Dental Index Research Articles

Dentin-pulp complex reactions in conventional and radiation-related caries: A comparative study.

BackgroundRadiation-related caries (RRC) is one of the most significant oral toxicities of head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT); however, the potential of radiation to directly cause harmful dentin and pulpal effects and impair response to caries progression is controversial.Material and MethodsTherefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the reactions of the dentin-pulp complex in teeth affected by RRC. Patients and methods: Twenty-two carious teeth extracted from 22 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients were divided into control (conventional caries; n=11) and irradiated (RRC; n=11) groups and paired matched by dental homology, clinical patterns of caries progression following the Post-Radiation Dental Index (PRDI) and microscopic depth of carious invasion. Histopathological characteristics based on morphological hierarchy, cell populations of dental pulp, blood vessels, neural elements, extracellular matrix components, inflammation, patterns of carious invasion and reactionary dentin presence were evaluated by optical light microscopy and histomorphometry.ResultsMean PRDI scores were 3.2 for the control group and 3.8 for the irradiated group. Dentin demineralization patterns were also similar between the groups and the mean depths of demineralization were 1,158.58µm and 1,056.89µm for the control and irradiated groups, respectively.ConclusionsPulp histopathological changes and dentin reaction patterns were similar between groups and varied according to the PRDI scores and carious lesions depth. Dentin and pulp reactions are highly preserved in RRC teeth. Key words:Cancer, radiotherapy, radiation-related caries, teeth, pulp.

Analysis of the permanent teeth lesions upon carious process in other dental diseases

The article presents the results of the analysis of dental treatment indices in patients of the City Advisory Dental Clinic (CADC) in Chernivtsi during 2013–2017. The given data testify to the significant changes upon caries lesions within each passing year. The annual increase in the rate of tooth extraction among able-bodied residents of Chernivtsi, complications of caries, an increase in the incidence of pulpitis, periodontitis and insufficient organization of prevention is observed.The purpose of the work is to analyze the state of therapeutic treatment in the structure of dental care in the surveyed population of the Chernivtsi oblast on the basis of the CADC data in Chernivtsi for the period of 2013–2017.Material and methods. The analysis of the daily records of the work of the doctor-dentist (Ф № 037/о) and the dentist’s diary (F № 039–2/o) of CADC staff work in Chernivtsi during the years 2013–2017 was carried out. Statistical data processing and graphical analysis were performed using the Microsoft Exсel computer program.Results. According to our observations, the prevalence of the disease of dental and oral cavity among surveyed population groups in Chernivtsi oblast over the years of 2013–2017 is about 95%.Conclusions. Thus, for today, the tendency of growth rate of caries prevalence among the population of Chernivtsi region has been clearly established. In particular, we have found a tendency to increase loss of teeth due to complications of caries process. All this indicates the need to study and implement recommendations for the rational and effective treatment of carious lesions among the population of the Chernivtsi region, as well as to provide reasoned justification for the choice of modern dental filling material during treatment, taking into account peculiarities of the progress of carious process. In our opinion, the main reason for this is the lack of motivation of the population to maintain dental health, as well as the problem of adequate and rational treatment and prevention of carious lesions.

Validity assessment of quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) for the dental plaque scoring system: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the dental plaque indices measured using quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) and conventional clinical indices that assess gingival status.MethodsFrom among the patients who visited Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 33 adults in their 20s who had relatively even teeth were selected for full-mouth QLF-D imaging. The images were used to analyze the QLF-D score and the QLF-D ΔR score. As clinical indices, the gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and patient hygiene performance (PHP) index were measured. The correlations between the QLF-D score and QLF-D ΔR score and each clinical index were analyzed. Analyses were performed comparing the indices of maxillary and mandibular teeth, the teeth on right and left sides of the mouth, anterior and posterior teeth, and buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth. Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted (p < 0.05).ResultsThe mean full-mouth QLF-D score was highly correlated with the GI, BOP, PPD, PHP index (p < 0.01). The mean full-mouth QLF-D score showed the highest correlation with GI (r = 0.749) and the lowest correlation with PPD (r = 0.683). The correlations between the QLF-D score were higher in the mandible than in the maxilla and in the anterior teeth than in the posterior teeth, while no significant differences were seen between the buccal and lingual surfaces of tooth.ConclusionsThis study concluded that the correlations between the plaque indices measured for each tooth surface area using QLF-D and the clinical indices assessed were significantly high, and it allowed objective determination of the gingival status. Therefore, the plaque index measured using QLF-D may be used as an alternative to supplement the shortcomings of conventional clinical indices for educating patients about plaque control and continued patient oral care.

