Faculty Of Dentistry Research Articles

Herbal food supplements usage awareness of university students: Example of Echinacea and St. John's Wort

In recent years, usage of food supplements (Fs) has increased in order to maintain healthy living, have well-being, and be protected from the diseases. There are many medicinal plants used as herbal food supplements (HFs). Within the scope of this study, Echinacea and St. John’s Wort were selected among the plants that are frequently encountered. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted through completing a self-administered online questionnaire by health students. The questionnaire was filled out by 211 students studying at the faculties of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy and Health Sciences at Istanbul Medipol University. The greatest participation was achieved with Pharmacy students (47.4%), whereas the lowest participation was reached with Dentistry students (5.7%). The most commonly used products as Fs were vitamin D (21.3%) and multivitamins (16.1%), while the use of HFs was 8.5%. St. John’s Wort is commonly preferred for wound and burn treatment and Echinacea is used to boost immunity. In parallel with this use, St. John’s Wort is preferred as olive oil maceration and Echinacea as herbal infusion. While the use of HFs was 58.3%, that of the Fs were 44.5%. Echinacea use was found to be 14.4% and St. John’s Wort was 31.3%. The relationship between the presence of chronic disease and the use of Fs or HFs was not statistically significant. This study is significant to detect the opinions and knowledge levels of health students about Fs, especially HFs, St. John’s Wort and Echinacea, which are available in the market.

Comparison of distribution and frequency of impacted teeth before and during COVID-19 pandemic in dental hospital: a descriptive study

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic may affect the prevalence of patients with complaints of impacted teeth in dental hospital Faculty of Dentistry University of Indonesia (FKG UI), and there is no recent research on the distribution and frequency of impacted teeth based on age, gender, and teeth type in this hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the distribution and frequency of impacted teeth during the COVID-19 pandemic in dental hospitals. Methods: A descriptive study uses the secondary data on impacted teeth patient's medical records. Utilizing purposive sampling, we selected participants for the research by carefully examining medical records to identify individuals that had undergone impacted tooth removal. The study used secondary data from the medical records of oral surgery patients at dental hospital FKG UI from June 2019 to June 2021, including complete patient identity, clinical diagnosis, and panoramic radiograph of the impacted teeth in June 2019 to June 2021. Diagnosis was determined through screening of medical records and panoramic radiographs. Data were analyzed using the statistical analysis software (SPSS version 21, IBM Corp.) Results: From 3,225 medical records of oral surgery patients at dental hospital FKG UI before and during COVID-19 pandemic, A total of 1292 patients were included in the study and 1496 impacted teeth cases were found. The frequency of impacted teeth cases before the pandemic was 825 (55.1%) cases; there were 671 (44.9%) cases during the pandemic. Conclusion: COVID-19 has caused a decrease in the distribution and frequency of impacted teeth cases, mostly in the middle aged patients, while more female as compared to male. The most common occurrence was in the third molars and the lowest was in the second molar tooth. Keyword : tooth, impacted, COVID-19, retrospective studies, wisdom tooth

Comparison of Facial Aesthetics Perception in Preclinical and Clinical Students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University


 Introduction: Facial aesthetics consist of facial symmetry, soft tissue profile, and vertical proportions of the face. Perception is subjective which means different things for each person. Aesthetic perception in dental students is very important because later in the future they will act as dentists and must understand about functional and aesthetics in the oral and facial cavities, and must be able to meet the needs and expectations of patients. Objective: To compare the perception of facial aesthetics with preclinical and clinical students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University. Methods: This study used analytical observational method with cross sectional approach. The sample size was calculated using an unpaired numerical comparative analytical formula, obtained by 128 respondents using the simple random sampling technique. Research respondents were given questionnaires totaling 15 photos, namely 5 photos of facial symmetry, 5 soft tissue profile photos, and 5 photos of vertical proportions of faces. The research questionnaire has been tested for validity and reliability. Results: The results of the Mann Whitney Test obtained an overall significance of 0.047 (p <0.05), facial symmetry 0.039 (p <0.05), soft tissue profile 0.385 (p >0.05), and vertical proportion of the face 0.612 (p >0.05). Conclusion: In three components of the assessment, there are differences in perception in facial symmetry, and there are no differences in perception in soft tissue profiles and facial vertical proportions. Overall, there are differences in the perception of facial aesthetics between preclinical students and clinical students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University.

