Dental Implant Treatment Research Articles

The proceedings of the 23rd Congress of the Iranian Academy of Periodontology: New Approaches in Periodontal and Dental Implant Treatment

The proceedings of the 23rd Congress of the Iranian Academy of Periodontology: New Approaches in Periodontal and Dental Implant Treatment

The Effect of Vitamins and Minerals on Dental Implants: A Review

Aims: The focus of this review study was to examine and analyze the impact of vitamins and minerals on dental implants. Methods and Material: In order to obtain information on the effects of vitamins and minerals on dental implants, a group of existing articles was thoroughly examined for their findings. This examination process involved the selection of specific articles that met the necessary criteria to be included in the analysis, which were then subjected to an extensive review process. The duration of this review process was over a time span of 11 years, starting from the year 2011 and concluding in the year 2022. Results: A total of 23 articles were included in the study, consisting of 9 clinical studies, 6 animal studies, 1 laboratory study, and 7 reviews. Clinical studies were limited due to uncertain results regarding the impact of vitamins and minerals on DIT, with most focusing on vitamin D levels rather than other nutrients. Conclusions: It has been concluded that vitamins and minerals play an important role in forming bone tissue. The lack of these essential elements may result in several diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. It is therefore recommended to increase the levels of vitamins and minerals in patients before undergoing dental implant treatment (DIT), even though the quality of the patient's bone can also impact the success of the implant. Consequently, the patient's diet should be modified, and essential supplements and vitamins should be administered to ensure optimal implant success.

The Biological Impact of Residual Aluminum Particles on Sand-Blasted Dental Implant Surfaces: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies

(1) Background: The use of alumina particles for surface treatment of dental implants is a common practice aimed at enhancing osseointegration. However, the biological effects of residual alumina particles on implant surfaces remain a subject of debate. This systematic review evaluates the impact of residual alumina particles on the osseointegration, biocompatibility, and bacterial adhesion of dental implants based on available in vivo experimental animal studies. (2) Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify relevant studies. The inclusion criteria focused on experimental animal studies that assessed the biological effects of alumina-blasted dental implants. Data extraction was carried out, and quality assessments were performed using the SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool. (3) Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, involving various animal models, such as rabbits, pigs, dogs, and sheep. The findings demonstrated that residual alumina particles did not negatively impact osseointegration. Some studies reported accelerated bone growth and improved osseointegration with residual alumina. Additionally, residual alumina showed potential bactericidal properties, reducing bacterial adhesion. (4) Conclusions: The available evidence from animal studies suggests that residual alumina particles do not adversely affect the osseointegration and biocompatibility of dental implants. These particles may even enhance bone growth and reduce bacterial adhesion. However, due to the scarcity of human studies and the impracticality of histological assessments in humans, further research, including long-term clinical trials, is necessary to confirm these findings.

A Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for Peri-implant Bone Loss.

To evaluate multiple risk factors of peri-implant bone loss. A case-control study was conducted on patients who had received dental implants treatment from January 2018 to December 2021. Implants with bone loss were included in the case group, and implants with no bone loss were included in the control group. Risk factors including history of periodontitis, abutment connection type, implant surface, diameter, location, three-dimensional position, opposing dentition, adjacent teeth, prosthetic type, retention type and custom abutment were evaluated. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate these risk factors, providing corresponding odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 776 implants in 479 patients were included in the analysis. The number of implants in the case group and the control group were 84 and 692, respectively. Cement-retained prostheses (OR=2.439, 95%CI=1.241-4.795) and nonplatform switch design (OR=2.055, 95%CI=1.167-3.619) were identified as weak risk factors. Horizontal deviation (OR=4.177, 95%CI=2.265-7.703) was a moderate risk factor. Vertical deviation (OR=10.107, 95%CI=5.280-19.347) and implants located in the mandibular molar region (OR=10.427, 95%CI=1.176-92.461) were considered high risk factors. Implants in the molar region, cement retained, non-platform switch design, and poor three-dimensional implant positioning are identified as significant risk factors for peri-implant bone loss.