Effects of Smoking and Lipid Profile of the Patient on the Onset and Maintenance of Periodontal Disease

The purpose of our study is to determine the correlation between the effects of smoking, triglycerides and cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL) and periodontal disease. 90 patients, smokers diagnosed with periodontal disease and 30 nonsmoker patients (control group), in the age of 30-60 years, were studied. Patients were divided into 4 groups, each of 30 patients as follows: group I - smokers up to 10 cigarettes a day, group II-smokers between 10-20 cigarettes a day, group III-over 20 cigarettes a day, group IV- control group, nonsmokers. The values of the Silness-Loe dental plaque index (DPI), the gingival bleeding index (GI), the Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) -Ramfjord were noted in both the examined and control groups. The values of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol showed statistically significant difference between the mean values �in the examined groups, while mean values �of HDL cholesterol in the second and third examined subgroups and control group were in higher range than the normal one. We concluded also that there is a relationship between smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked and the periodontal disease.

Frequency of the beginning and features of the course of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in dogs

Out of all diseases of organs and systems of teeth disease in dogs is a group of diseases, the symptoms of which are most often observed only when the process involves not only teeth, but also the tissues surrounding them. Paronodopathies deserve special attention, among which chronic catarrhal gingivitis is a polietiological disease in which pathogenesis has a major role in the microorganisms of the oral cavity of dogs, odontogenic deposits in the form of plaque and dental stone. The disease can be complicated by loss of teeth, deformation, reduced functionality of the tooth-jaw system, the formation of chronic diseases in the body, sensitization and development of various forms of somavtic pathology. It has been established that among surgical diseases of dogs gingivitis is most often detected, which is 31.7%. Among the various forms of gingivitis, the largest percentage is the chronic catarrhal gingivitis, which is registered in 47.5% of dogs, mostly dwarf breed. Somewhat less, namely 20.3%, is acute catarrhal gingivitis, 11.9% is chronic hypertrophic and 8.5% is chronic ulcerative gingivitis. The disease is appeared by galitis, disturbance in the intake of food, edema, bleeding of the gums, lesions of the clear papillae, dental plaque with anthrax, formation of pseudocysts. For the objectivity of disease information, clinical manifestations are presented in the form of numerical expressions and dental indexes. It has been established that chronic catarrhal gingivitis in dogs is characterized by an increase in the number of microorganisms in the biotope of the oral cavity, which contribute to the development of inflammation in the gums.

Melatonin as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of periodontitis associated with obesity.

To study the effect of adjunctive systemic administration of melatonin to standard mechanical periodontal therapy in obese rats with experimental periodontitis. In 42 Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 180g., half (n=21) were fed with a high-fat diet to induce obesity. In both obese and normal-weight groups, experimental periodontitis was subsequently induced through oral gavages with a combination of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Both groups were randomly allocated to either no treatment or periodontal treatment consisting on standard mechanical debridement, with either adjunctive chlorhexidine or melatonin. Outcomes were evaluated by the changes in clinical parameters (probing depth modified gingival index, plaque dental index and bleeding on probing [BOP]), in bone resorption and in the levels of biomarkers in plasma and in gingival tissue (inflammatory cytokines, insulin, leptin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin and lipids). In the obese-periodontitis group, adjunctive melatonin administration resulted in reduced gingival inflammation and BOP, with significant reductions in probing depth and enhanced bone repair demonstrated by micro-CT (15% reduction in alveolar bone destruction) when compared with the same group treated with adjunctive CHX or the normal-weight rats with either melatonin or CHX. In this melatonin-treated obese-periodontitis group, a significant impact on biochemical biomarkers was also demonstrated in both gingival and plasma samples, when compared with the other groups, with significant reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adjunctive melatonin therapy significantly reduced alveolar bone loss and exerted a protective anti-inflammatory effect mainly in those experimental animals affected by the co-morbidity of periodontitis and obesity.

Oral symptoms and oral health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease from predialysis to posttransplantation.