INVESTIGATION OF EARLY PERMANENT TOOTH LOSS IN PATIENTS BETWEEN 10-25 YEARS OF AGE IN ELAZIĞ REGION

Objective: To determine the prevalence and distribution of permanent missing teeth accor-ding to gender and location, to investigate the causes of early tooth loss and to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis. 
 Material and method: Panoramic radiographs of 1879 patients (1037 women, 842 men) aged between 10-25 years who applied to Fırat University Faculty of Dentistry were evalua-ted retrospectively. A standardized research form was used in the study. The patients were evaluated in terms of gender, location and number of missing teeth. The obtained data were anaylzed statistically by chi-square and one-sided chi-square tests.
 Results: In the total of 1879 panoramic radiographs, 569 missing permanent teeth were identified in 299 patients (175 women, 124 men). The prevalence of permanent missing te-eth was found to be 15.9% (16.9% female, 14.7% male). The most commonly missing teeth were determined as: lower first molar, lower second premolar and upper lateral incisor, res-pectively. Permanent tooth loss was more common in the mandibula than in the maxilla and a statistically significant difference was obtained. Among patients with missing teeth, the prevalance of patients with only one missing tooth was found to be 48.2%.
 Conclusion: Detailed radiological and clinical examination is the key in the diagnosis of missing teeth and early diagnosis is of great importance for treatment planning.
 Keywords: Hypodontia; Congenital missing teeth; Permanent missing teeth

Comparison of values of crestal bone loss around dental implants: A comparative study

Introduction: Many studies have examined values of crestal bone loss according surgical techniques, time of implant placement (immediate post-extraction or after alveolar socket healing), platform switching or convectional platform, surface of the implant, functional loading (immediate or delayed), etc. Methods: This study analyzed a total of 443 dental implants on 115 images: 161 Bredent blueSKY dental implants and 282 Ritter spiral dental implants. All images were taken at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Sarajevo: before implantation and after 1 year of functional loading. Crestal bone loss was measured on the mesial and distal side of each implant from the coronal portion of the abutment to the noticeable margin of the alveolar bone. Results: There is statistically significant differences between Bredent blueSKY and Ritter spiral dental implants regarding mesial (p < 0.001, df = 441, tstat = −64.22) and distal (p < 0.001, df = 441, tstat = −151.21) bone losses. Conclusion: Platform switching dental implants showed more bone loss on the mesial and distal side of implant than dental implants with conventional platform.

Welcome to the December 2023 Issue (Vol:29, No:4) and Current News of the European Journal of Therapeutics

Dear Colleagues, In this editorial, we would like to share with you important developments in the European Journal of Therapeutics (Eur J Ther). First of all, as the editorial team, we would like you to know that we hold frequent meetings to benefit our esteemed colleagues and continue to work with great devotion in line with our goal of taking the journal further. We have previously shared with you that we have applied to many indexes. It is with great pleasure that we would like to inform you that in the last few months, more of our index applications have been approved. Index Copernicus, as a result of this application, the ICV 2022 value of our journal was determined to be 100 (approved 2023-10-31) [1] BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine) (approved 2023-11-30) [2] Sherpa Romeo (approved 2023-09-27) [3] MIAR (approved 2023-10-16) [4] All indexes in our journal are currently included on the journal web page [5]. As the editorial team, we would like to inform you that we have determined a policy on this issue for our journal [6], taking into account the recommendations of important international ethics committees such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) [7] and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) [8], which have recently become a trendy topic of discussion about AI chatbots and academic studies prepared with the support of such tools. As you know, when our journal was founded in 1990 [9], it was published in two yearly issues. It is an essential responsibility for us to carry our journal, which continued its publication life with three issues a year in 2009 [10] and four issues a year in 2014 [11]. With your valuable support, we would like to announce that we will increase our journal to 6 issues a year as of 2024 (February, April, June, August, October and December) with the rapidly growing progress of our journal. Unfortunately, we cannot share the names of the referees who made significant contributions to our journal in 2023 due to the changes in the article submission interface during the year and the inaccessibility of some data in the previous interface. However, we would like to emphasize again that we are grateful to all of them for their valuable contributions. Moreover, to expand our journal's referee list, we would like to remind you that competent academics who volunteer in this regard can fill out the “Become a Reviewer for the European Journal of Therapeutics” form [12]. Finally, we would like to point out that we have strengthened our editorial team with an academician competent in dentistry, Fatih Sari, DDS, PhD. Fatih Sari, DDS, PhD, is a new Editorial Board Member of the Eur J Ther. Dr. Sari is an Associate Professor in the Department of Prosthodontics at the Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry. He is a Vice Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry and Head of Clinical Departments. Dr. Sari is a prosthodontist and a member of the Turkish Dental Association. He has experience in implant-supported fixed prostheses, Cad/Cam applications and dental materials. We look forward to being able to offer you a large number of high-quality and valuable articles over the coming year. In addition, we would like to thank the readers, authors and reviewers of the Eur J Ther for their continuous support. Sincerely yours,

