Demographic Behavior Research Articles

Development of a Frailty Prediction Model Among Older Adults in China: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis Using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey

ABSTRACTAimsTo identify the risk factors associated with frailty among older adults in China and develop a predictive model for assessing their frailty risk.DesignSecondary cross‐sectional analysis.MethodsThe 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) provided data for this study. A total of 9006 participants were included in the analysis. Their general demographic, socioeconomic status and health behaviour risk factors were collected in the CLHLS. Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index. A visual nomogram model was constructed based on independent predictors identified using multivariate analysis. The nomogram's discrimination and calibration capabilities were evaluated using the C‐statistics and calibration curves. A 1000‐times resampling enhanced bootstrap method was performed for internal validation of the nomogram.ResultsThe results showed that living in rural settings, having a primary education level, having a spouse, having basic living security, smoking, drinking, exercising and social activities were protective factors against frailty. Increasing age, being underweight or obese, adverse self‐assessed economic status and poor sleep quality were risk factors of frailty. The AUC values of the internal validation set were 0.830. The calibration curve was close to ideal. The Brier score was 0.122. The above results showed that the nomogram model had a good predictive performance.ConclusionsA simple and fast frailty risk prediction model was developed in this study to help healthcare professionals screen older adults at high risk of frailty in China.ImpactThe frailty risk prediction model will assist healthcare professionals in risk management and decision‐making and provide targeted frailty prevention interventions. Screening high‐risk older adults and early intervention can reduce the risk of adverse outcomes and save medical expenses for older adults and society, thereby realising cost‐effective planning of health resources and healthy ageing.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution. This study was a cross‐sectional, secondary analysis of the CLHLS data.

Untangling the Role of Assortative Mating in Educational Reproduction in Twelve European Countries

In this study, we explore how educational differences in demographic behavior – in particular, mating patterns and fertility – mediate the intergenerational reproduction of educational inequality in twelve European countries. Although this research interest itself is not new, we contribute to this debate by adopting a prospective approach and scaling it to include multiple countries and cohorts. To this end, we leverage a series of complementary datasets and the inferential method developed by Song and Mare (2015) and advanced by Skopek and Leopold (2020) to estimate the components of a stylized educational reproduction model. We then employ a simple decomposition analysis to quantify the contributions of different pathways to prospective educational reproduction rates across educational backgrounds and explore the differences across cohorts and countries. We report several findings. Most notably, (1) the intergenerational reproduction of educational inequality persists in all twelve countries and is barely offset by small (and declining) negative educational gradients in fertility, (2) educational differences in selection into partnership are small and do not account for much inequality, and (3) the role of assortative mating, where present, is ambiguous because it both reinforces inequality via its effects on resources within the family and offsets it via its effects on fertility. * This article belongs to a special issue on “Changes in Educational Homogamy and Its Consequences”.

Depopulation and its Socio-Economic Consequences. Romania Case Study

Depopulation is a characteristic phenomenon for the Central and Eastern European space that gained in amplitude especially after 1990 in the context of political-ideological changes that affected the states of this region and that also led to changes in demographic behavior. These consisted, on the one hand, in the abolition of pro-natalist policies from the communist period and, on the other hand, in the intensification of emigration flows in connection with the economic and social discrepancies and the free movement of persons. In this context, the paper analyzes the evolution of Romania’s population in a global and European context, the factors that determined its sharp population decline, as well as its economic and social consequences. Also, the demographic characteristics of Romania and future trends regarding the peculiarities and dynamics of the Romanian population are highlighted.

The Impact of Different Types of Short Video-Linked Advertisements on Consumer Avoidance Behavior: A Case Study of Douyin Advertisements

With the rapid growth of the Internet, short videos have become increasingly significant in the advertising industry. Advertising linked to short videos has progressively emerged as a primary marketing strategy. However, certain categories of customers cannot be accurately targeted with advertisements, leading to dissatisfaction among some viewers of short videos. Consequently, ads associated with videos often result in consumer avoidance behavior. This article investigates and analyzes the impact of different types of short video-linked advertisements on consumer avoidance behavior, drawing on a variety of previous studies. The findings highlight the demographic traits and behaviors of consumers who tend to avoid product-related marketing in short videos. In an effort to address this issue, the study also provides comprehensive solutions and strategies to mitigate consumer avoidance and improve the effectiveness of short video advertisements. Moreover, the growth of online shopping has influenced consumer behavior and preferences, further emphasizing the need for effective advertisement strategies. By understanding the factors that contribute to ad avoidance and tailoring advertisements to meet consumer needs better, advertisers can enhance viewer satisfaction and engagement. This research contributes to the broader understanding of advertising dynamics in the digital age and offers practical insights for marketers aiming to optimize their short video advertising campaigns.