This prospective follow-up cohort study analyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients' oral symptoms, health habits, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), from predialysis to posttransplantation. A simplified questionnaire method (Oral Health Quality Score, OHQS), based on these and clinical findings, was constructed and tested for identifying patients in need for referral to a dentist. Fifty-three CKD patients were followed up for a mean of 10.3years. Clinical oral, radiological, and salivary examination was performed at baseline and posttransplantation. Total Dental Index (TDI) indicating inflammation was calculated. The patients filled out a questionnaire on symptoms, oral hygiene and health care habits, smoking, alcohol use, and medication. General health-related quality of life was assessed with the 15-dimensional (15D) instrument at posttransplantation. Descriptive and analytical methods were used in statistics. OHQS significantly correlated with high TDI (p = 0.017), number of teeth (p = 0.031), and unstimulated salivary flow rate (p = 0.001) in transplanted patients. Number of daily medications showed a negative correlation with the OHQS (r = - 0.30; p = 0.028). The prevalence of oral symptoms was slightly, but not significantly, more common posttransplantation compared with predialysis stage. OHQS identified patients with high oral inflammatory score thus confirming our study hypothesis. Use of OHQS and measuring salivary flow indicate patients at risk for oral diseases. These markers might be easy to use chair-side also by auxiliary personnel.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Mothers of Preschool Children About Oral Health in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Health-related behaviors are influenced by knowledge and awareness, with oral health being no exception. It is well-known that oral diseases are influenced by social determinants. There is an association between the oral health knowledge of mothers and the status of their children’s oral health. In Qatar, the knowledge and practices of oral health in preschool children have not been previously reported. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and related practices of mothers of preschool children about oral health in Qatar. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed by the principals of kindergarten to mothers of children attending 16 government kindergartens in Qatar. The questionnaire included 38 close-ended questions grouped into nine categories, addressing different aspects of knowledge and practices related to early childhood oral health. The questionnaire was constructed in English, before being translated into Arabic, which is the local language in Qatar. The questionnaire instrument was pre-tested on mothers with demographic characteristics matching the main population. These participants were not included in the main study. The questionnaire study was associated with a clinical epidemiological study to assess dental caries and enamel defects of the sampled children. The dmft caries index (decayed, missing and filled teeth) was used for that purpose according to the World Health Organization criteria. For the questionnaire administered to mothers with clinical survey variables, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between the measures of oral health status (dmft, Dental index) and mothers’ oral health knowledge and practices. A total of 48% mothers thought that children should have their teeth brushed from the age of three years and 42% chose younger than two years as a starting age for brushing. More than half (54%) of the mothers thought that children should not have their teeth flossed. In general, no significant statistical association was found between dmft and any other variables, except for whether or not the child had visited the dentist. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between the measures of oral health status (dmft, DI) and mothers’ oral health knowledge and practices. After controlling for the other independent variables included in this model, the test of the model was not statistically significant, which indicated that none of the variables represent a significant risk for occurrence of caries. The only exception was whether or not the child had visited the dentist (odds ratio = 2.51, 95% confidence interval 1.091–5.774). Despite the existence of good knowledge of oral health care, there were deficiencies in the oral health care provided to children. This may reflect that seeking dental care is either not very important or it is challenging to obtain access to a child-friendly dentist in the public health system in Qatar. The results of this study suggest that there is a need for an oral health promotion program to fill the gaps in knowledge for mothers regarding oral health care for young children.

PSS55 - COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATED LOCAL TREATMENTS OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS AND CHRONIC GINGIVITIS

Optimization of therapy and prophylaxis of generalized periodontitis (GP) and chronic gingivitis (CG) by improvement of extemporal medicines in rinse and gel forms for topical treatment. Pharmacoeconomic and comparative analysis of treatment schemes effectiveness for existing mechanical/instrumental therapy and modified complexes for patients with periodontal diseases with presence comorbidities before local treatment and one month after for two patient groups with GP/CG main (25 person –modified complexes) and comparison (23 person–based treatment). Were developed improved extemporal medicine complexes for treatment of periodontal diseases for patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Effective minimum and maximum value of ingredients were analyzed and optimal proportions of ingredients were chosen. Before treatment, level of dental indexes of patients in corresponding subgroups of the main and comparison group did not differ significantly (p> 0.05). By adding of new components we provide anti-inflammatory, capillary-membrane-stabilizing, wound-healing, anti-allergic, immune-modulating and hepatic-protective activity. Were ensured antimicrobial and antifungal activity of modified forms (min increase - 5,9%, max - 38,9%), increase saliva secretion rate to 2,08 ml/min, reducing its viscosity to 1,42 mPa×c, which is especially important for patients with HCV and IDA. After treatment, periodontal indexes PBI and PDI were significantly lower (min decrease - 19,6%, max - 54,3%), in main group relative to the corresponding indicators of comparison group (p<0.05). This indicates positive effect of the use of modified complex for treatment and prophylaxis of chronic gingivitis and generalized periodontitis for patients with presence comorbidities. In spite of increasing cost of one dose the remission period increased twice (from 3 to 6 months).