SPECIAL METHODS OF SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAMME FOR SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN IN DENTISTRY

School health program is a program of preventive promotional activities in the field of dentistry using the method “trainer of trainer” or abbreviated as ToT. The program is organized by the Indonesian Association of Dentists (PDGI) together with dental faculties across Indonesia as trainers and multinational company as facilitator. The goal of this program is to create a generation of a nation that will be free of tooth cavities by 2030. Teachers and parents of students with special needs are the target audience for this training, enabling them to carry out morning and night toothbrushing activities for good dental and oral health. ToT's activities include two things: giving advice to teachers and students' parents and brushing their teeth in the morning and evening for 21 days. The problem is that children with special needs do not have the same abilities as other children in terms of receiving information, responding to teaching, and applying what has been taught. Low levels of independence and varying levels of learning difficulties are challenges for trainees. Special methods in teaching morning and night toothbrush activities should be applied well to both teachers and parents of students with special needs, such as how to brush their teeth, the habits of brushing the teeth properly, the use of special brushes, and tips and tricks that can be implemented by the teacher and parents so that children with special requirements can run the program.

Farklı Ünvan ve Çalışma Merkezlerindeki Diş Hekimleri Tarafından Belirlenen Renk Seçim Kriterlerinin İncelenmesi

Aim: Color selection is an important factor in dentistry in terms of aesthetics and natural appearance. However, different dentists and practice centers may have different approaches to color selection processes. The aim of this study is to investigate how color selection criteria in prosthetic treatments are determined by dentists with different titles in different work centers.
 Material and Methods: The study obtained approval from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry (2019/44) and was conducted in September 2019 as a voluntary survey among academics and dentists nationwide. The study consisted of a total of 14 questions, two of which were demographic data and 12 were multiple-choice questions.
 Results: The study was completed with a total of 437 participants, including 213 males and 224 females. The participants had an average age of 30.6, and 50.6% of them worked in university hospitals. The remaining participants worked in oral and dental health centers, community health centers, state hospitals, private clinics owned by themselves, or private clinics owned by another dentist. In addition, 43.7% were general practitioners, 27.7% were dental students, 17.8% were research assistants, 7.8% were specialist dentists, and 3% were faculty members. The data were evaluated using SPSS 22 (statistical package for the sciences version 22.0) program. The chi-square test was used to evaluate categorical data. Statistical analysis was performed and interpreted for the study data (p

Pain Catastrophizing in Dental Students and its Relation with Dental Anxiety and Pain Intensity

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pain catastrophizing and dental anxiety among dental students. Additionally, we explore the relation of pain catastrophizing scores with gender, pain intensity and dental treatment experience. Material and Methods: This questionnaire study was conducted among dental students in 2020. The questionnaire, which was prepared via Google forms and students studying in different faculties of dentistry filled out the questionnaire via e-mail. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (C-DAS), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), helped the clinician examine how the participants felt and what they thought regarding pain, were used. Spearman's rho correlation was used to analyze the correlations between the variables. The MANOVA test was used to evaluate whether the main effects of gender, term, and treatment on C-DAS and PCS were significant. Results: Of the total, 22.5% of the students were considered to be catastrophic individuals. According to the regression model, a one-unit increase in VAS value led to an increase of 0.164 in the total PCS score. Similarly, while the increase in the C-DAS score led to an increase of 0.575 in the PCS score, girls' PCS score was higher by 4.091. Conclusion: Our study is the first to report the prevalence of pain catastrophizing among dental students and the effect of gender and PCS-subscales. The increased knowledge level of dental students about pain may effectively reduce the tendency toward pain catastrophizing.

