Demand For Fuels Research Articles

Enhanced oil recovery with nanofluid injection

The growing demand for fossil fuels as the dominant energy resource requires the search for new technologies for the production of hydrocarbons. Among these technologies, low salinity water flooding and nanofluid flooding of oil reservoirs have recently been extensively investigated to enhance oil recovery and more efficiently displace trapped residual oil. It was found that the use of these reagents leads to the wettability alteration of the pore walls of the rock, an interfacial tension reduction, a decrease in oil viscosity, and an increase in the disjoining pressure. This paper presents the results of studying the displacement of residual oil on homogeneous quartz sandstone using the nanofluids, obtained by peptizing the sediments in a mixture of seawater with sodium carbonate, without and with the addition of PEG8000. When using the developed nanofluids, an increase in oil production by 15–20% was achieved in comparison with seawater. A new approach for the mechanism of action of nanoparticles on the formation, leading to an increase in oil production, is proposed.

Improving the efficiency of using water radiant heating systems.

Now, the issue of protecting the environment and reducing the use of fossil non-renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly important. For modern heating and air conditioning systems, it is imperative to reduce emissions of harmful substances, especially CO2. This can be realized by significantly reducing the use of fossil non-renewable fuels and reconstructing engineering systems to the current level of energy saving. The annual growth in demand for fossil fuels will be reduced through the optimization of substations and heat distribution devices, which is a necessary step for the development of the country's industry and economy. Therefore, today the main task is to increase the energy efficiency of the use of resources and increase the potential of alternative types of energy in combination with modern low-temperature energy-efficient heat distribution systems, one of which is radiant water panels. The article presents the results of improving the method of mounting beam-ceiling fixtures with respect to their orientation in space. The results of numerical calculations indicate the efficiency of mounting the equipment at an angle of 45 degrees, which increases the efficiency by 10% in relation to the 0° orientation. The results of calculations and measurements show that the use of radiant heating in a lateral or longitudinal direction at different angles allows to significantly reduce the cost of energy resources for heating at low temperatures and at the same time not to lose the speed of operation to changes in external temperature parameters. The most effective of the variants of the experiment turned out to be the variant of suspension at an angle of 45°, in which an increase in efficiency by 10% in terms of final temperatures was found, which in turn makes it possible to reduce the use of thermal energy and reduce the amount of necessary equipment in design calculations. At the same time, installation difficulties were not detected.

Climate change mitigation of drop-in biofuels for deep-sea shipping under a prospective life-cycle assessment

The shipping sector is seeking options to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and achieve ambitious climate change mitigation goals. Unlike short-sea shipping that can rely on electrification of coastal vessels, drop-in biofuels are among the most promising options for deep-sea shipping decarbonization. However, environmental sustainability analyses of marine biofuels are limited, and usually do not include the influence of future changes in the background energy system nor the climatic effects of near-term climate forcers (NTCFs). In our study, we assess the climate change mitigation potential of various marine biofuels produced from forest residues in Norway (a country with ambitious plans for emission reduction from shipping) using a prospective life-cycle assessment (LCA) where the projected trends in the energy and transport sectors are integrated with improvements in the biofuel value chain for the next decades (2030–2050). Relative to fossil-based alternatives, climate mitigation potentials of biofuels range from 65% to 85% with short-term (GWP20) and to 78%–87% with long-term (GTP100) climate impacts. The inclusion of NTCFs reduces the mitigation benefits of biofuels in the short term, while it slightly increases them in the long term. The explicit modeling of technology and socio-economic changes under future policy scenarios indicates a reduction in the climate impacts of biofuels by up to 54% in 2050 when compared to the current situation. The amount of residues potentially available in Norway is sufficient to meet the present demand for liquid fuels in deep-sea shipping, thus providing yearly climate mitigation of 0.9–1.1 million tons of CO2-eq (equal to 6–7% of today's climate impacts from the entire transport sector in the country). Our analysis shows the large climate change mitigation potential of drop-in biofuels, and it provides new quantitative estimates that can help guiding a sustainability shift in the deep-sea shipping sector.