Juvenile dermatomyositis: is periodontal disease associated with dyslipidemia?

BackgroundAssociation between periodontal disease and dyslipidemia was recently reported in healthy adults. However, a systematic evaluation of concomitant periodontal diseases and lipid profile was not carried out in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM).A cross-section study was performed in 25 JDM patients and 25 healthy controls, assessing demographic data, periodontal evaluation, fasting lipoproteins and anti-lipoprotein lipase antibodies. Disease parameters, laboratorial tests and treatment were also evaluated in JDM patients.ResultsThe mean current age was similar in patients and controls (11.5 ± 3.75 vs. 11.2 ± 2.58 years,p = 0.703). Regarding lipid profile, the median triglycerides [80(31–340) vs. 61(19–182)mg/dL,p = 0.011] and VLDL[16(6–68) vs. 13(4–36)mg/dL,p = 0.020] were significantly higher in JDM patients versus controls. Gingival vasculopathy pattern was significantly higher in the former group (60% vs. 0%,p = 0.0001), as well as the median of gingival bleeding index (GBI) [24.1(4.2–69.4) vs. 11.1(0–66.6)%,p = 0.001] and probing pocket depth (PPD) [1.7(0.6–2.4) vs.1.4(0–2.12)mm,p = 0.006]. Comparison between JDM patients with and without dyslipidemia revealed that the median of dental plaque index (PI) [100(26.7–100) vs. 59(25–100)%,p = 0.022], PPD[1.9(0.6–2.4) vs. 1.4(1.2–1.8)mm,p = 0.024] and clinical attachment level (CAL) [1.31(0.7–1.7) vs. 0.8(0.6–1.7)mm,p = 0.005] were significantly higher in patients with dyslipidemia. Further analysis between JDM patients with and without gingivitis revealed that the median of current age [12.4 (8.3–18.4) vs. 9.2 (5.5–17.5) years, p = 0.034] and disease duration [7.09 ± 3.07 vs. 3.95 ± 2.1 years, p = 0.008] were significantly higher in the former group.ConclusionOur study showed that gingival inflammation seems to be related to dyslipidemia in JDM patients, suggesting underlying mechanisms for both complications.

Feasibility of ICDAS and Post-Radiation Dental Index in Assessing Radiation-Related Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and Post-Radiation Dental Index (PRDI) in radiation-related caries (RRC).

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ КОМПЛЕКСА ЛЕЧЕБНЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО ГИНГИВИТА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ГАСТРОДУОДЕНИТОМ

Subject. The article presents clinical, biochemical, immunological and microbiological results of a complex of therapeutic measures of chronic gingivitis in patients with chronic gastroduodenitis.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of treatment of chronic gingivitis in patients with chronic gastroduodenitis with the use of the proposed method.&#x0D; Methodology. The subject of the study was 155 persons aged 19 to 25 years with diagnosed chronic gingivitis and chronic gastroduodenitis, which were divided by stratified randomization into three groups: 1 group (primary) - 52 patients; 2 group (positive control) - 52 patients; Group 3 (negative control) - 51 patients. All groups were comparable in age (F = 2,355, p = 0,092) and sex (χ2 = 2,133, p = 0,334).&#x0D; To study the state of free radical oxidation, the method of chemiluminescence (CL) of the oral liquid was applied on the device HL-003. The quantitative and qualitative content of oral microflora was determined using nutrient media: CHROMagar Orientation, CHROMagar Candida (France). The concentration in the oral fluid of the intercellular adhesion molecules sICAM-1 was carried out on the automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer Lazurit and test systems manufactured by Vector-Best CJSC (Russia) and eBioscience (Austria).&#x0D; Results. The use of the complex proposed by us significantly improved the parameters of the clinical examination (dental indices). In addition, the state of free-radical oxidation has normalized: at previously increased values of the light-emission sum (S) and its maximum value (I max), during the time of the study, their decrease occurred, while the lowered values - the increase to the level of normal values. The level of microorganisms of the orange and red complex decreased to normal levels, and the level of sICAM-1 also significantly decreased.&#x0D; Conclusions. The scheme of treatment of chronic gingivitis with the use of NUTRIEL with laminaria and tooth elixir with chlorophyll in patients with chronic gastroduodenitis led to an increase in the duration of remission compared with the traditional treatment regimen.