Awareness of Forensic Odontology among Dental Students and Faculty in Cyprus: A Survey-Based Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, comprehension, and practices concerning forensic odontology among dental students and faculty at a Dental School in Cyprus. An online, cross-sectional, descriptive survey, employing an adapted, self-administered questionnaire, was disseminated to all dental students and faculty at the School of Dentistry, European University Cyprus, in November 2022. The survey assessed participants' demographic information and explored their awareness with questions alluding to knowledge, attitudes and practices in forensic dentistry. Of those surveyed, 47 faculty members and 304 students responded, yielding response rates of 66.2% and 80%, respectively. Statistical analysis, including Kendall's tau test and χ2 test were employed to examine correlations and associations, with Cramer's V used to measure the strength of significant associations. The predetermined significance level was α = 0.05. Awareness levels were assessed through participants' responses to specific questions in the survey. It was revealed that 87% of faculty and 65% of students were familiar with forensic odontology. A noteworthy 94% of faculty and 85% of students recognized teeth as DNA repositories. A high percentage, 98% of faculty and 89% of students, acknowledged the role of forensic odontology in the identification of criminals and deceased individuals. Awareness of age estimation through dental eruption patterns was evident in 85% of faculty and 81.6% of students. A substantial proportion (80% of faculty) maintained dental records, while 78% of students recognized the importance of dental record-keeping in ensuring quality care. Interestingly, 57% of students and 64% of faculty were aware of the possibility of dentists testifying as expert witnesses. The majority, 95.7% of faculty and 85% of students, concurred that physical harm, scars, and behavioral alterations predominantly indicate child abuse. The findings, revealing robust awareness among respondents, underscore the importance of enhancing faculty engagement in relevant seminars to further strengthen their knowledge. Additionally, emphasizing improved record-keeping practices for potential forensic applications emerges as a crucial aspect. These insights have implications for refining dental education in Cyprus and enhancing forensic practices by promoting ongoing professional development and emphasizing meticulous record-keeping within the dental community.

FIVE-YEAR RADIOGRAPHIC FOLLOW-UP OF ASYMPTOMATIC IMPACTED THIRD MOLAR TEETH WITH COMPLETED APICAL ROOT DEVELOPMENT

Third molar teeth can stay impacted due to systemic factors, space deficiency, pathology or an anatomical obstacle. The positions, angles, follicle sizes, and impaction statuses of impacted third molars can change over time. The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in the position, inclination, angle, and follicular width of impacted third molars at the end of a 5-year follow-up on panoramic radiographs. Retrospective analyses of a total of 98 impacted third molar teeth were carried out on panoramic radiographs taken at 5-year intervals for 31 patients who presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology at Faculty of Dentistry for various reasons between 2013 and 2021. The mean angle of the examined impacted third molars with the occlusal plane was 26.725±27.31° at the beginning of the 5-year follow-up and 26.399±28.46° at the end of the follow-up. There was a 5° angular change(inclination) in 4(8.2%) impacted molars. In the examinations of the panoramic radiographs taken at 5-year intervals, no pathologic change around any impacted third molar or resorption in neighboring teeth was observed. There were inclination changes in 2(4%) of the impacted molars and position changes in 11(22.4%). The changes may be occur in the position, inclination, angle, and follicular width of asymptomatic impacted teeth in time. It is important that asymptomatic impacted teeth can be followed radiographically to evaluate the effects of changes in position, inclination, angle and follicle width over time on the impacted tooth and surrounding tissues and to prevent complications that may occur after a possible impacted third molar extraction.