Optimizing alkaline hydrothermal treatment for biomimetic smart metallic orthopedic and dental implants

Orthopedic and dental implant failure continues to be a significant concern due to localized bacterial infections. Previous studies have attempted to improve implant surfaces by modifying their texture and roughness or coating them with antibiotics to enhance antibacterial properties for implant longevity. However, these approaches have demonstrated limited effectiveness. In this study, we attempted to engineer the titanium (Ti) alloy surface biomimetically at the nanometer scale, inspired by the cicada wing nanostructure using alkaline hydrothermal treatment (AHT) to simultaneously confer antibacterial properties and support the adhesion and proliferation of mammalian cells. The two modified Ti surfaces were developed using a 4 h and 8 h AHT process in 1 N NaOH at 230 °C, followed by a 2-hour post-calcination at 600 °C. We found that the control plates showed a relatively smooth surface, while the treatment groups (4 h & 8 h AHT) displayed nanoflower structures containing randomly distributed nano-spikes. The results demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the contact angle of the treatment groups, which increased wettability characteristics. The 8 h AHT group exhibited the highest wettability and significant increase in roughness 0.72 ± 0.08 µm (P < 0.05), leading to more osteoblast cell attachment, reduced cytotoxicity effects, and enhanced relative survivability. The alkaline phosphatase activity measured in all different groups indicated that the 8 h AHT group exhibited the highest activity, suggesting that the surface roughness and wettability of the treatment groups may have facilitated cell adhesion and attachment and subsequently increased secretion of extracellular matrix. Overall, the findings indicate that biomimetic nanotextured surfaces created by the AHT process have the potential to be translated as implant coatings to enhance bone regeneration and implant integration.Graphical

Biomechanical Fatigue Behavior of a Dental Implant Due to Chewing Forces: A Finite Element Analysis.

The use of titanium as a biomaterial for the treatment of dental implants has been successful and has become the most viable and common option. However, in the last three decades, new alternatives have emerged, such as polymers that could replace metallic materials. The aim of this research work is to demonstrate the structural effects caused by the fatigue phenomenon and the comparison with polymeric materials that may be biomechanically viable by reducing the stress shielding effect at the bone-implant interface. A numerical simulation was performed using the finite element method. Variables such as Young's modulus, Poisson's coefficient, density, yield strength, ultimate strength, and the S-N curve were included. Prior to the simulation, a representative digital model of both a dental implant and the bone was developed. A maximum load of 550 N was applied, and the analysis was considered linear, homogeneous, and isotropic. The results obtained allowed us to observe the mechanical behavior of the dental implant by means of displacements and von Mises forces. They also show the critical areas where the implant tends to fail due to fatigue. Finally, this type of non-destructive analysis proves to be versatile, avoids experimentation on people and/or animals, and reduces costs, and the iteration is unlimited in evaluating various structural parameters (geometry, materials, properties, etc.).

Assessment of Role of Bisphosphonates on Dental Implant Treatment in Post-menopausal Ladies.

To examine the impact of bisphosphonates (BPs) on dental implant treatment and alveolar bone in post-menopausal ladies. Twenty post-menopausal ladies who had at least one dental implant within the previous 5 years participated in the current study. Ten subjects were categorized into two groups: Group A had BP medication for 1.5 years, and group B received parathyroid hormone (PTH). Both groups' bone thickness and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured. Group A had 5%, and group B had 5% of dental implants failures. BMD of cortical bone was 1468 ± 136 mg/mL and 1008 ± 84 mg/mL in groups A and B, correspondingly. The cortical and cancellous bone densities in both the groups were statically significant. Cortical bone thickness was insignificant in comparison. Both cortical and cancellous bones' bone mineral density decreased in both groups. With continued usage of BPs, the cortical bone thickness increased.