Activity of rheumatoid arthritis correlates with oral inflammatory burden.

To study oral health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with emphasis on disease activity and treatment of RA. In this prospective cohort study 81 RA patients [53 early untreated RA (EURA) and 28 chronic RA (CRA) patients with inadequate response to synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)], underwent rheumatological [Disease Activity Score (28-joint) DAS28] and dental examinations [Total Dental Index (TDI), Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces (DMFS)]. For controls, 43 volunteers were examined. After the examinations, EURA patients started treatment with synthetic DMARDs, oral and intra-articular glucocorticoids. CRA patients were candidates for biological DMARDs. The patients were re-examined mean 16 months later. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression. TDI was higher in both RA groups at baseline compared to controls [EURA: 2 (2-3); CRA: 2 (1-3); controls 1 (1-3), p = 0.045]. DMFT [rs 0.561 (p = 0.002)] and DMFS [rs 0.581 (p = 0.001)] associated with DAS28 at baseline in CRA patients. After follow-up, DAS28 associated positively with DMFT [rs 0.384 (p = 0.016)] and DMFS [rs 0.334 (p = 0.038)] in EURA patients; as well as in CRA patients DMFT [rs 0.672 (p = 0.001)], DMFS [rs 0.650 (p = 0.001)]. RA patients already in the early phase of the disease had poorer oral health compared to controls. The caries indices associated with the activity of RA in both patient groups. Oral status may thus contribute to the development and further relate to the activity of RA.

The Prevalence of Dental Caries in 18 to 30 years Individual Associated with Socio-economic status in an Outpatient Population Visiting a Hospital in Chennai

The prevalence and incidence of dental caries in a population is influenced by a number of risk factor such as sex, age, socioeconomic status, dietary patterns and oral hygiene habits. Thus the present study was designed to assess the prevalence of dental caries in 18 to 30 year old individuals associated with their socio-economic status in an outpatient population visiting a tertiary care dental hospital in Chennai. To determine the prevalence of dental caries in the specific age group of 18 to 30 years associated with varying socio-economic status. This study is to show how the socio-economic status of the individual will affect their dental caries occurrence. The study group comprised of 100 patients that visited a tertiary care dental hospital in Chennai as outpatients. The data obtained are their dental caries indices (DMFT), sex and economic status. The results later will be analyzed based on their income categories and dental caries indices. In medium socioeconomic status patients, most of the patients had DMFT score of 0. There were no DMFT score more than 1 from this range of socioeconomic status patients. From the data collected, the average DMFT score for low income patients is 3.4 and average for the medium income patients is 0.0. More campaigns and programs need to be done in order to raise awareness in low income family regarding the oral hygiene and thus decrease the DMFT score in community. Health workers and dental profession have the most important role in community to change the quality of dental health in developing countries such as India.

Melatonin expression in periodontitis and obesity: An experimental in-vivo investigation.