Penyelenggaraan dan Tata Kelola Arsip Pada Record Center Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Organizing and managing records is very important in the management of information and documents. The Record Center of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Padjadjaran is an institution that has duties and responsibilities in managing the document archives of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Padjadjaran. The archive management system at the Record Center of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Padjadjaran has been carried out properly and regularly, but there are still some obstacles to be faced, such as the lack of media equipment facilities. To overcome these obstacles, several efforts need to be made such as increasing storage on computers and improving facilities and infrastructure. With a good and organized record management system, it is expected to improve the performance and effectiveness of the Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University in managing documents and information related to academic and administrative activities.

Predictivity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (h-TERT) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Immunohistochemical Study

Aims: Determine the potential role of h-TERT as a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma by evaluating its immunohistochemical expression in different OSCC histologic grades in comparison with normal oral mucosa.
 Study Design: A retrospective study.
 Place and Duration: Oncology Center, Mansoura University, and Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University. The worked sample selected from the years (2015-2019).
 Methodology: Our study was accomplished on 30 OSCC cases and a control group of normal oral mucosa. Histopathologic grading of OSCCs was made using the WHO grade and Anneroth`s grading systems. Immunohistochemical expression of h-TERT was assessed in relation to different clinicopathological parameters. The data was analyzed using Pearson`s chi-square test to compare the differences between groups. Spearman's correlation co-efficiency test was used to test the association between different variables. A P value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
 Results: A significant increased h-TERT expression was recorded from normal to OSCC groups (P=0.000). Additionally, elevated h-TERT expression was significantly correlated with the higher carcinoma histologic grade (P =0.025). There were high statistically significant differences in h-TERT expression concerning the parameters; Anneroth pattern of invasion (P= 0.049), depth of invasion (DOI, P=0.024), and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration (LPI, P=0.009). There were no statistically significant differences in h-TERT immunoexpression considering the clinical parameters; patient age, gender, anatomical sites, clinical shape of lesion, T, N, M, and TNM stages (Chi-square test, P values were > 0.05).
 Conclusions: Increased h-TERT immunoexpression from normal to OSCC groups suggests its involvement in malignant transformation. Additionally, the significant differential expression of h-TERT among different OSCC histologic grades signaling its valuable use as a biomarker for assessing the cellular malignant progression of oral carcinomas, but unreliable as a clinical tumor progression marker. Moreover, the significant correlation of h-TERT expression with LPI, DOI and pattern of invasion indicating its possible reliable role in tumor host relation during multistage carcinogenesis.

Ergonomic Issue in Dental Students

Ignoring work positions that are continuously carried out will cause musculoskeletal disorders in the future. Ergonomic positions have become a part of the dentistry curriculum. However, because the content is not directly related to dentistry, it is often ignored by the dental students. Purpose: to evaluate how much important is ergonomic position for dental students, and how the ergonomic curriculum provided can be applied in treating patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study by conducting a survey of 70 alumni of Undergraduate Study Program on Faculty of Dentistry who are currently undergoing a professional program at the Teaching Dental Hospital, which was obtained by accidental sampling. Respondents were asked to fill the questionnaire. Results: The ergonomic position was considered very important (48.57%), it was often forgotten (38.57%) and difficult to apply in certain cases (21.43%). 62.86% of respondents realized that the position was not appropriate when it is difficult to gain visual access. Respondents hope that ergonomics is given as often as possible in practical training and given as early as possible in dental curriculum. Conclusions: Continuing education on practical training and given as early as possible is necessary to improve the application of ergonomic positions to dental students

Assessing burnout among early career faculty in US dental schools.

