Dental Maturity In Children Research Articles

Novel Genetic Determinants of Dental Maturation in Children

Dental occlusion requires harmonious development of teeth, jaws, and other elements of the craniofacial complex, which are regulated by environmental and genetic factors. We performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) on dental development (DD) using the Demirjian radiographic method. Radiographic assessments from participants of the Generation R Study (primary study population, N1 = 2,793; mean age of 9.8 y) were correlated with ~30 million genetic variants while adjusting for age, sex, and genomic principal components (proxy for population stratification). Variants associated with DD at genome-wide significant level (P < 5 × 10−8) mapped to 16q12.2 (IRX5) (lead variant rs3922616, B = 0.16; P = 2.2 × 10−8). We used Fisher’s combined probability tests weighted by sample size to perform a meta-analysis (N = 14,805) combining radiographic DD at a mean age of 9.8 y from Generation R with data from a previous GWAS (N2 = 12,012) on number of teeth (NT) in infants used as proxy of DD at a mean age of 9.8 y (including the ALSPAC and NFBC1966). This GWAS meta-analysis revealed 3 novel loci mapping to 7p15.3 (IGF2BP3: P = 3.2 × 10−8), 14q13.3 (PAX9: P = 1.9 × 10−8), and 16q12.2 (IRX5: P = 1.2 × 10−9) and validated 8 previously reported NT loci. A polygenic allele score constructed from these 11 loci was associated with radiographic DD in an independent Generation R set of children (N = 703; B = 0.05, P = 0.004). Furthermore, profiling of the identified genes across an atlas of murine and human stem cells observed expression in the cells involved in the formation of bone and/or dental tissues (>0.3 frequency per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads), likely reflecting functional specialization. Our findings provide biological insight into the polygenic architecture of the pediatric dental maturation process.

Investigation of salivary biomarkers as indicators of skeletal and dental maturity in children.

Estimation of patient's skeletal maturity in orthodontics is essential for the diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential use of metabolic fingerprint of saliva for bone growth and tooth development estimation. Saliva samples from 54 young patients were analysed by an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics-based method. The skeletal maturity was calculated with the cervical vertebrae maturation method, and the dental age was estimated with the Demirjian method. Multivariate analysis and univariate analysis were performed to investigate differences within skeletal, dental and chronological age groups. Metabolomic analysis identified 61 endogenous compounds. Mannose, glucose, glycerol, glyceric acid and pyroglutamic acid levels differentiated significantly with skeletal age (P=.02 to .043), while mannose, lactic acid, glycolic acid, proline, norleucine, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, threonine, cadaverine and hydrocinnamic acid levels differed within the dental age groups (P=.018 to .04); according to the chronological age, only the levels of mannose and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid showed variation (P=.029 and .048). The principal component analysis did not manage to highlight differences between the groups of the studied parameters. Differentiated levels of mannose, glucose, glycerol, glyceric acid and pyroglutamic acid related to skeletal maturation were identified. According to dental development, the levels of mannose, lactic acid, glycolic acid, proline, norleucine, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, threonine, cadaverine and hydrocinnamic acid differed within the groups, while regarding chronological age, only the levels of mannose and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid showed variations. Further studies are required to prove their relation to skeletal and dental development pathway by applying complementary analytical techniques to wider cover the metabolome.

Dental maturity in children with celiac disease: a case\u2013control study

BackgroundCeliac disease (CD) is an immune-related enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in susceptible individuals. Oral manifestations of CD have been frequently described, although reports on dental maturity (DM) are scant. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of DM in CD patients and to test for possible predictors.MethodsThis is a case–control study of children with CD and healthy controls between 2017 and 2020. A panoramic radiograph and comprehensive oral examination were performed for each participant. Dental age (DA) was measured according to Demirjian’s method and DM was calculated by subtracting the chronological age (CA) from the DA. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the DM between CD patients and controls, and a multivariate analysis was utilized to look for predictors of DM.ResultsTwo-hundred and eight participants (104 children with CD, and 104 healthy controls) were incorporated. The mean age for CD patients was 10.67 ± 2.40 years, and 10.69 ± 2.37 years for healthy controls (P = 0.971). CD patients had a higher prevalence of delayed DM than controls (62.5% vs. 3%, respectively). They also had a greater delay in DM than controls (− 7.94 ± 10.94 vs. 6.99 ± 8.77, P < 0.001). A multivariate analysis identified age between 6 and 7 years (β ± SE = 16.21 ± 2.58, P < 0.001), as the only predictor for DM.ConclusionsCD patients had a greater prevalence of delayed DM than controls. No predictors for DM could be found, except young age.

Radiographic analysis of dental maturation in children with amelogenesis imperfecta: A case-control study.