Melatonin deficiency has been associated with obesity and systemic inflammation. This study aims to evaluate whether melatonin could interfere with the mechanisms of co-morbidity linking obesity and periodontitis. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided in 4 groups: control group (Con) (fed with standard diet); high-fat diet group (HFD) (fed with a diet containing 35.2% fat); Con group with induced periodontitis (Con-Perio) and HFD group with induced periodontitis (HFD-Perio). To induce periodontitis, the method of oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC W83K1 and Fusobacterium nucleatum DMSZ 20482 was used. Circulating melatonin levels were analyzed by multiplex immunoassays. Periodontitis was assessed by alveolar bone loss (micro-computed tomography and histology) and by surrogate inflammatory outcomes (periodontal pocket depth, modified gingival index and plaque dental index). Plasma melatonin levels were significantly decreased (P<.05) in the obese rats with periodontitis when compared with controls or with either obese or periodontitis rats. Alveolar bone loss increased 27.71% (2.28 µm) in HFD-Perio group compared with the Con group. The histological analysis showed marked periodontal tissue destruction with osteoclast activity, particularly in the HFD-Perio group. A significant negative correlation (P<.05) was found between periodontal pocket depth, modified gingival index and circulating melatonin levels. Obese and periodontitis demonstrated significantly lower melatonin concentrations when compared with controls, but in obese rats with periodontitis these concentrations were even significantly lower when compared with either periodontitis or obese rats. These results may indicate that melatonin deficiency could be a key mechanism explaining the co-morbidity effect in the association between obesity and periodontitis.

Analysis of changes in biochemical parameters of oral liquid under the influence of lecithin-calcium complex in young patients with multiple caries

Given the high prevalence of dental caries, it is important to find new means and methods of prevention. At present preparations of natural origin, such as lecithin and calcium citrate, are widely used. The aim was to study the lecithin-calcium complex effect on the oral fluid biochemical parameters of individuals with multiple dental caries. Materials and methods. 85 KhNMU Dental Faculty students-volunteers were examined. Groups of participants were formed depending on the dental caries intensity level index value for the oral fluid biochemical parameters determination (degree of oral dysbiosis, antioxidant-prooxidant index) in patients before and after the start of the lecithin-calcium complex treatment course. Results. In persons with multiple dental caries the degree of dysbiosis is 3 times higher than normal, the concentration of calcium decreases by 1.5 times and the antioxidant-prooxidant index reduces by 2 times. After lecithin-calcium complex treatment course the dysbiosis degree decreases almost by 8 times, the concentration of calcium and API return to normal. This indicates the ability of the lecithin-calcium complex to regulate the oral cavity microbiocenosis and restore antioxidant-prooxidant indices. Conclusions. In patients with multiple dental caries the phenomena of the oral cavity dysbiosis, a decrease in the protective antioxidant system level and a decrease in the oral fluid calcium concentration are observed. The lecithin-calcium complex intake during the month completely eliminated the phenomenon of dysbiosis in the oral cavity, increased the antioxidant-prooxidant system level and the oral fluid calcium concentration to normal.

Dental plaque disclosure as an auxiliary method for infants' oral hygiene.

This was to evaluate the effectiveness of plaque disclosure as an auxiliary method for early childhoods' oral hygiene. The study was performed with 20 mothers and their children (aged 6-36months), members of a preventive programme, which two groups used one of two approaches: conventional oral hygiene/group I (tooth brushing) and plaque disclosure with subsequent oral hygiene/group II (tooth brushing with prior plaque disclosure). Ten mothers started the study in group I and the other 10 in group II, after one month interval they changed to be in the alternate group. Each group consisted of baseline and three additional visits at weekly intervals. The effectiveness of oral hygiene was assessed in a blind fashion by plaque quantity estimation, using the Green Vermilion index for smooth surfaces and the plaque thickness index for occlusal surfaces. Statistical comparisons were performed using repeated measures ANOVA/Fisher's post hoc test and paired t-test (p < 0.05). For smooth and occlusal surfaces at first and second visits, group II recorded significantly lower plaque indices when compared with group I. Additionally, when considering the mean dental plaque index of all visits, group II also presented lower plaque scores than group I. Dental plaque disclosure before toothbrushing helps mothers to enhance the effectiveness of early childhood oral hygiene. RBR-7fyc7g; Avaliação do Treinamento e de Métodos Auxiliares na Efetividade da Escovação Dentária Materna em Bebês. Where the full trial protocol can be accessed: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov .

Periodontal Condition and Immunological Aspects of Individuals Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit.

