Democratic Parental Attitudes Research Articles

MATERNAL ÇOCUK YETİŞTİRME TUTUMU VE ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK DÖNEMİNDEKİ DAVRANIŞ PROBLEMLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between maternal child rearing attitude and behavioral problems in early childhood.
 Method: The study is a descriptive research type. The sample of the study consisted of 756 mothers with children enrolled in preschool education in public schools within the borders of city center in the 2022-2023 academic year. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form, Preschool Behavioral Problems Screening Scale (PBPSS) and Child Raising Attitude Scale (CRAS). The data were transferred to the SPSS 22.0 program and evaluated using descriptive statistical analyses and Pearson Correlation Analysis.
 Results: 66.7% of the mothers and 45.6% of the fathers were between the ages of 26-35, 54.4% of the mothers and 55.6% of the fathers had undergraduate/graduate education. The mean age (months) of the children was 63.70 (5.59). The mean total score of the PBPSS was 11.63 (5.78). The scores of the mothers on the democratic, authoritarian, protective, and overly tolerant sub-dimensions of the CRAS were 10.51 (2.71); 20.01 (2.15); 21.51 (2.73); and 19.63 (2.44), respectively. In this study, it was determined that mothers with democratic parental attitudes decreased behavioral problems in children, while mothers with authoritarian, protective and overly tolerant attitudes increased behavioral problems in children (p

EXAMINATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE'S FAMILY BELONGING ACCORDING TO PARENTAL ATTITUDE PERCEPTION AND SOME VARIABLES

This study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between the perception of family authority and the level of family sense of belonging among young people. Data were collected from 217 students who continue their education in the department of child development at the associate and undergraduate levels at Kırıkkale University. “Family Sense of Belonging Scale" was used to measure the sense of belonging, and "Parental Attitude Scale" was used to measure the perception of family authority. According to the results obtained from the research, a significant difference was found between the oppressive-extremely controlling parental attitudes and the democratic and liberating parental attitudes in the sub-dimension of self-belonging. In addition, a significant difference was found between the oppressive-extremely controlling parental attitude and the democratic and liberating groups in general family sense of belonging. Over-controlling parental attitudes decrease self-relatedness and general family belonging relatively compared to other dimensions. It was determined that the protective-demanding parental attitude was the most common perception among the participants, followed by the democratic parental attitudes. It was concluded that the general family belonging of the participants was high, and especially the self-affirmation was higher than the sub-dimension of family sense of belonging. It was concluded that the perception of family sense of belonging was highest in family structures where the best understood member of the family was the mother, and the perception of family belonging was the lowest in the participants who got along best with their grandparents.

Cinsel istismara uğrayan ergenlerde bağlanma stili, ana-baba tutumu, depresyon ve anksiyetenin değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada cinsel istismar mağduru ergenlerin sosyodemografik özelliklerinin ve uğradıkları cinsel istismarın özelliklerinin tanımlanması; bununla birlikte bu ergenlerin bağlanma stillerinin, ana-baba tutumlarının, depresyon ve anksiyete ölçek puanlarının cinsel istismara uğramayan kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
 Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini 13-18 yaş grubundaki cinsel istismara uğrayan 34 ergen ve cinsel istismara uğramayan 34 ergen oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya katılan tüm ergenlerin sosyodemografik verileri toplanmıştır. Cinsel istismara uğrayan ve uğramayan ergenlerin bağlanma stillerini, ebeveyn tutumlarını, depresyon ve anksiyete şiddetini karşılaştırmak için İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi, Ana-baba Tutum Ölçeği, Çocuklar için Depresyon Ölçeği ve Durumluk-Süreklilik Kaygı Envanterinden yararlanılmıştır.
 Bulgular: Olguların yaş ortalaması 15,29±1,31 olarak saptanmıştır. Cinsel istismar grubunun korkulu bağlanma alt ölçek puan ortalamaları kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Cinsel istismar grubunun kontrol grubuna göre ebeveyn tutumları açısından otoriter tutum alt ölçek ortalamalarının anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsel istismar grubunun depresyon ve durumluk-süreklilik anksiyete puan ortalamasının kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu da saptanmıştır.
 Sonuç: Cinsel istismara uğrayan çocuk ve ergenlerin sosyodemografik özelliklerinin, istismara ait özelliklerin ve risk faktörlerinin tanımlanması, anne ve çocuk etkileşiminin arttırılması, güvenli bağlanmanın gerçekleşmesine yönelik ana-baba eğitimlerinin olması, demokratik ana-baba tutumunun benimsenmesi çocuk ve ergenlerin ruh sağlığını korumak açısından son derece önemlidir.