Residential Mobility in Childhood and Union Dissolution Later in Life

The limited existing literature studying the effects of childhood residential mobility suggests that it influences a range of life outcomes, at least in young adulthood. Little is known about how the frequency of moving in childhood is related to later-life demographic behaviour in Europe. Drawing on residential and partnership histories from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this paper examines whether moving in childhood relates to union dissolution in adulthood. It empirically addresses two theoretical explanations underlying the potential association: First, according to the confounding hypothesis, effects of childhood residential mobility differ by family background and resources. Second, the family stress model suggests that the accumulated stress and conflicts associated with frequent residential mobility disrupt the family and child’s social ties, resulting in worse relationship skills in later life (mediation hypothesis). Applying discrete-time event history analysis to individuals born between 1945 and 1965 in Sweden, Denmark, and Finland, we find a significant association between childhood moves (prior to age 17) and adult union dissolution. The effect’s strength varies based on the number of childhood moves, demonstrating a clear gradient. Notably, adults with three or more childhood moves exhibit a 55% higher likelihood of union dissolution compared to non-movers. These associations persist even after accounting for childhood background factors, while family stress mediates the link partially. Our findings shed light on the role of spatial mobility in shaping demographic outcomes and underscore its potential contribution to the accumulation and reproduction of life disadvantages.

Factors Related to mHealth App Use Among Japanese Workers: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Health care providers can make health guidance more effective by using mobile health technologies such as health apps. Although health care providers need to know who uses health apps, existing studies have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of the study was (1) to clarify the prevalence and patterns of health app use to improve health behaviors for preventing lifestyle-related diseases among Japanese workers and (2) to identify the associations among demographic characteristics, health behavior, and internet use and health app use by gender. Data were collected from a cross-sectional internet survey in 2023. In total, 2200 participants were included, with an even distribution of men and women in each age group aged 20 to 60 years. The participants were workers with smartphones and reported their gender, age, residence area, marital status, education, employment status, occupation, work pattern, diseases under treatment, health checkups, health guidance, health behaviors, internet use duration, and number of devices used. We asked about current and previous health app use for 1 month. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted by gender. Of the participants, 472 (21.5%) and 189 (8.6%) were current and previous health app users, respectively. Most current and previous health app users used features that record and track their physical activity and other health behaviors. Health app users-both men and women-were more likely to have health checkups (odds ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% CI 1.12-2.11 and OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10-2.07, respectively), receive health guidance (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.47-2.74 and OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.32-2.62, respectively), engage in regular physical activity (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.91-3.47 and OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.41-2.67, respectively), use the internet for 120-179 minutes per day (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.13-2.75 and OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.12-2.57, respectively), and were less likely to be older (50-59 years: OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33-0.88 and OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.25-0.6, respectively, and 60-69 years: OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22-0.62 and OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.77, respectively). According to gender, male health app users were more likely to be married (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.23-2.33) and less likely to work in the security, agriculture, forestry, fishing, manufacturing, or transportation industries (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.95). Female health app users were more likely to have a university education or higher (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.061-2.26), maintain an appropriate body weight (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10-2.11), and use 3 or more devices (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.41-3.23). Physical activity and health guidance are strong predictors of app use. Health care providers should assess the target populations' preferences for app use based on their characteristics, support their app use, and enhance the effectiveness of health guidance.

Unnecessary antibiotic use in men who have sex with men (MSM) with anogenital symptoms attending a sexual health clinic: a retrospective analysis

ObjectivesTo quantify the amount of unnecessary antibiotics, in particular ceftriaxone, given to men who have sex with men (MSM) with anogenital symptoms as part of presumptive management in an urban...

