Demographic Changes Research Articles

Reframing policy responses to population aging in Iran

Iran is aging rapidly and is expected to see negative population growth rates later this century. This change is generating significant concern for policymakers, whose response is to seek ‘demographic solutions’ to these issues: raise the fertility rate, decrease the divorce rate, and promote marriage among young people. Part of these policies has entailed curtailing access to free family planning services. This ‘call and response’ approach is unlikely to succeed in its stated aim, as it over-simplifies the real challenges of population aging as well as the multiple dimensions of population change. Such policies derive from simple representations of demographic change, most notably using the old-age dependency ratio. Using a microsimulation model, this paper suggests that increasing Iran’s currently low female labor force participation and translating educational gains into rising productivity is a more effective means of responding to the challenges of population aging, even under low fertility conditions. The advancement on previous such microsimulation exercises lies in the fact that this study explicitly considers the comparison between raising fertility and increasing female economic empowerment to offset population aging in a setting characterized by an overt pronatalist policy system. In tandem with reforming stressed institutional systems (such as the pension system), releasing the full potential of Iran’s existing (and future) human capital—especially of its women—is a far more effective policy direction than fertility-promoting policies.

Strengthening Family Bonds and Promoting Rural Development: The Impact of Universal Social Pensions in Tanzania

Tanzania is undergoing demographic changes with an increasing number of elderly individuals, the majority of whom live in rural areas and face various social and economic challenges. In recent decades, international social policy has praised social pensions as an effective tool for addressing poverty among the elderly. This article explores how universal social pensions can strengthen family relationships and promote rural development through examples of family solidarity in rural areas of Tanzania. The study analyzes 2012 data from a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving over 900 elderly individuals aged 60 and above in two rural districts in the Mwanza region. This analysis also incorporates findings from the 2019 SAUT Survey, which covered three regions in Tanzania: Arusha, Mtwara, and Mwanza. The results indicate that the family structures in which elderly individuals live exhibit strong intergenerational solidarity. Income from universal social pensions has proven significant in reducing poverty and inequality, as well as enhancing health, nutrition, agriculture, and local markets, all of which contribute to rural development.

Adopting yield-improving practices to meet maize demand in Sub-Saharan Africa without cropland expansion

Maize demand in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to increase 2.3 times during the next 30 years driven by demographic and dietary changes. Over the past two decades, the area cropped with maize has expanded by 17 million hectares in the region, with limited yield increase. Following this trend could potentially result in further maize cropland expansion and the need for imports to satisfy domestic demand. Here, we use data collected from 14,773 smallholder fields in the region to identify agronomic practices that can improve farm yield gains. We find that agronomic practices related to cultivar selection, and nutrient, pest, and crop management can double on-farm yields and provide an additional 82 million tons of maize within current cropped area. Research and development investments should be oriented towards agricultural practices with proven capacity to raise maize yields in the region.

Changes in Time in Therapeutic Range Within a Warfarin Anticoagulation Clinic Following Introduction of Direct Oral Anticoagulants.

Background: As direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become widely recommended as first-line anticoagulation therapy, patients who remain on warfarin are likely those unable to afford, adhere to, or utilize DOAC therapy due to the presence of a contraindication. It is currently unknown how availability of DOACs have affected populations being managed at warfarin (VKA) anticoagulation clinics. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review assessing warfarin-treated patients at an outpatient anticoagulation clinic. The primary endpoint was the 6-month time in therapeutic range (TTR) before and after DOACs were recommended as first-line therapy by clinical guidelines. Study periods were January to June 2015, before DOACs were recommended over VKA, and January to June 2022, when DOACs were often recommended over VKA. TTR, demographic changes, and the presence of contraindications to DOAC therapy in the clinic population between the two time periods were assessed. Results: No difference in 6-month TTR was observed between study periods (59% in 2015 vs 63% in 2022; P = .45). Patient demographics did not significantly vary, which may be due to the clinic retaining 45% of patients between both time periods. Contraindications to DOAC therapy were identified in 39% of the 2015 group and 49% of the 2022 group (P = .18). The most common contraindication was indication for anticoagulation. Conclusion: Availability of DOACs did not seem to significantly affect the population or management of warfarin-treated patients at an outpatient anticoagulation clinic, however, contraindications and potential challenges to use of DOAC therapy are present in many patients.