Parental attitude and Instagram addiction: The mediating role of obsessive‐compulsive disorder

AbstractThe study examined the relationship between democratic, authoritarian, and protective‐demanding parental attitudes, obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), and Instagram addiction. It is based on the correlational research design in which the structural relationships between the variables were used. The study was carried out on 421 university students using Instagram. Of the students participating in the study, 233 were females (55.3%), and 188 were males (44.7%). Parental attitude scale, Instagram addiction scale, and OCD scale were used for the data collection, and Structural Equation Modeling was used for the data analysis. According to the study results, protective/demanding parental attitude significantly predicts OCD, OCD significantly indicates Instagram addiction, and OCD mediates the relationship between protective/demanding parental attitude and Instagram addiction. Conversely, democratic parental attitude does not predict OCD, and authoritarian parental attitude does not predict OCD. Based on the results of this study, protective/demanding parental involvement should be considered when preparing a strategic move to reduce OCD and prevent Instagram addiction among young people. In this a mediation model, the focus of intervention is OCD. Therefore, based on the results of this study, OCD should be considered when preparing a strategic move to prevent or treat Instagram addiction among young people.

The Effect of Breastfeeding Duration and Parental Attitudes on Academic Success

This study aims to reveal the relationship between the academic success of the students and the duration of breastfeeding, parental attitude, and other variables.
 This cross-sectional study was conducted among 9th-grade high school students in 2019. A total of 501 students and their families participated in the research.
 Academic success in order of importance in multivariable linear regression analysis, the increase in the education level of the father, the preparation for the exam, the increase in the protective and democratic parental attitude, the shortening of the first walking age, and the increase in the maternal age increase the high school exam score. Breastfeeding duration and authoritarian parental attitudes were not found to be statistically significant.
 The protective and democratic attitude of the parents, the high level of father education, and early walking positively affect academic success, while the breastfeeding duration is insignificant.

The Investigation of University Students Social Problem-solving Skills in Terms of Perceived Parental Attitudes and Cognitive Flexibility Levels

The aim of this study is to determine whether social problem-solving skills and perceived parental attitudes and cognitive flexibility levels differ according to gender, to examine the relationships between these variables and to determine the level of predicting the social problem-solving skill of university students by parental attitude and cognitive flexibility. For this purpose, data was obtained by applying Personal Information Form, Social Problem-solving Inventory-Short Form (SPÇE-KF), Parental Attitude Scale (ABTÖ), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (BEE) to 574 university students. For statistical analysis, Independent Groups T Test, the Pearson Product-Moments Correlation Analysis, Multiple Hierarchical Regression Analysis were used. According to the results of the study, it was seen that the negative orientation to the problem, democratic, protective and authoritarian parental attitude mean scores were significantly different by gender. Significant correlations were found between the total scores from the Social Problem-solving Inventory and the predictive variables Parental Attitude Scale sub-dimensions and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory sub-dimensions. Democratic parental attitude, authoritarian parental attitude, cognitive flexibility sub-dimensions which are alternatives and control are significant predictors of social problem-solving total score. Independent variables explain 46% of the total variance related to social problem-solving inventory total score.

A Research on the Relationship between Parental Attitudes, Students’ Academic Motivation and Personal Responsibility

This study examines the predictive effect of parental attitudes on high school students’ academic motivation and personal responsibility levels. In this research predictive correlation model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used. 368 students attending the 10th grade in 6 different high schools participated in the study. Parental Attitudes Scale, Academic Motivation Scale and Personal Responsibility Scale were used as data collection tools. Independent samples t-test and MANOVA were performed to determine gender effect on parental attitudes, academic motivation and personal responsibility and Pearson Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression were performed to determine the relationship between parental attitudes, academic motivation and personal responsibility. According to the results, parental attitudes are a significant predictor of personal responsibility and academic motivation of high school students. Democratic parental attitude predicts personal responsibility levels by 31.2% and academic motivation level by 25.7%. In this context, it can be said that the support of parents with democratic attitude provides a positive contribution to students’ academic success, social and personal competencies.