Social support and health behaviors of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a moderated mediation model of loneliness and economic income

BackgroundThe literature shows that social support is an important factor influencing health behaviors. This study aimed to explore the relationships and intrinsic pathways of social support, loneliness, economic income, and health behaviors among older adults during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of health behaviors interventions for older adults.MethodsA cluster-random-sampling survey was adopted within two towns in Dongguan, China. Demographic characteristics, social support, loneliness, economic income and health behaviors were measured. The Social Support Appraisals scale (SS-A), the ULS-8 Loneliness Scale, and the Self-rated abilities for health practice scale (SRAHPS) were used to measure social support, loneliness, and health behaviors in older adults, respectively. A moderated mediation model was built to examine the relationships among social support, loneliness, economic income, and health behaviors using the SPSS PROCESS 4.0 macro. We conducted bootstrapping of regression estimates with 5000 samples and a 95% confidence interval.Results621 older adults completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants were female, accounting for 75.0%, and the average age was 81.11 years (SD = 8.11). The median (interquartile range) of the participants’ average monthly economic income was 800 (500–1000)RMB. The results of the mediation analysis showed that loneliness partly mediated the relationship between social support and health behaviors (B = 0.024, 95%CI: 0.007, 0.042), with the mediating effect accounting for 4.56% of the total effect. The moderation mediation analysis revealed a positive moderating role of economic income in the relationship between social support and loneliness (B = 0.114, 95%CI: 0.054, 0.174). Specifically, the relationship between social support and loneliness was found to be weaker for older adults with a high economic income compared to those with a lower economic income.ConclusionThe provision of enhanced social support and the alleviation of loneliness among older adults during an epidemic can facilitate the development of healthy behaviours, particularly among those who are economically disadvantaged.

Multilevel survival analysis of the age at first birth among women in Ethiopia.

The age at first birth refers to the age at which a woman has her first child. It can significantly influence the demographic behavior of women and the general community. Moreover, teenage childbearing is a serious public health and social problem. The main objective of this study was to identify factors associated with age at first birth among women in Ethiopia. Secondary data on women were obtained from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). These population-based cross-sectional data were downloaded from the Measure Demographic and Health Survey website (http://www.measuredhs.com). The study included a random sample of 8,885 women aged 15-49 years from 305 enumeration areas. A multilevel survival analysis was employed to identify the factors associated with teenage childbearing among women in Ethiopia. The majority (67.7%) of randomly sampled women were subjected to teenage childbearing. Women being rural dwellers [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.54]; women from middle-income families (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.74); and women from higher-income families (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.70) were associated with a higher risk of teenage childbearing. Conversely, contraception method users (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.99), Muslims (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.89), Orthodoxes (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.80), women with secondary education (HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.65), women with higher education (HR = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.37), and the higher age of household head (HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99) were associated with a lower risk of teenage childbearing among women in Ethiopia. Since the median age of women to have their first child was 18 years old, this study strongly suggests that stakeholders at the federal and regional levels must work closely toward enforcing the legal age of marriage and implementing national adolescents' and youths' targeted sexual and reproductive health programs.

Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on mobility behavior of public transport passengers: the case of Metropolitan Area of Porto

Public transport systems worldwide experienced significant declines in usage during the COVID-19 pandemic due to lockdowns and work-from-home mandates. While numerous studies have examined these phenomena, there is still a need for empirical evidence that not only documents what occurred but also provides actionable insights for future transport planning. This study aims to enhance understanding of public transport passengers’ mobility behaviors during different stages of the pandemic, using the Metropolitan Area of Porto, Portugal, as a case study. Automated Fare Collection data from 2020 were analyzed and compared with data from the pre-pandemic year of 2019. The analysis included temporal, spatial, spatio-temporal, and sociodemographic dimensions. Key patterns and trends identified include a rapid recovery of ridership post-restriction easing, homogenized daily travel patterns, varied impacts on different transport modes, and significant shifts in demographic travel behaviors. These findings highlight the resilience of public transport demand and suggest that adaptive scheduling, enhanced safety measures, targeted support for vulnerable groups, promotion of off-peak travel, investment in bus infrastructure, and encouragement of multi-modal transport are essential strategies. Implementing these strategies can help improve public transport planning and mitigate the adverse effects of future crises.

Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome amongst adult residents: A cross-sectional study in a rapidly urbanized Southern Chinese city.