#2842 Increased incidence of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease in Madrid in the past two decades

Abstract Background and Aims Recently, epidemiological changes have been identified in the incidence of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in different European regions, reporting an increased incidence in population-based studies in Ireland and Denmark, possibly due to demographic changes and exposure to environmental triggers, since the evidence of spatial and temporal clustering of cases suggests that environmental factors could be playing a role in this trend. The aim of our study was to evaluate the changes in incidence of anti-GBM disease in the past two decades in two different urban areas in Madrid (North and Southwest), identify possible environmental triggers, and analyse temporal and within-area differences in presentation and outcome of the disease. Method We performed a retrospective observational study using data between 2006 and 2022 from the hospital coding databases and laboratory databases of two hospitals in Madrid covering a population of 884000 residents. We collected data from patients who were diagnosed with anti-GBM disease with confirmed positive anti-GBM antibodies and renal and/or pulmonary manifestations. We excluded patients with positive anti-GBM antibodies without clinical manifestations suggestive of the disease. Incidence was described as per 100000 person-years at risk, and 95% confidence intervals were computed assuming a Poisson distribution. In order to detect changes in incidence, we divided the analysis into three time periods: 2006-2010, 2011-2016 and 2017-2022. We also compared the incidence before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Madrid (March 2020). Demographic data, clinical data at presentation, previous exposure to environmental factors (smoking, exposure to hydrocarbons, infections, vaccination), and treatments received and outcome was collected. Renal survival was defined as a state free from renal replacement therapy. Results During the 17-year study period, 26 cases of anti-GMN disease were identified (incidence rate 2.94 per 100000 persons); with a mean age of 52 ± 26 years at presentation, and 53.6% were females. 30.8% of patients were double-seropositive for ANCA and anti-GBM, 42.3% presented only renal involvement, 3.8% with only pulmonary involvement, and 53.8% with both renal and pulmonary involvement. At presentation, 19.2% of patients required mechanical ventilation and 65.4% required renal replacement therapy. After induction treatment, 13 patients (50%) remained on maintenance dialysis. After a median follow-up of 33 months, 46.2% patients died. Renal and patient survival after 1 year was 30.8% and 73.1% respectively. The incidence rate gradually increased from time periods 2006-2010 to 2017-2022, from 1.81 cases per 100000 persons (CI95% 0.78-3.57) to 2.83 cases per 100000 persons (CI95% 1.58-4.66) (OR 1.56, CI95%0.66-3.69, p = 0.30). We observed that the incidence rate significantly increased from 1.13 cases per 100000 persons (95% CI 0.62-1.90) before March 2020 to 4.53 cases per 100000 persons (95% CI 2.34-7.90) after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (OR 4, P < 0.001). Serum creatinine at presentation was significantly lower in cases diagnosed after COVID-19 (5.09 ± 4 vs 8.7 ± 3.9 mg/dl, p = 0.037). We found no differences within time periods in demographic data, previous exposure to environmental triggers, presence of double-seropositivity, or treatments received or patient survival after 1 year. However, we found that renal survival after 1 year has improved from 0% in 2006-2010 to 46.7% in 2017-2022 (p = 0.023) and 14.3% pre-COVID to 50% post-COVID (p = 0.049). Conclusion There is a gradual increase in the incidence rate of anti-GBM disease in our population, which has markedly increased after the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significantly lower serum creatinine at presentation with improved renal survival. We did not find any changes in the rate of exposure to known environmental triggers within time periods. These findings suggest that the rising incidence may be attributable to an increased awareness and diagnosis of anti-GBM disease, which leads to a better renal survival.

Unraveling women (in) leadership in tourism and hospitality: a retrospect and outlook

ABSTRACT Over the past two decades, the global workforce landscape has witnessed a significant shift, marked by a promising increase in the presence of women in leadership roles. This demographic change has ignited scholarly interest in the topic of Women in Leadership (WiL), particularly within the tourism and hospitality sectors. Despite growing attention, research in these fields is fragmented and lacks a cohesive theoretical framework. Addressing this gap, this systematic literature review analyzes 51 articles focusing on WiL within tourism and hospitality, offering a consolidated view of existing knowledge, identifying prevailing research trends, and critically assessing the current state of WiL studies in these sectors. Our study makes a substantial contribution by developing a comprehensive framework for understanding WiL in tourism and hospitality, aiding in the advancement of the subject within these disciplines. Additionally, it proposes a forward-looking research agenda to deepen the theoretical and practical understanding of WiL.