Parental Attitudes and Socio-demographic Factors as Predictors of Smartphone Addiction in University Students

The aim of the study is to examine predictive effect of parental attitudes and socio-demographic variables (age, gender, time spent on smartphone, number of siblings, students’ feeling social, and parental education level) in university students’ addiction to smartphones. Participants included 670 university students whose age ranged between 18-30 years (M=21.6, SD=6.3). Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and Parental Attitude Scale (PAS) and Socio-Demographic Information Form were used to collect data. The results showed that age, gender, parental education level, time spent on smartphone, number of siblings, and state of feeling social and parental attitudes predicted a significant amount of variance (11%) in smartphone addiction. The students’ perception of feeling social and parental attitudes functioned as a moderator on their smartphone addiction. It was revealed that the perception to be social softened the relation between authoritarian parental attitude and smartphone addiction. Furthermore, students experienced less smartphone addiction when their perception of feeling social and democratic parental attitudes were taken together. A negative and significant relation was found between democratic and authoritarian parental attitudes and smartphone addiction. A positive and significant relation was established between protective parental attitude and smartphone addiction.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL STYLES WITH COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

It can be stated that the relationships that parents have with their children in the preschool period have a great impact on their future social-emotional lives and a significant part of learning takes place in the preschool period. Considering those parents' attitudes during child-rearing may affect the child's development and interpersonal relationships; this study aims to examine the relationship between parental attitudes and communication skills of 36-72 monthold children attending preschool education institutions. This research: parents' attitudes concerning reveal the relationship between preschool children's communication skills, preschool in Turkey period in terms of the lack of a sufficient number of working children about the communication skills, parents and educators; it is thought to be important in terms of providing a different perspective and contributing to the development of children's communication skills and drawing their attention to this issue, and also in terms of guiding researchers in future studies on the subject. The research was conducted using the relational scanning model. The population of this research consists of 36-72 months old children attending pre-school education institutions in Elazığ city center and Diyarbakır central districts in the 2017-2018 academic year, and parents of 36-72 months old children. The sample of the study consisted of 300 children and 320 parents randomly selected from the universe. In the research, the "Parental Attitudes Questionnaire" and "Communication Skills Scale" were used. The Parental Attitudes Determination Questionnaire consists of four parental attitudes (oppressive-authoritarian, protective, indifferent-carefree, democratic). The Communication Skills Scale consists of four communication skills (verbal communication, avoiding communication barriers, and communication with courtesy content, non-verbal communication). The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS 22 program. In the statistical evaluation, firstly, a normality test was applied to the subscales of the "Parental Attitudes Determination Questionnaire" and the "Communication Skills Scale". Since “p <0.05” in all communication skills subscales and all parental attitudes subscales, it was accepted that they did not show a normal distribution. Thus, Spearman Correlation was applied to test whether there was a significant relationship between parent attitudes and communication skills. According to the results of the research it is observed that parents adopt "Democratic Attitude" the most and "Verbal Communication Skills" are used the most by preschool children. No significant relationship was found between oppressiveauthoritarian, indifferent-carefree, and democratic parental attitudes and subscales of communication skills. Only a low level of negative correlation was found between the protective parental style and the verbal communication skills subscale. According to the results of the study, parents and educators can be trained on parent attitudes and communication skills. Educators can support the development of children with low communication skills with activities that will showcase their social skills and allow them to express themselves. To parents who show a protective attitude; children can be helped to behave in a way that supports their verbal communication skills, affects the personality development of the child positively, and allows them to develop a personality structure independent of others. This research was conducted in Elâzığ and Diyarbakır provinces. Turkey will be held in the west of the province or be provided with a contribution to the results of the research will be done with a much larger sample group. The relationship between the communication skills of preschool children and an area different from the parent attitudes can be examined.