Techno-economic Analysis of Biogas Conversion to Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels through Production of Lean-Hydrogen Syngas

Large-scale biogas plants are a viable source of CH4 and CO2 to be converted efficiently into high-value products. Specifically, production of liquid hydrocarbons can enhance the availability of green fuels while achieving significant CO2 reductions on site. In this study, the production of liquid hydrocarbons is simulated by dry reforming of biogas into lean-hydrogen syngas, further converted in CO hydrogenation and oligomerization reactors. The process was modeled by using CHEMCAD based on published experimental results with the projected feed composition. A high molar feed ratio of CO2/CH4 (>1.7) was set for the reformer to minimize steam requirement while avoiding carbon formation and reaching an optimal H2 to CO molar ratio (0.7). Two options were techno-economically evaluated based on a biogas plant with a capacity of 5000 N m3/h that produces between 13.8 and 15.7 million liters per year of blending stock for transportation fuels. The economics of the process depends mainly on the cost and availability of the biogas. The minimum selling price of the liquid fuels is $1.47/L and $1.37/L for options 1 (once-through conversion of syngas to liquid fuels) and 2 (recycle of tail gas from oligomerization reactor), respectively, and can be significantly reduced in case the biogas throughput is increased to >20 000 N m3/h. Recycling of the tail gas (option 2) yielded higher productivity, resulting in higher carbon yield (77.9% on the basis of methane) and energy efficiency (67.1%). The economic viability of the process can be improved by implementing CO2 tax or other incentives to reduce capital investment. It provides a potential route for efficient conversion of biogas into liquid hydrocarbons to meet the increased demand for renewable fuels as blending stock in the transportation sector while improving the sustainability of the plant.

On the design of mesostructured acidic catalysts for the one-pot dimethyl ether production from CO2

Dimethyl ether (DME) production from hydrogenation of CO2 based on two-function (redox and acidic) catalysts is receiving increasing attention due to the high demand for alternative and green fuels. In this work, we propose different mesostructured acidic metal oxides as methanol dehydration catalysts to be used as physical mixtures in combination with a commercial Cu-based redox catalyst (CZA) for the CO2-to-DME one-pot production. Al-MCM-41, TiO2 and TiO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides, obtained through Sol-Gel methods, either in a conventional or Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly approach were selected as mesostructured acidic systems and compared with a commercial zeolite (ferrierite). The regular mesoporous structure should render the active sites of the acidic catalyst easily accessible for CO2 and H2 and allow a homogeneous dispersion of the redox phase inside the mesopores in view of a possible development of bifunctional catalysts (redox + acidic). With the aim of understanding how the textural and acidic properties can be correlated with the performances and eventually design efficient dehydration catalysts, a careful study on the acidic sites was performed by both adsorption microcalorimetry with ammonia and FTIR-monitored adsorption of pyridine. The results of the performances highlighted a higher activity toward methanol dehydration for catalysts featured by Brønsted sites (zeolite and Al-MCM-41); as for catalysts with Lewis sites only (TiO2, Ti0.77Zr0.23O2) better performances were shown in case of systems presenting sites of moderate strength (Ti0.77Zr0.23O2). In the light of the above, Al-MCM-41 and TiO2-ZrO2 demonstrated to be the most promising mesostructured dehydration catalysts in terms of selectivity to DME.

Municipal solid waste: A potential source of clean energy for Khartoum State in Sudan

Sudan is a large African country with a land area of 1.882 million km2 and a population of 43 million people. The country has a fast-growing population, consistent migration from rural to urban areas, raised per-capita demand for power and fuels, and falling fossil-fuel production. Additional baseload or on-demand energy sources are needed to supply the Nile Valley system. The increasing silting of the different hydroelectricity dams is a problem for the future availability of hydroelectricity generation. Non-recyclable combustible municipal solid waste and other urban organic waste streams can be used to provide low-emission baseload electricity and a cost-effective supply of heat for industry. These wastes, which have the potential to be used as feedstocks for energy production, have already been gathered together in enormous quantities. The current landfill disposal method is becoming increasingly expensive, and it leads to several negative environmental impacts, such as methane emissions and air and water pollution. This research looks at how the non-recyclable combustible fraction of waste collected in Khartoum State can be used to generate considerable amounts of energy and industrial heat while reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This might be accomplished by employing and adopting efficient technologies that are extensively used elsewhere in the globe, as well as securing the additional benefits of more permanent jobs, fewer fossil fuel imports, and improved national resource security for Sudan.