We aimed to investigate and summarize dietary patterns and explore the association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components among adult residents in a rapidly urbanized city. We employed a multi-stage random sampling method to select 1000 adult residents who underwent a comprehensive survey, including questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made when the participant met 3 or more of the 5 criteria outlined in the "2017 Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 diabetes." Factor analysis and a nonconditioned logistic regression model were used. Nine hundred seventy-five participants with a mean (SD) age of 41.08 (11.06) were included. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 19.4% (n = 189). Significant differences were observed between the MS and non-MS groups in terms of patient characteristics in terms of sex (P < .001), age (P < .001), education (P < .001), marital status (P = .025), smoking (P < .001), and alcohol consumption (P = .044). Three dietary patterns were summarized: traditional, coastal, and meat. The coastal pattern was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of MS (P < .001), elevated blood pressure (P < .001), and high triglyceride levels (P = .03). However, in the multivariate analysis, we found no significant associations between dietary patterns and MS or its components after adjusting the demographic characteristics and behaviors, even when the P-value was close to .05. In this study, we did not find an association between dietary patterns and MS and its components after adjusting covariates as much as possible in Pingshan, Shenzhen, a rapidly urbanized city, but underscore the potential health benefits of the coastal dietary pattern, which highlights the importance of conducting further research for a comprehensive understanding.

Murder or manslaughter: the role of premeditation and associated behavioural characteristics

ABSTRACT Behavioural differences between murder and manslaughter have rarely been empirically assessed. By examining real-world data, assessment of this type helps ensure that the legal classification and sentencing framework aligns with the nuances of criminal behaviour and contributes to just outcomes. Additionally, empirical assessment of differences between offence types provides an inclusionary/exclusionary basis in the pooling of samples. This study examined the relationships between demographic and crime-scene behaviours with conviction outcome (i.e. either murder or manslaughter) in 253 New Zealand homicides. Premeditated intent to kill was highly associated with murder as the conviction outcome; however, lower levels of premeditation were not. Other significant predictors were primarily those of a mitigating nature; a victim provoking an attacker or an offender attempting to save the victim were observed to potentially reduce the likelihood of a murder conviction, while aggravating factors such as the use of a weapon increased this likelihood. Most variables did not significantly predict conviction outcome for either homicide type, indicating these types of crimes are perhaps more similar than they are different. Overall, this study helped reveal an intricate interplay of factors which impact on homicide conviction outcomes, shedding light on the decision-making process within the criminal justice system.

IPUMS Multigenerational Longitudinal Panel

Over the past five years, the IPUMS Multigenerational Longitudinal Panel (MLP) has constructed a massive longitudinal population panel by linking together American censuses, surveys, administrative sources, and vital records spanning the period from 1850 to the present. MLP is designed as a general-purpose resource for studying longitudinal processes and long-run social and economic change. By linking individuals across generations from birth through death using data from multiple sources, MLP enables reproducible research on shifting patterns of life course patterns and intergenerational processes. The large scale of the MLP database allows researchers both to study particular communities and small dispersed populations and to conduct big studies spanning many places and periods. Data that allow investigators to examine simultaneously the broad sweep of time and fine spatial detail will yield new insights into ongoing transformations of demographic behavior. The presentation will describe the creation of the IPUMS MLP database and the current MLP linking strategy. We then detail our plans for expansion and improvement of MLP over the next five years, including the incorporation of additional data sources, the development of a “linkage hub” to connect MLP with other major record linkage efforts, and the refinement of our technology and dissemination efforts. We will conclude by describing a few early examples of MLP-based research.

Impulsivity in antisocial personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in prison population

This study examined impulsivity in antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in the context of criminal offending. Participants completed the Demographic, Criminal, and Institutional Behavior Interview, the International Personality Disorder Examination, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and the Impulsive Behavior Scale, that the APD and OCPD groups can commit the same crimes (against people and against objects). The results revealed that ASPD and OCPD groups can commit the same crimes (against human and against objects), although they differ in terms of impulsivity [Negative Urgency (UN), Sensation Seeking (BS) and Positive Urgency (UP)], with the OCPD group scoring lower on these dimensions. In the ASPD group, those who had committed crimes against human scored higher in UN, BS and UP than those who had committed crimes against objects. In the OCPD group, those who had committed crimes against human scored higher on UN and lower on BS and UP than those who had committed crimes against objects. The importance of analyzing personality disorder profiles for a better understanding of criminal behavior is emphasized.