The migratory crossroads of Alte Ceccato: an emblematic case of migratory stratification

ABSTRACT Italy acts as a migratory crossroads in which emigration, immigration, and internal migration continuously overlap. These processes have affected not only large cities, but also small towns such as Alte Ceccato (Veneto Region). After WWII this small industrial town received immigrants from the surrounding countryside, then from Southern Italy, and since the 1990s from the so-called Global South. Today it receives refugees from sub-Saharan Africa. Adopting the analytical tool of migratory stratification, we discuss Alte Ceccato as a peculiar example of the mixture of social, cultural, demographic and urban changes driven by migration on multiple geographical scales.

An Examination of Educational Leadership Preparation in Ontario: Are Principals Prepared to Lead Equitably?

<p>In response to the changing demographics of schools in Canada and efforts to better equip principals to challenging inequity, leadership preparation programs have adopted new policies focused more on leading with an equity lens. However, studies have demonstrated a disconnect between what is covered in these leadership programs and how school principals actually perceive their ability to lead equitably and work with diverse learners. Six current school principals and vice principals in Ontario, Canada who have successfully completed a Principal Qualification Program (PQP) course were interviewed to understand their perceptions on the program’s ability to prepare them to lead, and their perceptions on concepts of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI). The racial experiences and identities of each participant shaped their definitions of EDI, as well as their understandings of difference. Study findings indicate several critical areas of change for principal preparation programs in Ontario: training guidelines, efforts to prepare educators to be equitable leaders, and the educators’ perceptions on their preparedness to lead. Utilization of Critical Race Theory in Education and Applied Critical Leadership additionally help frame analysis and support the need to integrate culturally relevant pedagogical practice into leadership preparation programs.</p>

Firearm Homicide Demographics Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

This cross-sectional study evaluates changes in firearm homicide demographics before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Is Chinese Medicine Facing a Potential Workforce Crisis in Australia? Demographic Changes in the Profession over the Last Decade.

Background: As a prominent part of complementary and alternative medicine, Chinese Medicine (CM) has proved its strengths in treating a diverse range of acute and chronic medical conditions and is at present recognized in 196 countries and territories worldwide. In 2012, Australia regulated the CM profession under the National Regulation and Accreditation Scheme (NRAS) by legislation and reports quarterly demographic information about individual CM practitioners so to ensure public interest, although research examining the change of CM workforce in Australia has been scarce. Objective: This study aims to investigate the construction of the CM workforce in Australia and more importantly, evaluated its development in the last decade to capture the trajectory and trend in the present period and future potential changes. Methods: Data were sourced from the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) annual reports and the Chinese Medicine Board of Australia (CMBA) registration statistics from 2012 to 2023. A descriptive analysis was conducted with demographic variables, including profession, age, and gender, and chi-square tests and linear regression modeling were carried out to assess the variations between regions and across years. Results: The population of CM practitioners in 2022/2023 stagnated with slight decrease to 4,823, in contrast to the increase rate of 2.9% in the whole health care community. The number of young CM registrants (<35 y) shrank by 37.5% from 691 in 2012 to 432 in 2023. In comparison with other health care professions, CM comprises the smallest proportion of the population aged younger than 25 (0.2%) and the largest proportion aged older than 65 years (16.2%), advancing into an aging era. Conclusions: This study indicates a worrying potential decline in CM workforce in Australia, which is likely to be further exacerbated by the lack of new graduates and rise of median age among practitioners. Meanwhile, continued advancement in Western medicine technology and standards requires substantial efforts to increase both a better understanding of CM and demonstration of its efficacy. Furthermore, greater effort is needed to recruit and educate new young CM practitioners in Australia and to broaden the international training pipeline for a sustainable development of CM practice.