Hydrogen as a fuel for electrifying transportation sector in Nepal: Opportunities and Challenges

At present more than 2 million kl fossil fuels are imported by Nepal per year, which is increasing at the rate of 7% annually on an average since 2012. The transportation sector alone accounts for more than 63% of the total fossil consumption. The major demand of fuels for transportation sector is diesel used by heavy-duty vehicles with high payload. The diesel demand for the year 2050 is projected to rise by 18%. There is a need for alternative fuel to diesel, which is also called hard-to-decarbonize fuel. Green hydrogen produced by electrolysis can be possibly used to power heavy locomotives due to its impressive properties as a heavy-duty transportation fuel. Several countries have already identified hydrogen as the future fuel for decarbonizing the transportation sector. Hydropower resource can be converted to green hydrogen as an energy storage medium and electrifying transportation sector. This paper identifies the need for an alternative to diesel fuel in the transportation sector and attempts to introduce hydrogen as a decarbonizing fuel to electrify the heavy-duty transportation sector of Nepal. Attempts are made to investigate the economic and environmental benefits of hydrogen in Nepal for heavy duty transportation sector in comparison to conventional fuels.

Review on Microwave Application in Petroleum processing

Microwave energy is becoming the most diverse form of energy transfer, used in the petroleum industry for inspecting coiled tubing and line Pipe, measuring multiphase flow, and the mobilization of asphaltic crude oil. Depletion of conventional crude oil reserves creates economic Demand for various fuels; in Canada, efforts have intensified to develop microwave technology for in-situ enhanced oil recovery of heavy oil/Bitumen; about 26 of the estimated 30 billion barrels of heavy oil are considered unrecoverable using current technology. Specific objectives included Studying microwave process conditions affecting upgrading of heavy oil/bitumen to synthetic crude and achieve up to 50% desulphurization. This review provides a general overview of microwave applications in oil sands bitumen or shale oil pro-Duction in petroleum upgrading. The vast oil reserves in the oil sands of Alberta will become a major source of petroleum products in the near future and a number of alternative technologies have been explored for the production and upgrading of oil sands and heavy oil.

Application of statistical approaches in IC engine calibration to enhance the performance and emission Characteristics: A methodological review

It is a well-known fact that the automotive industries have predominantly ruled the global industrial and commercial sectors. However, an increase in the demand for fossil fuels and stringent emission norms have paved a way for alternative fuels to power IC engines. To adapt the alternative fuels in IC engines, certain optimization protocols are followed by the automotive industry to save the time and cost involved in production, design and engine operating conditions. However, due to the broad nature of this subject in automotive applications, the optimization of engine operating conditions and their respective parameters are deeply delved into in this article. In order to guide the novice engine researchers, this article intents to critically elucidate the optimization techniques used by researchers for improving the performance of spark ignition and compression ignition engines systems and its various sub-systems. Initially, this article begins with experimental design plan approach for screening and optimization. Then elucidate about the single point optimization of Taguchi approach and multi-objective optimization of RSM approach. Further, provides the information of predictive optimization approach of Genetic algorithm in engine optimization and artificial neural networks for recognize the engine behaviour pattern. Moreover, this article also explains the certain methods to analyze the accuracy and model-fit significance for certain methodologies using an experimental case study dedicated solely for this article. From the review, it can be concluded that the statistical technique efficiently assists in exploring the in-depth engine function relation between the input variables.

Soil-free cultivation of Leptochloa fusca in the urban and industrial wastewaters produced a low-lignin biomass for bioethanol production

Biomass needed to fulfill the global demands of liquid fuels cannot be produced on arable lands. Hence, alternative sustainable approaches are required. In the present study, biomass of Leptochloa fusca was produced using industrial and urban wastewaters as sole growth media without using any soil. The biomass produced was studied for its possible utilization as a feedstock in a bioethanol biorefinery employing simultaneous saccharification and fermentation approach. Interestingly, wastewater cultivation improved the cellulose content by 33.03% and reduced the lignin content by 15.58% when compared to the land-based cultivation. This effect was more pronounced in urban wastewater cultivation which improved the pretreatment efficiency. Interestingly, a mild hydrothermal pretreatment was found to be the most suitable and eco-friendly pretreatment where 68.78 g/L and 54.21 g/L of glucose was released from UWB (urban wastewater biomass) and IWB (industrial wastewater biomass), respectively. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated biomass resulted in 48.64 g/L and 41.17 g/L of bioethanol titer for UWB and IWB, respectively, with a fermentation efficiency of 93%. The present study is the first study of its kind which indicated the possibility of developing cost-effective and ecofriendly biotransformation of wastewater grown biomass into liquid fuels with the concurrent possibilities of resource recovery and phytoremediation.