Ethnodemographic Processes in the Border Regions of Asian Russia in the New Conditions of the Turn to the East

The analysis of ethnodemographic processes is relevant not only because of the negative demographic trends growing in the regions of Asian Russia, but also in connection with Russia’s turn to the East. The authors of the article give a detailed description of the modern ethnic composition of the population in the regions of the Ural, Siberian, and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation and the regions bordering them, those of Kazakhstan, China, and Mongolia. The object of the study were Russians, Kazakhs, Tuvinians, Mongols, and Chinese. Special attention is paid to the analysis of their number and location, and the identification of factors and consequences of changes in the ethnic composition of the population. A definitive feature of the border regions is the high proportion and absolute number of those peoples who make up the majority of the population of neighboring States. At the same time, the demographic behavior of the peoples living on different sides of the border differs. In studying the ethnodemographic processes, the increasing demographic asymmetry between the regions of Russia and neighboring states causes the greatest attention and certain concern. In the regions of the Asian part of Russia, the total population is decreasing, largely due to Russians who have a predominant model of reproduction of the population with a low birth rate and relatively high mortality. Kazakhs, Buryats, and Tuvinians in Russia are characterized by stable numbers and reproduction, although there is a tendency to decrease the birth rate. In the border areas of Kazakhstan, the tendency towards a decrease in the number of the Russian population and its replacement by a titular nationality does not weaken.

The Black Death, Girl Power, and the Emergence of the European Marriage Pattern in England

This article critiques the debate over the extent to which labor shortages caused by the Black Death and subsequent epidemics empowered women economically, and whether this had significant implications for overall demographic behavior and long-term economic performance. Some historians have argued that after ca. 1350 women in the North Sea region were drawn into the land and labor markets to a far greater extent than women in other parts of Europe, and in particular into employment as single live-in servants, which led to a rise in the average age of women at first marriage and the proportion of women never marrying. This in turn led to the formation of the European Marriage Pattern (EMP), which is associated with fertility restriction and higher levels of household income. The evidence and arguments underpinning this viewpoint are critically evaluated for England, where by 1600 the EMP was certainly established. The extant sources do not enable us to measure the extent of women's financial gains after the Black Death, or to assess changes in their marital choices. There is no convincing evidence for any rise in the proportion of single female servants in the century after the Black Death or for the existence of the EMP before 1550. Young women did not increase their participation in the land market in order to construct a marriage fund. The article concludes by assessing the possible chronologies of England's transition to the EMP, and by suggesting new lines of enquiry about structural changes in women's work during the sixteenth century.

Metabolites Link Intake of a Healthy Diet to Better Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis in the Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study

BackgroundDietary quality has been linked to better glycemic control, but the precise molecular mechanisms giving rise to these associations are not fully understood. ObjectivesTo examine the association of metabolites associated with the intake of a healthy diet with measures of insulin/glucose homeostasis. MethodsUsing cross-sectional data from 295 United States adults, the associations between 3 diet pattern scores and metabolome-wide metabolites were estimated via linear regression models, which controlled for demographic factors and health behaviors. Subsequently, the associations between the diet-related metabolites with 6 measures of glucose/insulin homeostasis were examined in similar models. A Bonferroni correction was applied to control the familywise error rate at 5%. ResultsFifty-five metabolites were significantly associated with ≥1 diet score (all P < 1.7∗10–5). When these were summed into each of the 3 diet-specific metabolite summary scores, all 3 aggregate measures showed strong associations with 5 out of 6 measures of glucose/insulin homeostasis (P = 9.7∗10–5–4.1∗10–13). ConclusionsAdherence to a priori-defined “healthy diet” is associated with the plasma metabolites that, in turn, are associated with better glycemia. If the associations between replicated in future studies and examined using large-scale longitudinal data, the identified molecules could yield insights into mechanisms by which diet may support glucose and insulin homeostasis.

Demographic behaviour of the Scheduled Castes People of Dhubri District of Assam with a focus on their attitude to family planning and the adoption behaviour of family planning measures.