Effectiveness of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Maxillary Sinusitis After Dental Implant Treatment

Effectiveness of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Maxillary Sinusitis After Dental Implant Treatment

Spectroscopic insights into peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: unveiling peri-implant crevicular fluid profiles using surface enhanced Raman scattering.

The precise identification and differentiation of peri-implant diseases, without the need for intrusive procedures, is crucial for the successful clinical treatment and overall durability of dental implants. This work introduces a novel approach that combines surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy with advanced chemometrics to analyse peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples. The primary purpose is to offer an unbiased evaluation of implant health. A detailed investigation was performed on PICF samples obtained from a cohort of patients exhibiting different levels of peri-implant health, including those with healthy implants, implants impacted by peri-implantitis, and implants with peri-implant mucositis. The obtained SERS spectra were analysed using canonical-powered partial least squares (CPPLS) to identify unique chemical characteristics associated with each inflammatory state. Significantly, our research findings unveil the presence of a common inflammatory SERS spectral pattern in cases of peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis. Furthermore, the SERS-based scores obtained from CPPLS were combined with established clinical scores and subjected to a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier. Repeated double cross-validation was used to validate the method's capacity to discriminate different implant conditions. The integrated approach showcased high sensitivity and specificity and an overall balanced accuracy of 92%, demonstrating its potential to serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for real-time implant monitoring and early detection of inflammatory conditions.

REHABILITATION OF AGENESIA 2.2 WITH PRAM INVOLVEMENT. CASE REPORT

Dental implants in dental agenesis are an effective and sustainable solution for replacing missing teeth in patients who have not developed some or more teeth permanently. Dental agenesis is a condition in which one or more teeth do not form or erupt normally. In the case of dental agenesis, dental implants can be used to replace missing teeth, giving the patient an aesthetic smile and the necessary functionality during chewing and speaking. Here are some important discussions about dental implants in the dental agency: Individual evaluation: Each patient with dental agenesis will be evaluated individually by the dentist. Issues such as the number and position of missing teeth, bone quality, and patient orofacial structure will be analyzed. The personalized treatment of each patient with dental agenesis has a unique situation, and the treatment of dental implants is personalized according to the needs and anatomy of the patient. Dental implants offer a predictable and sustainable treatment option. The stability of dental implants is anchored directly in the jaw or mandibular bone, providing stability and functionality similar to natural teeth. This allows patients to chew and speak without discomfort or restrictions. Aesthetic dental implants can be designed to match the teeth and shape of the patient's face, thus contributing to the nature of the aesthetics of the smile. They can be made with high quality materials and can be customized according to the color and shape of the patient's teeth. Preserving the bone structure of dental implants helps maintain the health of the jaw bones

Dental Implant Treatment Planning in the Post-Traumatic Rehabilitation of the Anterior Maxilla: A Report of Three Cases

Evidence-based algorithms guiding treatment of traumatic dentoalveolar injuries prescribe specific interventions in the presence of various sets of historical and clinical cues. However, the staging of dental implant placement in post-traumatic rehabilitation—indeed, whether to consider implant therapy at all—remains more art than science, prior authors cautioning that universal rules do not apply. The purpose of this report is to present treatment approaches applied in three traumatic episodes involving the anterior maxilla. Three patients presented to the Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School, Postgraduate Dental College, Fort Eisenhower, GA, USA, following traumatic injuries to the anterior maxilla with varying degrees of severity. In two cases, central incisors were replaced using immediate implants and immediate provisionalization (IIPP). At one IIPP site, extraction was delayed for eight weeks to permit healing of an alveolar fracture. In the third case, the patient received a non-implant rehabilitation due to severe alveolar destruction. Both patients receiving IIPP expressed satisfaction with immediate esthetics, and in both cases, the provisional restoration prevented extraction-related soft tissue collapse. Trauma adds an element of uncertainty to the technically demanding task of implant placement in the esthetic zone. When appropriate, IIPP in the post-traumatic rehabilitation of the anterior maxilla may mitigate some of the known biopsychosocial consequences of oral trauma and facilitate development of favorable mucosal and osseous architecture at the site. Individualized treatment planning is critically important due to wide variability in site characteristics and injury complexity.