Kinetic Model Development of the Oligomerization of High Olefin Containing Hydrocarbon By-products to Clean Engine Fuels on Amberlyst Catalyst

Nowadays, since the demand for engine fuels is continuously changing, in petroleum refineries, increasing the flexibility of gasoline/middle distillate is still an important issue, e.g. by oligomerizing light olefins (3–6 carbon atoms). The aim of our work was to develop a valid kinetic model based on the extended Eley-Rideal mechanism to describe the oligomerization of the olefin content of light naphtha by fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) on an ion-exchange resin. Experiments were carried out in a fixed-bed tubular reactor at temperatures of between 80 and 130 °C with liquid hourly space velocities (LHSV) of between 0.5 and 2.0 1/h using Amberlyst® 15 as a catalyst. The oligomerization process was characterized based on the composition of products determined by gas chromatography. The conversion of olefins and the selectivity of the oligomerization reactions forming C8-11 and C12+ hydrocarbons (C8-11 and C12+ selectivity; unit: relative %) were dependent on factors that determine the reactor performance in order to identify the kinetic model parameters. Given that the developed reactor model described the measured data reasonably accurately, it can be used in terms of the optimal design of an industrial oligomerization reactor.

Co-pyrolysis of lentil husk wastes and Chlorella vulgaris: Bio-oil and biochar yields optimization

The ever-increasing demand for fossil fuels has led to environmental issues and depletion of energy resources, as a consequence, a growing interest in biomass as a promising renewable and sustainable feedstock for biofuels production is developing. In this work, lentil husks (agricultural wastes) and Chlorella vulgaris (microalgae) were selected to investigate their interaction during co-pyrolysis process. Using a response surface methodology (RSM), a series of experiments were designed and carried out in a fixed bed reactor varying the temperature of 400–600 °C, heating rate of 5–25 °C/min and algae to husk blend ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 wt% at constant flow rate of argon carrier gas, 0.4 L min−1. The yield of Bio-oil and biochar as co-pyrolysis products were studied both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results unraveled a significant improvement on bio-oil yield by addition of C. vulgaris to lentil husk. Bio-oil yield increased from 13.8% to 20.8% by increasing algae content from 0% to 100% (T = 500 °C, HR = 15 °C min−1). While at T = 600 °C, the gas yield increased to 40.15%. and lower temperature (400 °C), favored biochar formation (39.5%), finally optimization results could lead to bio-oil yield of 18% (T = 479 °C, HR = of 16 °C min−1, R = 54%). The quality of the product at optimized level was featured by a rise in the carbon and a decrease in the oxygen content of bio-oil, and a bio-oil with improved higher heating value was obtained. The results of volatile products analyzed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showing that, the co-pyrolytic oil was rich in alkanes and aromatics compounds. Synergistical interactions between C. vulgaris and lentil husk, showed that alcohols, ketones and esters went through a remarkable reduction and phenols formation as valuable chemical compounds was improved.

Performance Characteristics of In-Line Oil Separator with Various Airfoil Vane Configurations of the Axial-Flow Swirl Generator

Recently, as the industry develops, global energy consumption has been increasing. Power generation using various energy sources is used to meet energy consumption. The demand for renewable energy resources is increasing as well as the demand for fossil fuels. However, fossil fuel reserves offshore are limited, and the continued resource development is causing the depletion of fossil fuels. Accordingly, there is a demand for resource development not only offshore but also in the deep sea. In order to efficiently separate water and oil, it is necessary to study a compact in-line oil separator. In this study, the oil–water separation characteristics according to various airfoil vane configurations of the in-line type oil separator are numerically calculated. The maximum camber and location of the maximum camber of the NACA(National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) airfoil model were selected as design parameters. As a result, the maximum separation efficiency of 63.9% was predicted when the maximum camber value was 13.51% and the maximum camber position was 50%.

Storage Control Philosophies for Gas Filling Stations at Biogas Plants

AbstractThe production of biomethane as a fuel is an opportunity for existing combined heat and power biogas plants. These plants are not necessarily located near access points to the natural gas grid and will need to store the produced biomethane on site. Fuel demand is not constant, and the anaerobic digestion plant can vary its production, ramp up compression, and store gas pre‐compression near ambient pressure or post‐compression in high‐pressure storage tanks. Compression is an energy‐intensive process, and some of the energy is lost when a storage tank compressed to 250 bar is connected to an empty fuel tank of a vehicle (30 bar). The aim of this work was to develop a method to identify reasonable and optimal tank sizes, volume splits, and starting pressures and provide two control philosophies for the filling station.