There are few studies on the clinical and immunological periodontal status of intensive care unit (ICU) in-patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal condition among ICU in-patients through clinical and immunological periodontal parameters. From the sample of 373 hospitalized ICU patients, 182 were submitted' to a thorough clinical periodontal and immunological evaluation. Data on bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were collected and gingival sulcular fluid samples were quantified through ELISA on IL-1, IL-6, and MMP-2 for immunological evaluation. Data was statistically analyzed by Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney tests, and Sperman's correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A high dental plaque index and a high prevalence of periodontitis (48.3%), mostly in moderate and localized chronic form, were observed. Individuals with periodontitis presented higher levels of IL-1 and MMP-2, while individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and individuals with two or more systemic diseases (MSD) presented higher levels of IL-1; diabetes mellitus (DM) and MSD individuals presented higher levels of IL-6. A positive association was found between the severity of periodontitis and CVD (OR 2.2; CI = 1.11-4.42). This study reported a 48.3% of the prevalence of periodontitis in ICU patients and a positive association between the severity of periodontitis and CVD. Additionally, higher levels of IL-1 and MMP-2 were found in individuals with periodontitis, higher levels of IL-6 were found in individuals with DM, and higher levels of IL-1 were found in individuals with CVD.

PHS138 - The Effectiveness of Integrated Treatment of Generalized Periodontitis for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

Optimization of local treatment of generalized periodontitis (GP) for patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Comparative analysis of dental indexes (PBI; PDI) dynamics for two patient groups with HCV: main (25 person – modified treatment, additionally provide immune-modulating and hepatic-protective activity) and comparison (23 person – based treatment) before treatment and one month after treatment of GP. Each group was divided into two subgroups depending on diagnoses – GPI (probing depth 0-3mm) and GPII (probing depth 4-6mm). Before treatment, level of periodontal indexes of patients in corresponding subgroups of main and comparison group did not differ significantly (p> 0.05). One month after treatment: Values of РВІ index significantly decreased in all subgroups. Comparison of РВІ indices showed great РВІ decrease in main group. In subgroup with GPI in main group, РВІ decreased by 37,31% (from 2.01 ± 0.07 to 1.26 ± 0.02), in subgroup with GPI of comparison group – by 18,91% (from 2.01 ± 0.07 to 1.63 ± 0.02). In subgroups with GPII, reduction rates were 53,33% (from 3,30 ± 0,08 to 1,54 ± 0,01) in main group and 42,38% (3.28 ± 0.08 to 1.89 ± 0.02) in comparison group. For main group patients decrease of PDI was significantly higher than in comparison group (p <0.05). In patient subgroups with GPI index PDI decreased by 54.07% (2.70 ± 0.13 to 1.24 ± 0.04) in main group and by 47.55% (2.65 ± 0.11 to 1.39 ± 0 , 02) in comparison group; in subgroups with GPII - by 40,87% (4,16 ± 0,16 to 2,46 ± 0,01) and 34,72% (4,09 ± 0,17 to 2,67 ± 0,01), respectively. After treatment, periodontal indexes were significantly lower in all subgroups of main group than in comparison group (p<0.05). This indicates positive effect of modified treatment use for patients with HCV.

REHABILITATION MEASURES OF DENTAL DIRECTION IN PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN SANATORIUM-RESORT CONDITIONS

Physiotherapeutic procedures normalize physicochemical processes at the cellular and molecular levels. The complex application of natural factors for reducing the interference of the leading pathological focus and deviations of other localization, including the maxillofacial region is actual. The purpose of the study is the development of a therapeutic and prophylactic dental complex for patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) staying in sanatorium. Material and methods. 30 patients with JRA in the Evpatoriya were examined. Patients of the comparison group receved standart therapy. Patients of the main group additionally received bioresonance stimulation (BRS) of the collar zone and projection of large salivary glands; the oral cavity was rinsed with a solution of the brine from Saky’s Lake. Dental indices, rate of salivation, saliva viscosity, cortisol and ACTH in oral fluid and blood were determined. Results. The effectiveness of dental care in resort conditions was noted in both groups, but the reduction of rate of salivation and viscosity of oral fluid was more dynamic (on 31,58% and 15,6%), reflecting the ability of the BRS to regulate functional activity salivary glands. Cortisol in the OF decreased, which indirectly indicated the physiological activity of the excretory apparatus of the salivary glands at the level of transport molecular metabolism. Conclusions. Staying patients with JRA in the sanatorium-resort conditions in Evpatoriya has a general health effect. “Small” balneotherapy of the brine from Saky’s Lake improves oral hygiene. BRS-therapy restores the functional activity of salivary glands, promotes regulation of cortisol and ACTH levels. Providing rehabilitation dental care for patients with JRA, in the conditions of the resort is justified.