To assess dental maturation in children with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and compare their estimated dental age with the age of non-AI children. Panoramic radiographs of children with (n=27) and without (n=54) AI were retrospectively collected in the ratio of 1:2. The former consisted of case group, while the latter figured as control group. Both groups were paired by sex and age (P>.05). Dental maturation was assessed in each radiograph using Demirjian's staging technique and Willems' method. Intra- and interexaminer reproducibility reached>0.8. The mean estimated dental age in subjects with AI was 12.5 ± 2.69 years, while in subjects without AI it was 11.73 ± 2.48 years (P=.21). The comparison of mean chronological (12.26 ± 2.6 years) and estimated dental age (12.5 ± 2.69 years) in subjects with AI did not reveal statistically significant differences (P=.38). This study highlights the similarity of dental maturation between subjects with and without AI from the radiographic perspective of crown-root formation.

The impact of β-thalassemia major on dental maturity in children at different stages of dental development (In TDJ, we do not quey for manuf details)

Purpose Assess the dental maturity in B thalassemic children at different stages of dental development. Patients and methods Fifty-four β-thalassemia patients were enrolled and classified into: group Ia, 16 patients with age range 3–6 years; group Ib, 18 patients with age 6–12 years; and group Ic, 20 patients older than 12 years. Another 25 healthy children were enrolled as controls. All involved children were subjected to clinical examination stressing on the anthropometric measures, complete blood count, serum ferritin, and oral panoramic radiograph to assess the dental age which is plotted on the charts to assess the dental age centile and dental maturity score. Results Significant differences were found between patients and control regarding serum ferritin (P = 0.001), hemoglobin level (P = 0.001), height (P = 0. 001), BMI (P = 0.009), dental age centile (P = 0.02). Dental age was positively correlated with age (P = 0.001, r = 0.9) and serum ferritin level (P = 0.009, r = 0.4). Dental age centile was negatively correlated with age (P = 0.001, r=−0.5) and serum ferritin level (P = 0.001, r=−0.6). Dental maturity score was positively correlated with age (P = 0.001, r = 0.9), age of start transfusion (P = 0.008, r = 0.4) and serum ferritin level (P = 0.002, r = 0.4).

The Effect of Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia on Dental Maturity in Children

Objective: The purpose of this study is to study the effect of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) on dental age by comparing the same in healthy children. Methods: 47 ALL patients aged between 4-14 years and 47 healthy children of the same age and sex composed the study group. Dental age of the patients was determined by Demirjian method using panoramic radiographs taken for dental purposes. To minimize the error, each radiograph was evaluated by two dentists. To determine the difference between the groups independent T-test was done. Statistical significance level was chosen as p<0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between genders in both groups in dental and chronological age, obtained from the panoramic radiographs using Demirjian method. Dental age of the children with ALL treatment was found to be statistically higher than that of the control group. For the group of patients who had both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the dental age was observed to be higher when compared to the dental age of the group who had chemotherapy only, but the difference was found to be not statistically significant. Conclusion: It is found that chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments affected the dental age of children who had ALL treatment.

Dental Maturation in Children with the Syndrome of Crouzon and Apert

Purpose : Developing teeth are used to assess maturity and estimate age in a number of disciplines. The purpose of this investigation was to study the dental maturation in children with Crouzon or Apert syndrome compared with nonsyndromic controls. Patients and Methods : Records of 40 children with Crouzon syndrome (18 boys and 22 girls, aged 4.0 to 17.9 years) and 28 children with Apert syndrome (10 boys and 18 girls, aged 3.9 to 15.1 years) were referred to the Department of Orthodontics, Cleft Palate Team and Craniofacial Team, Erasmus MC-Sophia. Data from syndromic children were compared with data from 451 nonsyndromic children (225 boys and 226 girls, aged 2.9 to 16.9 years). From panoramic radiographs, dental maturation was determined for patients with Crouzon and Apert syndromes and compared with data collected from control children. Logistic functions were constructed for dental maturation over time for syndromes and gender. Results : Statistically significant gender differences in dental maturation scores were found for girls with Crouzon (P < .05) and Apert syndrome (P < .05). Patients with Apert syndrome demonstrated a significantly delayed dental maturation (P < .05), while patients with Crouzon syndrome showed a nonsignificant delay. Conclusions : Dental maturation in patients with Apert syndrome was more delayed than in patients with Crouzon syndrome. The delay of tooth formation in patients with Crouzon or Apert syndrome suggests a possible common genetic association.

Evaluation of dental maturation in children according to sagittal jaw relationship.