ERGENLERDE SOSYAL GÖRÜNÜŞ KAYGISI, EBEVEYN VE AKRANA BAĞLANMANIN DEPRESYONU YORDAMADAKİ KATKISI1

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal görünüş kaygısı, ebeveyn ve akrana bağlanmanın ergenlerde depresyonu yordamadaki katkılarını incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında, Alanya’da 9., 10., 11. ve 12. sınıfta öğrenimlerine devam eden toplam 512 lise öğrencisinden oluşmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği, Ebeveyn ve Arkadaşlara Bağlanma Envanteri Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Depresyon ile sosyal görünüş kaygısı, anneye bağlanma, babaya bağlanma ve arkadaşa bağlanma arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişkilerin olduğu, adı geçen değişkenlerin birlikte depresyona ilişkin varyansın yaklaşık % 32’sini açıkladığı görülmüştür. Depresyonu yordamaya katkı sırası; sosyal görünüş kaygısı, babaya bağlanma, anneye bağlanma ve arkadaşa bağlanma şeklindedir. Bunun yanında depresyon ile cinsiyet, gelir durumu ve algılanan anne baba tutumu arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlara bakıldığında, kızların erkeklere göre; asgari ücret altı geliri olanların asgari ücretle 4000 TL arası geliri olanlara göre; otoriter, tutarsız veya ilgisiz anne baba tutumu olduğunu algılayanların demokratik anne baba tutumu olduğunu algılayanlara göre depresyon düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sınıf düzeyine göre ise depresyon düzeylerinde anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir.

THE ROLE OF PARENTAL ATTITUDES AND SCHOOL BURNOUT IN PREDICTING THE LONELINESS LEVEL

Bu araştırma; anne baba tutumları ile okul tükenmişliğinin öğrencilerin yalnızlık düzeyini ne düzeyde yordadığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın evreni, 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında İstanbul ili Küçükçekmece ilçesinde eğitimlerine devam eden ortaokul öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise Küçükçekmece’de çeşitli ortaokullarda okuyan ilköğretim II. Kademe öğrencilerinden random örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 328 öğrenci oluşmaktadır(oluşturmaktadır şeklinde yazılmalı). Verilerin toplanmasında UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği, Anne Baba Tutum Ölçeği, İlköğretim II. Kademe Öğrencileri İçin Okul Tükenmişliği Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu’ndan faydalanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Çoklu Regresyon Analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Okul tükenmişlik alt ölçeklerinden yalnızlığı en yüksek düzeyde yordayan, okulda tükenmişlik ve okula ilgi kaybı alt ölçek puanlarıdır. Okul etkinliklerinden ve aileden kaynaklı tükenmişlik puanları ile öğrencilerin yalnızlık düzeyleri arasında bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Anne baba tutumlarından yalnızlığı en yüksek düzeyde yordayan otoriter anne-baba tutum alt ölçek puanlarıdır. Koruyucu ve demokratik anne baba tutumları ile öğrencilerin yalnızlık düzeyleri arasında bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Sosyal bir varlık olan insanın yalnızlık düzeylerini etkileyen değişkenlerin ortaya konulması ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması önemli görülmektedir.

An Examination of Primary School Students' Academic Achievements and Motivation In Terms of Parents' Attitudes, Teacher Motivation, Teacher Self-efficacy and Leadership Approach

This study aims to analyze primary school students' academic achievement and motivation in terms of parental attitudes, teacher motivation, teacher self-efficacy and leadership perception. Research model of the study is designed as descriptive research model and the data are collected from 60 primary school teachers teaching 4th grade students in 2017-2018 academic year and from 1476 4th grade primary school students. The findings of the study show that fathers' having a high level of education, teachers' having a high level of motivation, a democratic attitude in family are some factors positively affecting student achievement. The findings also indicate that democratic parental attitude and a high level of teacher motivation increase student motivation. It is also concluded that neglectful parental attitude negatively affects student achievement and motivation. Accepted or distributed leadership approach in the school influences teacher motivation. The findings show that teachers with high self-efficacy also have high level of motivation. It is also concluded that teachers at the first years of their career have lower level of motivation. The study is believed to be a guiding example for other studies analyzing similar topics.