Burnout is a condition characterized by emotional exhaustion, low personal accomplishment, and feelings of depersonalization that may evolve as a result of chronic occupational stress. Our goal for the study was to measure the degree of burnout among US dental school faculty with less than 10 years in academia. A mixed method approach to data collection was utilized for the study and included: A. A 15-items demographics survey B. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) combined with the Area-Work life Scale (AWS) C. A survey open-ended response to respondent's general feelings about work environment. MBI results from the data collected from 52 respondents indicate 7 or 13.46% of respondents are categorized with a 'burnout' profile. The most abundant categories recognized among this group are feelings of being "overextended" (34.62%) while 32.69% of the respondents self-report signs of being engaged. The results from this population indicate higher emotional exhaustion while levels of depersonalization are lower. The Area-Work life Scale (AWS) for this group indicates a higher sense of reward and control, while a lower frequency of workload balance and fairness are recognized. The data collected from the sample population suggest increased higher feelings of burnout at the 9-year mark, with increased administrative duties, and age range over 44 years. Identifying factors in workload, work environment, and influences in the home that lead to burnout early in a faculty member's tenure and introducing reduction mechanisms are key to enhancing faculty production, satisfaction, and retention.

Accuracy of formula-based volume and image segmentation-based volume in calculation of preoperative cystic jaw lesions’ volume

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of formula-based volume measurements and the 3D volume analysis with different software packages in the calculation of preoperative cystic jaw lesions’ volume. The secondary aim was to assess the reliability and the accuracy of 3 imaging software programs for measuring the cystic jaw lesions' volume in CBCT images.Materials and methodsThis study consisted of two parts: an in vitro part using 2 dry human mandibles that were used to create simulated osteolytic lesions to assess the accuracy of the volumetric analysis and formula-based volume. As a gold standard, the volume of each bone defect was determined by taking an impression using rapid soft silicone (Vinylight) and then quantifying the volume of the replica. Afterward, each tooth socket was scanned using a high-resolution CBCT. A retrospective part using archived CBCT radiographs that were taken from the database of the outpatient clinic of the oral and maxillofacial radiology department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University to assess the reliability of the 3 software packages. The volumetric data set was exported for volume quantification using the 3 software packages (MIMICS-OnDemand and InVesalius software). Also, the three greatest orthogonal diameters of the lesions were calculated, and the volume was assessed using the ellipsoid formula. Dunn’s test was used for pair-wise comparisons when Friedman’s test was significant. The inter-examiner agreement was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient.ResultsRegarding the results of the retrospective part, there was a statistically significant difference between volumetric measurements by equation and different software (P value < 0.001, Effect size = 0.513). The inter-observer reliability of the measurements of the cystic lesions using the different software packages was very good. The highest inter-examiner agreement for volume measurement was found with InVesalius (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.992). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between dry mandible volumetric measurements and Gold Standard. All software showed statistically significantly lower dry mandible volumetric measurements than the gold standard.ConclusionComputer-aided assessment of cystic lesion volume using InVesalius, OnDemand, and MIMICS is a readily available, easy to use, non-invasive option. It confers an advantage over formula-based volume as it gives the exact morphology of the lesion so that potential problems can be detected before surgery. Volume analysis with InVesalius software was accurate in determining the volume of simulated periapical defects in a human cadaver mandible as compared to true volume. InVesalius software proved that open-source software can be robust yet user-friendly with the advantage of minimal cost to use.

Success and Learning Strategies: A Survey of Students at the Faculty of Dentistry in Casablanca

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the learning strategies used by the students of the 2nd year of the Faculty of Dentistry in Casablanca. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among second-year dental students after informed consent. A modified WOLF questionnaire, “My intellectual work tools,” was distributed. It included 37 closed questions on self-reported study practices in four categories: cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and resource management. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using SPSS software in the Laboratory of Community Health Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Results: 86.9% of students were active in meaning-making, reformulation, and exemplification. 9.7% mastered highlighting relationships and structuring. 42.8% reorganized information according to personal criteria. For memorization, the students used both types with a predominance of the appropriative form. For metacognitive, affective, and management strategies, 21.4% systematically anticipated evaluation situations. For time management, 12.4% planned and managed their time regularly. In terms of self-confidence, 17.2% stated that they had complete self-confidence. Conclusion: Except for memorization and comprehension strategies, all the tools assessed were little used and/or not mastered by the students. To help students master these strategies, increased use of differentiated pedagogies such as flipped classrooms and MOOCS, and OSCE assessments should take place. Workshops and seminars on learning strategies should be provided to reinforce the course administered in the first year.