Objective:The aims of this retrospective study were to determine compliance with dental and chronological ages and to analyze the relationships between dental age and orthodontic sagittal anomalies.Materials and Methods:A total of 221 subjects between the ages of 7 and 15.9 years (165 girls and 156 boys) were included in the study. The dental age of seven left mandibular teeth was assessed according to the Demirjian method. The maxillary protrusion, mandibular protrusion, maxillo-mandibular and vertical plane angles were measured from cephalometric films.Results:The mean difference between the chronological age and dental age in female patients was 0.94 years and 0.33 years in male patients (P < 0.01). No differences between the sagittal classification groups were found. There was no relationship between dental age and the SNA° or the GoGn-SN°. A statistically significant negative relationship was found between dental age and the SNB° and there was a significant linear relationship between dental age and the ANB°.Conclusion:Dental age in girls and boys has been estimated to be more advanced than chronological age in all classes and dental maturation advanced in cases with a tendency to develop Class II malocclusions.

Dental maturation in short and long facial types. Is there a difference

The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between vertical skeletal growth pattern and dental maturation in children with long or short anterior facial height. The sample consisted of the records of 312 Dutch children (153 boys and 159 girls, aged 9-12.9 years, with a mean chronological age of 11.3 years). The subjects were selected according to their lower anterior facial height as a percentage of the total facial height. Two groups, one with long and the other with short anterior facial height, were formed for further comparison. Dental age, according to Demirjian's dental maturity score, was determined for each subject. The power of the study was 79% (2-sided test) and 87% (1-sided test). There was no statistically significant difference in dental age score between the two extreme groups. The subjects with short anterior facial height demonstrated a slight tendency toward more advanced dental age. The difference in dental age between long and short facial types is not big enough to be clinically relevant.

Comparison of Dental Maturity in Children of Different Ethnic Origins: International Maturity Curves for Clinicians

Dental maturity was studied with 9577 dental panoramic tomograms of healthy subjects from 8 countries, aged between 2 and 25 years of age. Demirjian's method based on 7 teeth was used for determining dental maturity scores, establishing gender-specific tables of maturity scores and development graphs. The aim of this study was to give dental maturity standards when the ethnic origin is unknown and to compare the efficiency and applicability of this method to forensic sciences and dental clinicians. The second aim was to compare the dental maturity of these different populations. We noted an high efficiency for International Demirjian's method at 99% CI (0.85% of misclassified and a mean accuracy between 2 to 18 years +/- 2.15 years), which makes it useful for forensic purposes. Nevertheless, this international method is less accurate than Demirjian's method developed for a specific country, because of the inter-ethnic variability obtained by the addition of 8 countries in the dental database. There are inter-ethnic differences classified in three major groups. Australians have the fastest dental maturation and Koreans have the slowest.

Dental Maturation in Children with Shunt-Treated Hydrocephalus

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dental maturation and somatic development and to discover their possible deviations in children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus. Radiographs (orthopantomogram and hand-wrist radiograph) from children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus were analyzed with respect to the dental maturation and compared with values of an age- and sex-matched control group and population standards. Forty-one children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus (27 boys and 14 girls) aged from 5 to 16 years (median age 11.0 years). The mean deviation of dental age from chronological age was significantly greater in the hydrocephalic group than in the control group. The mean value of dental age deviation was advanced in early pubertal stages but reduced in later pubertal stages. These findings can be explained by changes in the endocrinological conditions, which are due to disturbed pituitary secretion. The present results could also partly reflect an adaptable developmental pathway in an otherwise strictly genetically determined process.

Dental maturity in children with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Dental age in children with a bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) was assessed and compared with children without cleft. Dental age was estimated for 74 children with a complete BCLP (54 boys and 20 girls) from 364 orthopantomograms. Nonlinear regression curves were made between 5 and 14 years of age for boys and girls separately. A comparison was made with a sample of Dutch children (91 girls and 90 boys) without oral clefts for three different age groups, namely 5, 9.5, and 14 years of age. Data collection was carried out at the Cleft Palate Center, University Medical Center Nijmegen (The Netherlands). A sample from the Nijmegen Growth Study was used as a normative sample. At 5 years of age, boys with a BCLP were significantly delayed in dental age compared to boys without cleft. After that age, no significant differences in dental age were found. For girls with a BCLP, no difference in dental age with the girls without cleft could be found. Dental age in BCLP showed a tendency to be delayed at 5 years of age. At the ages of 9.5 and 14 years of age, no differences were found. Further investigation on the development of individual teeth is suggested to gain more insight into the origin of this delay.

Dental Maturity in Children With a Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Abstract Objective: Dental age in children with a bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) was assessed and compared with children without cleft. Design: Dental age was estimated for 74 children with a complete BCLP (54 boys and 20 girls) from 364 orthopantomograms. Nonlinear regression curves were made between 5 and 14 years of age for boys and girls separately. A comparison was made with a sample of Dutch children (91 girls and 90 boys) without oral clefts for three different age groups, namely 5, 9.5, and 14 years of age. Setting: Data collection was carried out at the Cleft Palate Center, University Medical Center Nijmegen (The Netherlands). A sample from the Nijmegen Growth Study was used as a normative sample. Results: At 5 years of age, boys with a BCLP were significantly delayed in dental age compared to boys without cleft. After that age, no significant differences in dental age were found. For girls with a BCLP, no difference in dental age with the girls without cleft could be found. Conclusion: De...