Improving Parental Attitudes of Turkish Immigrants Living in Germany: An Action Research

This study, which aims to improve the parental attitudes of Turkish immigrants living in Germany, is designed as an action research. During the study, the managers of the Turkish School-Parents Unions and 37 teachers giving courses to Turkish students living in Germany were interviewed, and the needs of immigrant Turkish parents for child rearing were determined. In line with these needs, a family education program was revised. The program was applied on 602 parents in 34 different group studies. Research data were collected through the letters of the participants of an eight-session program and a group of 26 people by forming a focus group interview held 2 years after the training. Data were analyzed through content analysis and descriptive analysis. According to data obtained after the completion of the family education program, the parents stated that they acquired valuable information on dealing with negative behaviors of their children, on becoming prepared for conflict resolution, anger control, and on getting effective behaviour in planning their children's future. During the monitoring phase of the study, the participants stated that they continued to display their acquired behaviour in terms of autonomy, communication skills, interpersonal parental communication and of democratic parental attitudes.

Futbol Altyapı Sporcularında Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumları ile Başarı Motivasyonu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

In this research, the relationship between success motivations of young football players and parental attitudes they perceived are examined. The infrastructure athletes of three major sports clubs in the province of Istanbul have been identified as the sample for examining the relationship between success motivations of football players and parental attitudes they perceive. The Parent Attitude Scale and Sports- Specific Achievement Motivation Scale were applied to 303 young football players for his research. Theresults of the research are very valuable and significant results. There is a positive and moderate correlation between Parents’ Attitude and Sport Motivation (0,412). Parents’ Attitudes are in a positive but low-severity relationship with the sub-dimensions of the Sports-Specific Achievement Motivation. Sports-specific achievement motivation is not in a statistically significant relationship with the democratic attitude while it is in a positive relationship with the sub-dimensions of the protective-requester attitude and authoritarian attitude. According to the results of the research, the attitudes of the parents were effective on the sport motivation of the child. While protective and authoritarian parental attitudes negatively affect the child’s sport motivation, democratic parental attitudes positively affect the child. Childrens who grow up in a democratic environment do not escape inefficacy. At that time, for the raising healthy and advenced individuals parents should raise should raise their children in a structure that gives children the right to speak, gives importance to the choices, needs and expectations of the child and gives responsibility to the child.

Parental Attitudes Perceived by Adolescents, and Their Tendency for Violence and Affecting Factors.

Parental attitude is an important factor for adolescents to establish healthy-unhealthy relationships with their environment and to develop a tendency for violence. This study was performed to determine parental attitudes perceived by high school students and their tendency for violence and the affecting factors. This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 2,000 high school students. Data were collected by a questionnaire, Parental Attitude Scale, and Violence Tendency Scale. In the study, it was found that mean scores of the students for democratic attitude were higher than protective or authoritarian attitudes. Factors such as grade level, age, sex, education level of the parents, family type, income level, number of siblings, birth order, state of being exposed to domestic violence, and tendency for violence affected perceived parental attitude. It was also determined that violence tendency of the students was at a moderate level, and students who were studying at higher grades, who were among an older age group in parallel to grade level, who were males, whose mothers were employed, whose fathers had less than an primary education, whose incomes were less than the expenses, and who experienced domestic violence showed more tendency for violence. In addition, it was determined that tendency for violence decreased as democratic parental attitudes perceived by the students increased, and tendency for violence increased as protective and authoritarian attitude increased. It is recommended to plan regular family training programs to inform families about the relationship between family attitude and tenancy for violence, to strengthen the communication between parents and children, and to support and improve parenting skills of the parents.

Examining University Students’ Self-Compassion and Compassionate Love Levels in Terms of Perceived Parental Attitudes

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between parental attitudes perceived by the students, self-compassion and compassionate love levels, and differences occur in parental attitudes, self-compassion and compassionate love levels according to various variables. The research was conducted with 326 university students studying in different departments of Sakarya University Faculty of Education. Parental Attitude Scale (PAS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Compassionate Love Scale (CLS) and Information Collection Form were applied in the study. The research data were analyzed by correlation, T-test and One Way (ANOVA). The results of the research revealed that the self-compassion level of the students who perceived the parents' attitudes as democratic was high, whereas the self-compassion level of the students who perceived the parental attitudes as authoritarian and protective-demanding was low. It was also found out that the students who perceived their parents' attitudes as authoritarian and protective-demanding had high compassionate love levels. The present study demonstrated the authoritarian and protective-demanding parental attitudes perceived by university students differed according to sex, the democratic parental attitude differed in terms of the number of siblings, and the compassionate love differed in terms of gender. It was revealed that there was a negative relationship between self-compassion and compassionate love.

Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük ile Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological well-being, and to examine the differences between these two variables in terms of gender, perceived income status, and perceived parental attitudes. Study group was composed of 426 undergraduates from various departments of Marmara, Sakarya, Anadolu, Yıldız Teknik and Sütçü İmam Universities. The data were gathered via Short Form of Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale short form, and Personal Information Form. The data were analyzed by Pearson Product Moments Correlation, ANOVA, and t test. The results revealed that students with higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty had lower levels of psychological well-being, intolerance of uncertainty levels didn’t differ in terms of gender, and however psychological well-being levels of female students were significantly higher than those of males. Students who grown up with protective parental attitude had higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty than democratic parental attitude. In terms of psychological well-being, students who raised authoritarian parental attitudes had higher scores than protective parental attitude. Though intolerance of uncertainty levels didn’t differ in terms of perceived income levels of students, students with higher perceived income levels had higher scores of psychological well-being.

Effects of parental styles on the development of the preschoolers’ self-confidence<p>Anne-baba tutumlarının okulöncesi eğitim çağındaki çocukların özgüven duygusunun gelişimine etkisi

The search was conducted in 3 schools in Aksaray. During the period of developing the questionnaire a wide literature scanning was done, after all an item pool consisting 75 items was formed by asking open-end questions to parents and individuals who are specialist on Guidance Psychology Centre. The questionnaire includes question groups to determine four different parental attitudes. Subtitles which are designed as parental attitudes are:1. Authoritarian-Pressure Parental Attitude2. Protective Parental Attitude3. Apathetic Parental Attitude4. Authoritative Parental AttitudeAfter a careful study, the item amount was increased to 60 so that each attitude could be formed with per 15 items. After that, Parental Attitude Questionnaire, which was 5 degree-Likert type and had 60 items, was presented to expert view. The points which items had from the expert view were evaluated via SPSS 7,5 Statistic Packet Program and 9 of the items which increased the validity of the questionnaire were changed then the search was re-presented to expert view. Criterion became ready after getting proofs related to the validity of 5 degree Parental Attitude Questionnaire. By getting necessary permissions, the questionnaire formed was applied in 8 classes to 160 parents whose pupils were 5-6 in schools determined in Aksaray. 130 of the questionnaire sheets came back and a hundred of them were taken to the evaluation. Carrying out the questionnaire, the items were degreed between 1-3 as Agree: 3, Partly Agree: 2, Disagree: 1. In order to put forth the proof of the validity of the questionnaire, Cronbach Alpha Interior Coherence Coefficient were calculated. Cronbach Alpha Interior Coherence Coefficient was found 0,75. Reliability Coefficient calculated with another reliability evaluation technique-Split-Half Technique was 0,81. These coefficients are in the degrees accepted good by the literature.During the analyzing of the data Variance Analysis were used. Average differences between attitudes were established. 0,05 Importance level was imbibed at controlling importance of Averages difference. In order to measure the effect of parental attitudes on children’s self-confidence developing Correlation Analysis was done and Pearson’s Correlation Co-efficiency was calculated. The findings from research were sum up below:In the end of the Variance Analysis, significant differences between groups were established. At the questionnaire we applied, the level parents’ democratic parental attitudes are higher than the other attitudes.In the end of the Correlation Analysis, it is established that democratic parental attitude has a meaningful and positive effect on self-confidence developing of children (5-6) go to pre-school education institutions.Also, it is established that other attitudes has significant and negative effect on self-confidence developing of children.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.AbstractBebek ile anne-baba arasındaki ilişkiden doğan güven duygusu, insanın ileride kuracağı kişiler arası ilişkilerin temelini oluşturur. Çocuklarının, kendisine önem veren, kendine yeterli davranabilen, özgüvenli bir birey olarak yetişmesinde, anne babanın tutum ve davranışlarının büyük etkisi vardır.Küçük yaştaki çocuklar üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar, yaşamın ilk üç veya dört yılında ebeveynlerin çocuk yetiştirme şeklinin bu ilk yıllarında çocuğun sahip olduğu özgüveni belirlediğini göstermiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 5-6 yaş grubu çocukların özgüven duygularının gelişiminde, ana-babaların sergilemiş olduğu tutum ve yaklaşımların etkisini tespit etmektir.Araştırmaya Aksaray ilinde bulunan okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 5–6 yaş grubu 100 öğrenci ve bu öğrencilerin velileri oluşturmaktadır. Ana baba tutumlarının etkisini ölçmek için adı geçen öğrencilerin velilerine ana baba tutumlarını belirleme anketi (ABTBA), öğrencilerin özgüven duygularının gelişim düzeyini tespit etmek amacıyla Öğrenci Özgüven Gözlem Formu (ÖÖGF) uygulanmıştır. Varyans Analizi sonucunda gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan Anne Baba Tutumları Anketinde ailelerin Demokratik Anne Baba Tutumunu benimseme düzeyleri belirlenen Baskıcı-Otoriter, Koruyucu, İlgisiz-Kayıtsız Tutumları benimseme düzeylerinden daha yüksektir.Ana baba tutumlarının çocukların özgüven duygularının gelişimine olan etkisini ölçmek amacıyla korelasyon analizi yapılmış ve Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda ise demokratik ana baba tutumunun, okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 5–6 yaş grubu çocukların özgüven duygularının gelişimine anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Baskıcı-Otoriter, koruyucu, ilgisiz-kayıtsız ana baba tutumlarının ise çocukların özgüven duygularının gelişimine anlamlı ve negatif yönde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Effects of parental attitudes on the use of addictive substances in high school students.