Dental Implant Treatment Planning on “Implant Design” – Review of Literature

Dental implants encounter diverse forces of different magnitude and directions during mastication. Long-term success relies on factors like implant design, stability and materials used. Dental implants effectively prevent bone loss, address edentulous conditions and offer improved replacement options. Various factors can lead to failure, and some dentists may lack the necessary qualifications for success. The purpose of this article is to help learners make informed decisions when selecting the appropriate implant design

Applications of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) in Dental Implant Treatment: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Hyaluronic acid (HA) has a long history and is widely used in cosmetics, medicine, and dermatology. This molecule is still considered relatively new in the field of dentistry. This study aimed to assess the application of HA in dental implant treatment. Method: Search in the multiple indexed databases such as Pubmed, COCHRANE, and Scopus was conducted up until August 2022 using the keywords “hyaluronic acid”, “hyaluronan,” and “dental implant.” Results: The literature search identified 816 articles, and 17 were selected in this study. Three domains of use of HA in dental implant treatment were identified: surface modification of implant surface, treatment after insertion of a dental implant, and bone graft/membrane material. There are eight randomized control trials and nine non-randomized control trials included in this study. Only six studies showed statistically significant results with HA groups. Conclusion: Overall, there are positive findings on the application of HA in dental implant treatment, showing it can be used in dental implantology, with multiple categories of uses.

Laser Treatment of Dental Implants toward an Optimized Osseointegration: Evaluation via Tapping‐Mode Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Surface modifications of dental implants play a crucial role for material stability, durability, and patient contentment; hence optimization of the commonly used techniques can have significant impact. Surface properties affect the osseointegration of implants; however, the surface for the optimal osseointegration is still being researched. Herein, the surface roughness and topography of dental implant screws after polishing, sandblasting, and laser treatment via tapping‐mode atomic force microscopy are investigated. The measurements are performed at the implants’ shank, crest, and root sites and evaluated for surface roughness, kurtosis, and skew values. Laser‐treated and sandblasted samples have a significantly higher roughness compared to the machined sample. The roughness at the root of the samples is higher in case of the laser‐treated and machined samples, while lower for the sandblasted implant. It is found that laser treatment leads to a roughness lower than that of sandblasted dental screws but significantly higher than that of mechanically polished implants. Differences in the roughness at different topological sites show the need for more precise treatment of implants in order to optimize the roughness.

Evaluation of the Locations of Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery and Lingual Foramen in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Before Dental Implant Treatment

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the locations of the lingual foramen and posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and their distances from the alveolar crest and maxillary sinus floor using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).&#x0D; Material and method: In this study, 136 patients underwent CBCT:1) The PSAA's proximity to the alveolar crest and sinus floor, its position on the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus, and 3) the distance from the lingual foramen to the alveolar crest borders.&#x0D; Results: Gender caused a significant difference in the distance of the PSAA from the alveolar crest (p

Antimicrobial surface treatment of titanium dental implants: a narrative review between 2011 and 2021

Antimicrobial surface treatment of titanium dental implants: a narrative review between 2011 and 2021

Comparative Evaluation of Different Alveolar Ridge Width Measurement Techniques in Dental Implant Treatment Planning: An in Vivo Observational Non-Interventional Study.