One-step leap in achieving oil-to-chemicals by using a two-stage riser reactor: Molecular-level process model and multi-objective optimization strategy

With the demand for vehicle fuels (i.e., gasoline and diesel) is expected to decline soon, crude oil to chemical technology exhibits great potential to drive the next industry transition. This megatrend has led to studies on maximizing the production of low-carbon petrochemicals at the cost of fuels, which requires aggressive ways of converting oil into chemicals in a clean and efficient pattern. Herein, we proposed a novel process, termed OSCO, to crack naphtha, kerosene, diesel and heavy oil in a two-stage riser reactor efficiently, which can perform several refining procedures in the two-stage riser reactor vessel. A novel integration model of mixed fraction structure and molecular level is proposed. The multi-objective optimization strategies are also carried out to solve the optimization problem. As a result, the OSCO process can stably convert untreated heavy Daqing crude oil into light olefins with total yields of ethylene and propylene over 33 wt%, which also exhibits superior techno-economic, society, people's livelihood, and environmental performance. These insights may have a positive pushing role in engineering design, process intensification, and the optimization of direct catalytic cracking of crude oil.

Experimental Investigation of Multiple Fry Waste Soya Bean Oil in an Agricultural CI Engine

Meeting the growing energy demand for sustainability and environmental friendly fuels is a continuous process. Several oxygenated fuels were tried and tested according to the availability depending upon the geographical locations to find a solution against rapidly depleting fossil fuels (gasoline and diesel). In the present investigation, the viability of waste fry cooking oil converted into biodiesel fuel and its various physiocochemical properties was evaluated. In this regard, the performance and emission of a CI engine was compared using biodiesel fuel and mineral diesel fuel. Experimental research was performed on a single-cylinder agricultural CI engine with indirect injection, and biodiesel fuel was used with three different types of fry oils. The fry oil was classified as one-time fry, two-time fry, and three-time fry. Engine efficiency and tail pipe emission attributes were evaluated for the three different fuels. The different fuel blends used for the experiment were B60 and B80 and were tested at full load, at different engine speed (rpm). It was found that brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with increasing speed, whereas brake thermal efficiency reduced with increasing engine speed. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduces with increase in the engine speed because of a poor air–fuel ratio at high speed. CO2 emission is higher because of the higher density and heating value of the biodiesel fuel, which depends on the blending ratio and the frying time of the fuel. It was also encountered that NOx emission was higher for maximum test fuels except one-time fry waste cooking oil biodiesel at 60% blend, which showed lower NOx than diesel fuel. Smoke opacity in both the blends have a decreasing trend with increasing speed and are lower than pure diesel. The 1FWCOB (fry waste cooking oil biodiesel), 2FWCOB, and 3FWCOB fuel exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is reduced because of higher cetane number and lower heating value. Based on the result obtained, it was concluded that by increasing the frying time of the soya bean waste cooking biodiesel, the emission characteristics and engine performance were affected. The need for sustainable fuel is important, thus the use of waste fry cooking oil is a potential replacement for diesel.

Evaluating the utilisation of clean fuels in maritime applications: A techno-economic supply chain optimization

Interest in reducing the environmental impact of maritime shipping operations has recently been induced by the International Maritime Organization’s latest set of regulations. Consequently, this study involves a macro-level view of the entire supply chain, emphasizing how liquefied natural gas exporters can reduce the environmental impact of shipping activities of energy commodities (LNG, hydrogen, ammonia and their blends) through greater uptake of cleaner fuel alternatives. This study tests the notion that demand for alternative fuels will continue to increase as the transportation sector integrates cleaner fuels to comply with increasing environmental regulations. Using Qatar as a case study, linear programming was used to develop a mathematical model where several scenarios are assessed, and the optimal combination of fuels sold, and bunker fuel consumed is determined. Firstly, by looking for maximum profit given the constraints imposed; secondly, by looking for minimal greenhouse gas emissions under the same constraints; and thirdly, by looking for maximum profit and minimum environmental impact. Results demonstrate that cleaner fuels can reduce emissions of maritime industry. While solving for minimal emissions regardless of profit, outcomes suggest that LNG is the most favourable fuel to sell due to the high demand and high production capacity, whereas NH3 is the most favourable for fuelling ships. This solution yielded a significant reduction of CO2 emissions as opposed to that expected from HFO.