Knowledge and practice of family planning is one of the important variables regulation fertility of a couple. Bongaarts has suggested that family planning programmes not only reduce fertility, but they also help in diffusion of knowledge about fertility regulation1. Contraceptives use take place because of two reasons - for fertility control and for spacing. Initially, family planning methods were adopted only for birth control, but at present most of the newly married couples use it for spacing. The acquisition of knowledge and practice of family planning, a proximate determinant of fertility differentials, depend on different socio-economic and demographic variables. (Such as education of the mothers, occupation of the wives, total family income, live birth, age at marriage etc.) The immediate objective of the National Population Policy (2000) is to address unmet needs for contraception. Couples protection rate is an indicator of the prevalence of contraceptives practice in a population. It is defined as percent of eligible couples effectively protected against childbirth by one or other approved methods of family planning.2 Thegeneral objective of the research study is to highlight thedemographic behaviour of the Scheduled Castes People of Assam and their attitudes towards family planning and family planning measures. The specific objectives of the study is to study the level of penetration of family planning knowledge and the level of practicing such knowledge among the respondent females Scheduled Castes of Assam. The research project will be primarily based on field data collected from the sample households of the sample villages with the help of a series of questionnaires prepared for the purpose. The samples will be selected with the help of multi-phased (Stratified) sample technique both random and purposive.

HPV infection patterns and viral load distribution: implication on cervical cancer prevention in Western Kenya.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) coinfection remains common globally. However, its clinical significance compared to mono-infection remains controversial. Further, the epidemiology of HPV genotype combination in coinfection is not well studied in Kenya. . Between June and August 2023, a cross-sectional facility-based survey enrolled 434 women aged 16-68 years using purposive sampling strategy. Structured questionnaire was obtained from each woman regarding demographic and sexual behavior characteristics. Cervical specimen was collected from each participant and analyzed using RIATOL assay to determine HPV genotypes and viral load. Overall, HPV 52 was the most frequently detected HPV strain. The mean HPV viral load was elevated among coinfected women than those with mono-infection but there was no evidence to support differences in viral load in the two groups (P = 0.113). Mono-infection was common (58.52%). HPV 16 was noted to have a near equal presence both in mono-infection and coinfection (52.17% and 47. 83%), respectively. HPV 33 (alpha 9) and 45 (alpha 7) had the greatest preference for each other compared to all other HPV interactions. HPV 52 is the most prevalent HPV in the population supporting the need for the nonavalent HPV vaccine. Mono-infection with HPV 16 remains common corroborating the relevance of bivalent vaccine in resource limited setting where nonavalent vaccines may be unavailable. The frequent coinfection preference of HPV 33 and 45 (alpha 9 and alpha 7, respectively) pauses the need for further concurrent characterization. HPV vaccination and education on safe sexual behaviors is key in reducing HPV coinfection.

Associations of demographic, health, and risk-taking behaviors with tattooing in a population-based cross-sectional study of ~18,000 US adults.

Little is known about current characteristics of individuals with tattoos. We quantified the prevalence of tattooing and associations of demographic, health, and risk-behavior factors with tattooing. We computed adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of tattooing in a population-based analysis of > 18,000 Utah adults from the 2020-2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. The prevalence of tattooing was 26% among women and 22% among men, with the highest prevalence among women ages 25-29 (45%). Tattoo prevalence was higher among younger individuals, individuals with a lower education level, and those without religious affiliation. Tattoo prevalence was higher among indviduals with current tobacco (women: PR = 2.89 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.60, 3.20]; men: 3.39 [2.98, 3.86]), e-cigarette (women: 2.44 [2.21, 2.69]; men: 2.64 [2.37, 2.94]), and heavy alcohol use (women: 2.16 [1.93, 2.43]; men: 1.89 [1.63, 2.19]). Tattoo prevalence was lower among individuals receiving a flu (women: 0.84 [0.76, 0.92]; men: 0.75 [0.67, 0.84]) or COVID-19 vaccine (women: 0.65 [0.54, 0.79]; men: 0.75 [0.61, 0.92]). Several risk-taking behaviors were associated with tattooing. Tattoo studios/conventions may present opportunities for partnership with tobacco cessation, alcohol reduction, and vaccination public health initiatives.