In todays era dental implant has become the dependable therapeutic treatment for the replacement of missing teeth. The success of dental implants depends not only on osteointegration of the implant but also on the surrounding hard and soft tissue. Presurgical evaluation of alveolar ridge width and height is of paramount important for implant placement. There are several methods to evaluate the alveolar ridge width and height such as ridge mapping and CBCT. This study included 30 sites from 8 patients in the age ranging from 30 to 65 years. A stent was prepared and the width of the alveolar ridge was estimated employing the following techniques: Group I: Measurement of alveolar ridge width on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) method, group II: Measurement of alveolar ridge width by ridge mapping technique, group III: Measurement of alveolar ridge width by surgical exposure. The minimum value for ridge mapping with caliper is 2 and maximum value is 9 with mean 4.5667 ± 1.63335 with standard error 0.29821. The minimum value for Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is 1.80 and maximum value is 9.30 with mean 4.6233 ± 1.67119 with standard error 0.30512. The minimum value for direct intrasurgical measurement with caliper is 2 and maximum value is 9 with mean 4.2000 ± 1.58441 with standard error 0.28927. Cone beam computed tomography could also be used to measure the ridge width accurately. Apart from measurement of alveolar ridge dimensions it had multiple other uses and thus can be advised as per requirement of the clinician.

Dental Implant Treatment in Medically Compromised Patients: A Narrative Review

Background: In terms of health treatment and subjects, dental implants have evolved as a standard therapy to solve different complications regarding the retention and stability of dentures for edentulous patients. Although dental implant techniques have been utilized in medically compromised patients, scientific evidence is unclear on the feasibility of implants among these patients. Adequate planning and precautions should be exercised as risks are enhanced among these patients. Objective: The primary objective of this work was to provide a brief overview of contraindications, precautions, and guidelines for the use of dental implants among medically compromised patients. Methodology: A literature search was performed for published articles within the range 2011-2021 published in English in PubMed, Medline, and OVID Medline databases using the terms Dental Implants, medically compromised patients, treatment plan, and implant survival. Results: A total of 23 studies were assessed. There are several studies that have mentioned radiotherapy as a critical risk factor “associated with the frequency of dental implant loss.” On the other hand, it has illustrated that metabolic changes have mainly occurred in diabetic patients. It has been determined that implant survival can be lower in a few disorders. Additionally, risks and complications among medically compromised patients have been noted. Conclusion: The study suggests that the psychosocial and functional benefits of an “implant restoration ” are the documented relative risks related to the common medical condition as well as their respective treatments. The assessment of the overall risk factors with the patient's education about the risk needs to be done in order to make perfect intervention strategies.

Evaluation of Elderly Patients’ Knowledge and Awareness of Dental Implant Treatments Applying to Periodontology and Prosthodontics Departments

Evaluation of Elderly Patients’ Knowledge and Awareness of Dental Implant Treatments Applying to Periodontology and Prosthodontics Departments

Identification of research gaps and systematization of trends on surface treatment in dental implants based on indexed data in the Scopus database

The installation of dental implants brings significant improvements in patient's quality of life, causing the demand for these procedures to increase. This growth results from the increasing use of innovative technologies in oral care. Since the 1970s, dental implants have continuously evolved, both in terms of shape and surface treatments. This evolution aims to improve osseointegration, an essential process for implant success, and prevent complications such as peri-implantitis. A necessary part of this evolutionary process is surface treatment on dental implants. This treatment improves implant surfaces' physical and chemical properties, promoting a more efficient interaction between the implant and surrounding tissues. To achieve this goal, modifications are made to the texture, composition, and characteristics of the implant surface. In this context, this study aims to identify the research gaps related to surface treatment on dental implants. To this end, a literature review was performed in the Scopus database using specific search terms related to this topic. The 20 most cited articles from 2017 to 2023, which address the main research trends in this area, were selected for analysis. The theoretical contribution of this study is to systematize the current research trends on the surface treatment of dental implants. This provides a better understanding of existing treatments and their limitations and presents ongoing studies that aim to overcome them. Furthermore, the research highlights studies under development, both in vitro and in vivo, that seek to apply scientific advances in clinical practice to improve implant outcomes. This applied contribution is relevant, as it can positively impact clinical practice and benefit patients.