The impact of advanced practitioners on patients in acute care—A mini review

BackgroundAcute patient care is becoming increasingly complex due to various factors (e.g., demographic changes, multimorbidity, organizational changes). Educating healthcare professionals as advanced practitioners at Master's level is one response to these challenges. Meanwhile, there are several empirical insights into advanced roles.AimTo provide an overview on the impact of advanced practitioners on acute care patients' outcomes and safety.MethodsWe conducted a mini-review. Therefore, a systematic literature search was carried out in the four databases Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PEDro. After four researchers screened the results and extracted the data independently, the included studies were analyzed thematically and clustered along patients' outcomes. The results are presented narratively.Results4,332 records were identified in the systematic search, and 67 articles were included in our review. Of these, the majority (n = 57) addressed the nursing profession. Advanced practitioners demonstrated an overall positive impact on acute care patients. They improved patients' vital signs, and reduced their mortality and adverse events (e.g., thrombosis, pneumonia, pressure injury). In addition, they shortened patients' length of stay and waiting times, and reduced admission rates. Patient satisfaction also increased after their implementation. When being compared to physicians, advanced practitioners in acute care demonstrated similar to equal patient outcomes and safety.ConclusionThe identified studies highlight the benefits of advanced practitioners for acute care patients. While most studies were conducted in emergency departments or intensive care units, further research concerning other acute settings (e.g., psychiatry) or clinical conditions (e.g., cognitive impairment) is recommended.

Economic aspects of long-term left ventricular assist device treatment for chronic heart failure.

Technological advances and the current shortage of donor organs have contributed to an increase in the number of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantations in patients with end-stage heart failure. Demographic change and medical progress might raise the number of these patients, resulting in a further increase in the number of LVAD implantations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term costs of LVAD therapy and identify diagnoses resulting in expensive stays. In this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, all patients after implantation of a second- or third-generation LVAD by 31 March 2022 were included. In addition to demographic and survival data, revenues and case mix points were determined for each patient. Of the 163 patients included, 75.5% were male. The mean age at LVAD implantation was 52±14years. The mean survival was 1458±127days. During follow-up, the total inpatient treatment time per patient was 70±87days. The average duration of outpatient treatment was 55.1%, based on the total duration of support. The average revenue per patient for the implant stay was $193192.35±$111801.29, for inpatient readmissions $52068.96±$116630.00, and for outpatient care $53195.94±$62363.53. LVAD implantation in patients with end-stage heart failure leads to improved survival but a significant increase in treatment costs. Further multi-centre studies are necessary in order to be able to assess the effects of long-term LVAD treatment on the healthcare system.

Cardiomyocyte-specific RXFP1 overexpression protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction independently of relaxin

Heart failure (HF) prevalence is rising due to reduced early mortality and demographic change. Relaxin (RLN) mediates protective effects in the cardiovascular system through Relaxin-receptor 1 (RXFP1). Cardiac overexpression of RXFP1 with additional RLN supplementation attenuated HF in the pressure-overload transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model. Here, we hypothesized that robust transgenic RXFP1 overexpression in cardiomyocytes (CM) protects from TAC-induced HF even in the absence of RLN.Hence, transgenic mice with a CM-specific overexpression of human RXFP1 (hRXFP1tg) were generated. Receptor functionality was demonstrated by in vivo hemodynamics, where the administration of RLN induced positive inotropy strictly in hRXFP1tg. An increase in phospholamban-phosphorylation at serine 16 was identified as a molecular correlate. hRXFP1tg were protected from TAC without additional RLN administration, presenting not only less decline in systolic left ventricular (LV) function but also abrogated LV dilation and pulmonary congestion compared to WT mice. Molecularly, transgenic hearts exhibited not only a significantly attenuated fetal and fibrotic gene activation but also demonstrated less fibrotic tissue and CM hypertrophy in histological sections. These protective effects were evident in both sexes. Similar cardioprotective effects of hRXFP1tg were detectable in a RLN-knockout model, suggesting an alternative mechanism of receptor activation through intrinsic activity, alternative endogenous ligands or crosstalk with other receptors.In summary, CM-specific RXFP1 overexpression provides protection against TAC even in the absence of endogenous RLN. This suggests RXFP1 overexpression as a potential therapeutic approach for HF, offering baseline protection with optional RLN supplementation for specific activation.