Investigation of Diesel Engine Combustion Characteristics for Varying Nozzle Depth at Different Spray Angles

The demand for petroleum-derived fuels is increasing every day despite their speculations about the exhaustion of petroleum fuel. Petroleum-derived fuels are classified as a suspect element for humans due to their known primary adverse effects on the environment. The concern is that the demand for petroleum fuel will rise along with the market price. Researchers around the world focus on reducing the harmful effects of petroleum fuel or finding some other substitute for petroleum fuels. A Kirloskar single cylinder diesel engine (model TV-1) was selected for simulation using commercially available AVL FIRE software. The published articles indicate the operating conditions and limitations of the single cylinder diesel engine. The geometry of the hemispherical cup piston is generated and networked in software, then the search is processed by selecting three different spray angles, such as 120o, 140o, and 160o. The standard spray angle is 120o. In addition, four nozzle depths are included in the search to analyze the effect of nozzle depth on combustion parameters. The nozzles are available in four depths: 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm. while the nozzle depth is 1 mm standard nozzle depth. Four nozzle depths with spray angles of 120°, 140°, and 160° are examined. The results returned the combustion parameter and depend on the spray angle and the depth of the nozzle. To obtain an adequate combustion result from the above scenario, some trade-offs in terms of combustion parameters need to be considered.

The Effect of the Swiss CO2 Levy on Heating Fuel Demand of Private Real Estate Owners

To effectively mitigate climate change, it is crucial to better understand the reaction of fossil-fuel demand to price and tax changes, and more precisely to climate policy instruments such as a carbon levy. The Swiss CO2 levy on heating fuels was introduced in 2008 at CHF 12/tCO2eq, and was increased steadily up to CHF 84/tCO2eq during the period of 2016/2017. This paper investigated the effectiveness of the levy as an instrument to reduce heating fuel demand, and hence carbon emissions, of private real estate owners. The Swiss Household Budget Survey 2006–2017 constituted the main data source. Before–after and pseudo-panel regressions were used to capture the CO2 levy’s effects, and a large set of household characteristics, as well as climatic conditions, were controlled for. No significant effects in the first two policy periods of 2008–2013 were found. Over the period of 2014–2017, a significant reduction in house owners’ heating fuel demand of up to 14% with respect to 2006–2007 was detected. The effect was less significant and smaller in magnitude for flat owners. A significant CO2 levy semielasticity of heating fuel demand of −1.3% for house owners was further estimated. Hence, the results confirmed the effectiveness of the CO2 levy under the conditions that the levy was sufficiently high, as during the years of 2014–2017, and households directly paid the levy and were responsible for decisions concerning heating and insulation, as was the case for house owners.

Adoption of Briquettes of Organic Matter as an Environmentally Friendly Energy Source in Uganda

Demand for inexpensive alternative fuels and briquettes to bridge the gap between cooking, water heating, and heating production processes has been expanding by the day, due to the current fuel crisis and the ever-increasing costs of electricity and wood charcoal in Kampala and its environs. The goal of this study was to determine the different types of biomass briquettes and associated technology that are available in Kampala. Face-to-face interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data on the numerous varieties of biomass briquettes that are commonly used by Kampala families, as well as the raw materials used by briquette producers. Descriptive statistics techniques were employed. According to the statistics, the most often utilized briquettes in Kampala are stick briquettes, honeycomb briquettes, cylindrical, round, and doughnut-shaped briquettes. While the majority of households continue to use expensive and unreliable energy sources such as wood charcoal, gas, and electricity, using briquettes is less expensive and has the potential to reduce deforestation, minimize waste streams, and reduce indoor air pollution, reduce odors, and increase local job creation. Households that use briquettes lamented a lack of available technology, a lack of equipment for making their own, and a shortage of well-trained or skilled people to assist in waste sorting to gather organic matter for briquette production. It was concluded that carbonized round briquettes are preferred because non-carbonized briquettes are extremely scarce and that a number of factors significantly deterred individuals from investing in biomass briquette technology, including government laxity in providing incentives and a failure to create favorable conditions for individuals to invest in biomass briquette energy production and utilization.