Advanced dental maturity in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

The subjects of the investigation comprised 95 girls and 73 boys with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and 102 girls and 66 boys representing healthy controls, all with a chronological age from 6.3 to 14.4 yr. The dental development was assessed from panoramic radiographs using a seven-tooth model. The radiographs were evaluated on three separate occasions with a minimum interval of one month in a randomized order, and blind with respect to absence or presence of JRA. In both JRA patients and healthy controls, dental maturity was ahead of chronological age. In addition, dental maturity was significantly advanced in JRA patients with 0.26 yr in girls and 0.28 yr in boys. It is tentatively suggested that the advanced dental development in JRA patients compared with healthy children was partly an effect of treatment with cortisone, while the influence of the disorder per se remains to be elucidated.

Dental maturity in Finns and the problem of missing teeth

Development of teeth was studied from 2483 dental panoramic tomograms of 1651 healthy Finns ranging in age from 2 to 25 years. Dental maturity was assessed using a method based on developmental stages of 7 left mandibular teeth. We give sex-specific tables of maturity scores as a function of ages and of ages as a function of maturity scores. Also generated are percentile graphs for visual evaluations of dental maturity in children and adolescents. Since maturity scales do not tolerate any missing data, a great limitation for their use, we have developed linear regression models for predicting the formation stages of each of the 7 mandibular teeth. It was easiest to predict the formation stage of the mandibular first molars (correct in 87% within the study material) and most difficult to predict second molars and second premolars (correct in 69% and 70%, respectively). We expect the data and formulae presented in this study to prove useful in research and in clinical and forensic dentistry.

Dental maturity in children of short stature-a two-year longitudinal study of growth hormone substitution

The aim of this investigation was to present the 2-year follow-up results of a longitudinal study examining the influence of growth hormone (GH) substitution on dental maturity in healthy children of short stature (height <2 SD). At baseline, the children were divided into a GH-deficient group and a GH non-deficient group, and comparisons were made with healthy controls (height between -2 SD and 2 SD) and between the short stature groups. The GH-substituted group included 24 children (8 F, 16 M) with a mean chronological age of 12.20 ± 2.40 years, whereas the GH non-substituted group included 19 children (5 F, 14 M) with a mean chronological age of 11.00 ± 2.40 years. The corresponding age- and sex-matched control groups constituted 48 and 36 children, respectively. The mean dental age in the GH-substituted group was 11.60 ± 2.70 years, compared to their healthy controls 12.40 ± 2.60 years (P < 0.05). The dental age for the GH non-substituted children was 10.20 ± 2.60 years compared to their controls 11.90 ± 2.60 years (P < 0.001). GH-substituted children show an acceleration in their dental maturity in contrast to controls, whereas in non-substituted children the acceleration is less pronounced.

Dental maturity in children of short stature, with or without growth hormone deficiency

The aim of this investigation was to study dental maturity in healthy prepubertal children of short stature (height<-2 SD), with or without growth hormone (GH) deficiency, compared to healthy controls. The GH-deficient group (GH level<10.0 microg/l) included 29 children (11 female, 18 male) with a mean age of 10.2+/-2.2 years. The GH non-deficient group consisted of 17 children (5 female, 12 male) with a mean age of 8.5+/-2.1 years. All the children were evaluated for serum concentrations of IGF-1, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triiodthyronin (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and fasting plasma insulin; height and bone age were also recorded. Dental maturity was determined from panoramic radiographs. The mean difference between the dental and chronological ages was -0.67+/-0.89 years in the GH-deficient group compared to 0.23+/-1.07 years in their controls: in the GH non-deficient group the difference was -0.95+/-0.82 years compared to controls 0.16+/-1.06 years in their controls. Compared to chronological age, both bone and dental age were lower in the GH-deficient and GH non-deficient groups. It is concluded that children of short stature, both GH-deficient and GH non-deficient. exhibit a delayed dental age compared to their chronological age- and sex-matched controls. A multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the sitting height and GH level were the only significant factors associated with dental maturity.

Dental enamel defects and dental maturity in children and adolescents with coeliac disease: L. Aine Proc. Finn. Dent. Soc. 1986;82(suppl III): 1–71

Dental enamel defects and dental maturity in children and adolescents with coeliac disease: L. Aine Proc. Finn. Dent. Soc. 1986;82(suppl III): 1–71