The role of household labour for sustainable intensification in smallholder systems: a case study in cocoa farming systems

Sustainable agricultural intensification aims at increasing yields on existing agricultural land without negative environmental impacts. Managing pests and diseases contributes to increasing yields. Without synthetic pesticides, this management is labour intensive. Smallholder farming systems heavily rely on manual and household labour, which will be affected by future demographic changes. Knowledge on how these changes will affect sustainable intensification is limited. Based on a case study of Ugandan cocoa farms, we tested the impact of increased household labour availability on pest and disease management (PDM) practices and pesticide use. We made use of a unique quasi-experimental design, in which household labour increased during the national COVID-19 lockdowns as children did not attend school and family members returned from cities. Our interview data from 2019 to 2021 showed that household labour availability increased on average by 0.8 (±2.5) household members and 16% of labour days per hectare. Using different regression models complemented with qualitative insights, we found that the uptake of alternative PDM practices significantly reduced pesticide quantities and expenditures. The implementation of alternative PDM practices was only weakly influenced by household labour availability and increased with farmer training and trust in alternative practices. These results imply that alternative PDM practices are an important pillar for production with little or without synthetic pesticides and their adoption requires support and incentives, especially on labour or resource-constrained farms.

Barriers to neurosurgery for medical students: a national study focused on the intersectionality of gender and race.

Despite 51.2% of medical school graduates being female, only 29.8% of neurosurgery residency applicants are female. Furthermore, only 12.6% of neurosurgery applicants identify as underrepresented in medicine (URM). Evaluating the entry barriers for female and URM students is crucial in promoting the equity and diversity of the neurosurgical workforce. The objective of this study was to evaluate barriers to neurosurgery for medical students while considering the interaction between gender and race. A Qualtrics survey was distributed widely to US medical students, assessing 14 factors of hesitancy toward neurosurgery. Likert scale responses, representing statement agreeability, converted to numeric values on a 7-point scale were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test and ANOVA comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Of 540 respondents, 68.7% were female and 22.6% were URM. There were 22.6% male non-URM, 7.4% male URM, 53.5% female non-URM, and 15.2% female URM respondents. The predominant reasons for hesitancy toward neurosurgery included work/life integration, length of training, competitiveness of residency position, and perceived malignancy of the field. Females were more hesitant toward neurosurgery due to maternity/paternity needs (p = 0.005), the absence of seeing people like them in the field (p < 0.001), and opportunities to pursue health equity work (p < 0.001). Females were more likely to have difficulties finding a mentor in neurosurgery who represented their identities (p = 0.017). URM students were more hesitant toward neurosurgery due to not seeing people like them in the field (p < 0.001). Subanalysis revealed that when students were stratified by both gender and URM status, there were more reasons for hesitancy toward neurosurgery that had significant differences between groups (male URM, male non-URM, female URM, and female non-URM students), suggesting the importance of intersectionality in this analysis. The authors highlight the implications of gender and racial diversity in the neurosurgical workforce on medical student interest and recruitment. Their findings suggest the importance of actively working to address these barriers, including 1) maternity/paternity policy reevaluation, standardization, and dissemination; and 2) actively providing resources for the creation of mentorship relationships for both women and URM students in an effort to create a workforce that aligns with the changing demographics of medical graduates to continue to improve diversity in neurosurgery.

Importance of Undergraduate Research in Medical and Dental Curriculum

INTRODUCTIONThe quality of medical education has attracted considerable interest during the last few years. This interest is especially concerned with the question of how education can be made more relevant to the needs of today’s society. Emerging changes in today’s society such as rapid advances in technology, changes in demographics, environmental factors and life style may require a revision in the present system of education in such a way that students of health profession are trained to deal with problems in the future, preparing themselves to become active, independent learners and problem-solvers, rather than more or less passive recipients of information. The recent trend in medical and dental education is introduction of undergraduate research in the medical and dental curriculum. The present article reviews and describes the importance of undergraduate research to teach students how to conduct research and to develop necessary skills that can be applied outside the academic environment, to produce competent doctors and enhance patient outcomes.

Is the 95°blade plate still important in the treatment of proximal femoral pseudarthrosis?