Substance abuse is a major public health problem including social and economic aspects. Although multidimensional data about substance abuse are limited in our country, the fact that Turkey is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia with a young population creating a promising market brings out the necessity of maintaining high awareness on substance abuse. Smoking, alcohol, and substance use are important health problems of adolescence period and families play a major role on adaptation to the changes in growth and development period. The research on substance abuse and dependence emphasizes on protective or risk-enhancing effects of family. The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the interventions that could be implemented about substance use by evaluating the relationship between parental attitude and attitudes of high school students toward substance use. This was a survey study. The study included randomly selected high school students who were willing to participate in the study from Ankara province. The students were applied the sociodemographic information questionnaire especially prepared for this research, the Addictive Substances Attitudes Scale for high school students, and the Parental Attitudes Scale. In the study, data of 707 students, 311 boys and 396 girls, with a mean age of 16.1 years were evaluated. According to the obtained findings, the rate of students with a negative attitude toward addictive substances increases as parental attitude changes from authoritative attitude to democratic attitude. The present study demonstrated that parental attitudes are related with the attitudes of high school students toward addictive substances. Students mostly adopted a negative attitude toward substance use in case of democratic parental attitude. Therefore, to protect children from substance abuse, parents should be advised to adopt a democratic attitude characterized with sincere love and constructive control.

How parental attitudes affect the risky computer and Internet usage patterns of adolescents: a population-based study in the Bursa District of Turkey.

We aimed to evaluate the computer usage patterns of adolescents and to determine the effects of family life and parental attitude on these patterns. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based survey that included 935 children between 11 and 16 years of age who were students in the second level of primary school and their parents as well. The following instruments were used in the survey: student and parent questionnaires on computer usage patterns and the Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) to assess parental attitudes towards child-rearing and family life. Of the study population, the majority of the students had a computer in their homes and spent a lot of time on the Internet. Parental control over the amount of time spent on the Internet and the websites that were visited had sometimes limited and contradictory effects on computer usage among the students. A democratic parental attitude was the best approach. Using the computer as a reward or punishment had a negative impact on the children's computer usage patterns. Although parents are confused concerning the benefits and harms of the Internet for their children and not certain how to manage their children's use of the computer and safe navigation of the Internet, a democratic parental attitude appears to be the best approach for reaching the most beneficial computer usage patterns for students.