Caries Risk Determination of 5-8 Year Old Children and Their Mothers in Muğla Province

It was aimed to evaluate dental data obtained after dental examinations of 204 children aged 5-8 years and their mothers who lived in Muğla and applied to Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Dentistry, taking into account their place of residence, mother's education level and working status. To determine caries profile of primary dentition, dmft was used, and for permanent dentition, DMFT was used. They were asked to answer prepared questions. Results, consisting of formed index after intraoral examination and answers to questions, were statistically evaluated using IBM SPSS v23.0 (IBM Corp. 2015, Armonk, NY, US). Normality of variables is examined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Due to variables do not follow a normal distribution, differences between index values per demographic variable were tested with Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test for independent groups. To make pairwise (multiple) comparison, we used Dunn’s test. Spearman correlation analysis was also applied. According to results obtained, it was observed that mother's education level had a significant effect on children's dmft and DMFT index values (p&amp;lt;0.05). As education level of mothers increased, caries profile of children decreased. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between mother's DMFT index value and child's dmft index value(p&amp;lt;0.05, r=0.017). Additionally, it was statistically determined that dmft index values of children with employed mothers significantly lower than those of children whose mothers unemployed(p&amp;lt;0.05). The study showed that mother's level of being affected by decay, education level, and employment status were effective on the level of children being affected by tooth decay.

The impact of Bis-GMA free and Bis-GMA containing resin composite as posterior restoration on marginal integrity: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThere have been concerns surrounding the utilization of Bis-GMA, a type of bisphenol A (BPA) derivative, within the dental industry. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of bulk fill Bis-GMA-free resin composite class II restorations in respect of its marginal integrity in comparison to bulk fill Bis-GMA-containing resin composite class II restorations over a 12-month period in a parallel clinical trial utilizing a split-mouth, double-blind, randomized strategy.Methods20 patients participated in this study. Each patient has received one pair of class II posterior restorations, Bis-GMA-free (Admira fusion x-tra), and Bis-GMA containing (x-tra fil) on each side of the mouth (split-mouth strategy), (n = 40). The restorations’ marginal integrity was evaluated based on Ryge’s criteria (modified USPHS) at baseline (after 1 week), as well as 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and after 12 months of follow-up by two calibrated examiners. The statistical analyses utilizing the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, the significance level was adjusted to 0.05.ResultsFollowing the 12-month period, all patients attended the recall visits to evaluate the restorations. The Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests, revealed that both types of bulk fill had 100% of Alpha (A) scores at baseline and after 1 month with no significant statistical differences. After 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, both tested bulk fill restorations showed Bravo (B) score with Bis-GMA free 10% and 5% for Bis-GMA containing with no statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) for clinical marginal integrity parameter in USPHS criteria.ConclusionsBis-GMA-free resin composites demonstrated satisfactory, marginal integrity compared with Bis-GMA-containing resin composites within 12 months.Trial registrationThe protocol of the current study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov, with the identification number NCT05480852 on 29/07/2022. All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Egypt, under the approval number 419 on 27/06/2020.

Metacognitive, Management and Affective Strategies of Dental Students at the Beginning and the End of the University Curriculum

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate students’ metacognitive, resource management, and affective strategies at the Faculty of Dentistry in Casablanca and to observe their evolution between the beginning and the end of their university course. Method: A questionnaire on the different strategies was distributed to students in their first and fifth years of the 2021/2022 academic year. Results: 79.4% of fifth-year students began preparing by creating a schedule, compared with 59.3% of first-year students. 65.2% of fifth-year students and 60.1% of first-year students could adapt their planning to circumstances and unforeseen events. 78% of fifth-year students vs. 68.9% of first-year students gave enough time to their studies without neglecting other important aspects of their lives. 81.9% of first-year students and 85.1% of fifth-year students used the internet to search for difficult words. Efficient time management was noted in the fifth-year compared to the first-year students, as 69.5% of fifth-year students stated. 54.8% of first-year and 70.2% of fifth-year students opted for a clean, quiet study space to maintain motivation. Conclusion: The strategies adopted by the two classes were largely similar. However, fifth-year students felt they had better stress management, time management, and understanding of medical vocabulary than first-year students. This means effective study strategies and the ability to manage them develop over the years.&lt;/p&gt;