Due to demographic changes, fractures and subsequently delayed fracture healing as well as pseudarthrosis of the proximal femur are on the increase. In the acute fracture situation, aload-stable treatment with an intramedullary implant (cephalomedullary nail) is generally sought. To date, there is no uniform consensus on the optimal treatment for complicated cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome after revision of pseudarthrosis using a95° blade plate in aseptic proximal femoral pseudarthrosis and to identify the specifications of blade plate treatment.The retrospective study design was used to evaluate data, some of which were prospectively collected. The study period covered January 2010 to December 2020 and 22patients (10women, 12men) with an average age of 59years were included in this single-center study. All patients showed pseudarthrosis after afemoral fracture type AO31 A1-A3 or proximal femoral fracture type AO 32 A-C. Clinical and radiological follow-up were performed after 3, 6and 12months. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the short form health survey (SF-12).The postoperative radiological results after reosteosynthesis using ablade plate showed good results and 86.4% of the patient population were healed during the observation period. Pseudarthrosis persisted in four patients and was surgically revised.The functional results showed good results on average, albeit with ahigh dispersion of 17-91points in the mHHS. The SF-12 averaged 42.6 (±10.4) points and the psychological score49.4 (±9.6) points. The postoperative pain level was low both at rest and under stress.It was shown that reosteosynthesis with ablade plate is asurgically demanding but effective treatment option with alow potential for infection and safe bone consolidation, especially for the correction of high-grade axial deviation or varus malalignment.

Forests, Water, and Livelihoods in the Lesser Himalaya

Complex changes in land use, land cover, climate, and demographics are combining to stress water security for millions of people in the region.

Identity Politics as Lingua Franca?

Abstract Although identity politics dates back to the 1960 s, it has acquired a new urgency since the ascendance of Black Lives Matter in the late 2010 s. And while identity politics, as a critical framework, was developed in the United States, its rhetoric has since been taken up in much of the rest of the world. This article argues that the terminology of US-style identity politics is especially ill-suited to Germany, a country in which race does not exist as a legal category, and discrimination and inequality do not revolve around a Black/white axis. It points out, moreover, that the German appropriation of certain words and concepts – such as diversity, political correctness, cancel culture, woke, intersectionality, and others – clashes both with their usage and meaning in the US and with the demographic changes that have transformed post-Second World War German culture. In order to illustrate this clash, this article compares Michael R. Jackson’s Pulitzer Prize and Tony Award-winning musical A Strange Loop (2019) with Yael Ronen’s Slippery Slope (2021), a critically acclaimed musical performed in English at Berlin’s Maxim Gorki Theater. It critiques Slippery Slope’s appropriation of the buzzwords of identity politics and notes with regret that German theatres are ill-equipped to perform the plays of the most important playwrights working in the US today, a new generation of African American writers, including Jackson, whose work is steeped in the performance traditions of Black American cultures.

Investigating the trend of demographic changes, mortality, clinical and paraclinical findings of patients hospitalized in the Corona ward, before and after the start of general vaccination of COVID-19

BackgroundPrioritizing prevention over treatment has been a longstanding principle in the world health system. This study aims to compare the demographic changes, mortality, clinical, and paraclinical findings of patients hospitalized in the Corona ward before and after the start of general vaccination.MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilized the simple random sampling method in 2022, analyzing 300 medical records of patients admitted to the Corona ward at 22 Bahman Khaf Hospital. Data were collected using a checklist with the help of the Medical Care Monitoring System and analyzed using SPSS-22 statistical software and Chi-square statistical test at a significance level of p < 0.05.ResultsBefore the start of general vaccination for COVID-19, the majority of patients were hospitalized in the Corona Intensive Care Unit (59.3%), aged between 51 and 65 years (47.3%), hospitalized for more than 3 days (54%), required intubation (49.3%), had SPO2 < 93% (60.7%), and exhibited common symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and loss of consciousness. Paraclinical findings included positive CRP, decreased lymphocytes, and ground glass opacity (GGO). After the start of general vaccination for COVID-19, most patients were hospitalized in the general care department of Corona (68%), aged between 36 and 50 years (47.3%), hospitalized for less than three days (66%), required intubation (20%), had SPO2 ≥ 93% (77.3%), and exhibited common symptoms such as weakness, headache, and body pain. Paraclinical findings were within the normal range.ConclusionsGeneral vaccination for COVID-19 has significantly reduced patient mortality and morbidity. Health policymakers should prioritize general vaccination to achieve herd immunity and improve public health.