31%, respectively. Skin disorders (14.2%) were shown to be the most common cause of morbidities, followed by dental morbidity at 13.4%. Meanwhile, the least of the participants were in musculoskeletal morbidity (10%). There was an association between mixed diet, physical inactivity, alcoholic and tobacco consumption, and fruit consumption of fewer than 2 days per week with noncommunicable diseases. These differences were statistically significant (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The employees of the biscuit factory are exposed to chemicals that may be linked to morbidities. The non-communicable diseases were also more prevalent among tobacco and alcohol users, suggesting more research to determine whether these behaviors were stress busters for tension and discomfort. Nearly all of the employees in the companies had undergone a sort of medical examination in recent years. This shows that the workplace has high safety and sanitary requirements.

PECULIARITIES OF TEETH ERUPTION IN THE PERIOD OF MIXED DENTITION IN CHILDREN WITH DENTAL ALVEOLAR ANOMALIES FROM POLTAVA REGION

The prevalence of dento-alveolar anomalies in the structure of dental morbidity ranks the third position following dental caries and periodontal diseases. Signs of normal teething are the following: timeliness, sequence in relation to certain groups of teeth, evenness, eruption of teeth first in the lower jaw and then in the upper jaw. The timing of the eruption for deciduous and permanent teeth can shift in one direction or another. There is a distinction between premature and delayed teething. According to the literature, there are two options for the eruption of canines and premolars: premolars appear first (at the age of 7-11 years) followed by canines, or canines can erupt first (at the age 8 to 12 years) then followed by premolars. Both patterns are independent of gender and race. The purpose of this study is to determine the timing and sequence of eruption for permanent canines and premolars in children of Poltava Region and to establish the influence of eruption timing on the development of dental alveolar anomalies.
 The results of our research have demonstrated that the most common pathology is the anomaly of the position of individual teeth, or Class I according to Angle, which is diagnosed in 77.6% (615 cases) of patients over the period of tooth change. Class II malocclusion according to Angle, or distal bite is found in 150 patients (18.9%), in 68 patients in the first period of the mixed dentition and in 82 in the second period. Mesial bite, or class III according to Angle is diagnosed in 3.4% (27) of study subjects.
 Pathology in the vertical plane, namely, a deep bite is diagnosed in 153 people, 19.31% of them have open bite, and 6.56% (52 cases) have close bite, 2.77% (22) of patients have cross bite.
 Thus, the commonest orthodontic pathology in the mixed dentition of patients with of dento-alveolar anomalies from the Poltava region is the abnormality of the position of individual teeth, or Class I pathology according to Angle. The number of patients having this diagnosis is 77.6% of all children who searched for orthodontic care at this age.
 We have not found any special relationship between the nature of teeth eruption, gender and type of dental alveolar anomaly in orthodontic patients of Poltava region during the period of tooth change.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ ПАТОЛОГИИ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ РТА У РАБОТНИКОВ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ОСОБОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ

Research subject. Diseases of the oral mucosa occupy a special place in the structure of dental morbidity due to the peculiarities of etiology and pathogenesis, a tendency to relapse, a fairly high degree of malignancy. Currently, they are considered the least studied medical and social problem of dentistry, both in our country and abroad. The objective is to assess the prevalence and structure of diseases of the oral mucosa among workers of the special economic zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. Methodology. To conduct a clinical study, the results of a comprehensive dental examination of 370 employees of the special economic zone "Alabuga" (Republic of Tatarstan, Yelabuga district) aged 22–58 years were used. The diagnosis of pathology of the oral mucosa in compliance with oncological alertness was carried out by the method of luminescent diagnostics using the OLDD-01 emitter. Statistical linear regression analysis of the data and interpretation of the results obtained were performed using IBM computer software and the SPSS software package (PASW Statistics 20). Results. In 18.7 ± 1.2% of the examined persons of the industrial enterprise, in the structure of diseases of the oral mucosa, in 8.2% of cases, chronic fissure of the vermilion border (p < 0.1) and angular cheilitis (p < 0.1) prevailed, in 2.8% oral thrush (p < 0.05), in 2.5% benign migratory glossitis (p < 0.05), in 2.2% other forms of stomatitis (p < 0.1), in 1.9% leukokeratosis (p < 0.1). As a result of the introduction of a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures, the prevalence of lesions of the oral mucosa decreased after 6 months by an average of 1.6 times (12.7%), after 12 months by 2.7 times (7.0%) and after 18 months by almost 4.7 times (4.2%). Conclusions. Thus, the use of data obtained among employees of industrial enterprises makes it possible to study the prevalence of pathology of the oral mucosa, as well as to plan the effectiveness of medical and preventive measures provided. The conduct of this study contributes to the modernization of dental medical care for employees of industrial enterprises of the special economic zone.