Demand Of Buyers Research Articles

Biotechnology factors influence on formation of curd cheese quality indicators

Considering the growing interest of the Russian society in fermented dairy products, in particular, cream cheese enriched with probiotic cultures and biologically active substances (BAS), it is relevant to conduct research aimed at scientifically justifying the choice of biotechnology of curd production as a raw material for cream cheese by studying the influence of biotechnological and technological factors on the formation of properties of the used curd. The generally accepted methods of qualitative prediction were used. The study of consumer opinion revealed the demand of Russian buyers for curd products enriched with BAS and probiotic cultures. The analysis of the regulatory documentation allowed us to form a set of mandatory requirements for the quality of curd cheese and the curd used, as well as a list of raw materials, biotechnological and technological factors required in the technology of curd cheese production. The study of the influence of each type of biotechnological and technological factors on the properties of the finished product has shown that in the biotechnology of enriched cream cheese it is necessary to use starter from pure cultures of lactococci or a mixture of lactococci and thermophilic lactic acid streptococci, acid method of coagulation of milk protein, whey separation by separation or ultrafiltration, introduction of BAS and flavoring fillers with cream in a separate method of normalization, as well as to exclude the use of milkclotting enzyme, and also to eliminate the use of milk-clotting enzymes. The results obtained are the basis for the development of new biotechnologies of curd cheese enriched with BAS and/or probiotic cultures.

More Is Better, Or Not? An Empirical Analysis of Buyer Preferences for Variety on the E-Market

This paper examines the effect of the number of sellers of a good on buyers’ demand, using an extensive dataset from an e-commerce platform (PriceMinister.com) in France. Accounting for seller and product characteristics constitutes variety amongst the same product. Although buyers may prefer a wide variety, it can introduce a search cost. Using a flexible semiparametric specification, I find that the demand of buyers does not monotonically increase in relation to the number of sellers (variety), contrary to assumptions in the literature. I illustrate the consequences of misspecification of these network effects through a counterfactual simulation.

Protection of Buyers for Goods Purchased by Description under the Sale of Goods Act 1957

In the era of industrilization, the mass production and distribution of goods cross border has affected the buyers on the market. In order to meet the demand of buyers, the producers produced goods in large quantities without considering the quality of goods. Low quality of goods on the market will affect the buyer. Hence the existing law is important to protect the buyers when dealing with goods on the market. The Sale of Goods Act 1957 is the main Act which applies to contracts for the supply of goods in Malaysia. In a contract of supply of goods, implied terms are essential to cater for issues relating to the trader’s civil liability for goods. The weaknesses of the implied terms under the law of supply of goods have become barriers to claims for breach of contract. Currently, the Malaysian Sale of Goods Act 1957 does not adequately protect buyer when entering into a transaction of sale by description. Adopting a doctrinal approach, this article analyses the implied condition as to sale by description under section 15 Sale of Goods Act 1957. The article aims to assess whether the implied condition successfully overcame the problems of buyer in the market. It is submitted the present section 15 Sale of Goods Act 1957 is outdated. It needs a comprehensive revamp to reflect a more standardised and modernised approach. The Malaysian Sale of Goods Act 1957, as it stands, does not sufficiently safeguard buyer when they engage in a sale by description.

A theory of housing demand shocks

Housing demand shocks in standard macroeconomic models are a primary source of house price fluctuations, but those models have difficulties in generating the observed large volatility of house prices relative to rents. We provide a microeconomic foundation for the reduced-form housing demand shocks with a tractable heterogenous-agent framework. In our model with heterogeneous beliefs, an expansion of credit supply raises housing demand of optimistic buyers and boosts house prices without affecting rents. A credit supply shock also leads to a positive correlation between house trading volumes and house prices. The theoretical mechanism and model predictions are supported by empirical evidence, and the results are robust to alternative specifications of heterogeneity.

A Theory of Housing Demand Shocks

Housing demand shocks in standard macroeconomic models are a primary source of house price fluctuations, but those models have difficulties in generating the observed large volatility of house prices relative to rents. We provide a microeconomic foundation for the reduced-form housing demand shocks with a tractable heterogenous-agent framework. In our model with heterogeneous beliefs, an expansion of credit supply raises housing demand of optimistic buyers and boosts house prices without affecting rents. A credit supply shock also leads to a positive correlation between house trading volumes and house prices. The theoretical mechanism and model predictions are supported by empirical evidence, and the results are robust to alternative specifications of heterogeneity.

A Study on the Prediction of House Price Index in First‐Tier Cities in China Based on Heterogeneous Integrated Learning Model

To address the difficulty of low prediction accuracy, insufficient model stability, and certain lag associated with a single machine learning model in the prediction of house price, this paper proposes a multimodel fusion house price prediction model based on stacking integrated learning. Firstly, web search data affecting house prices were collected by web crawler technology, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed on the attribute set to reduce its complexity and establish a prediction index system for four first‐tier cities in China. Secondly, with the goal of improving accuracy, diversity, and generalization ability, the types of base learners as well as metalearners are determined, and the parameters of the base learners are optimized using the grey wolf optimization algorithm to produce the GWO‐stacking model, and the experimental results from four datasets demonstrate that the model has high prediction accuracy. Finally, to solve the issue of unintelligible black boxes in machine learning models, we have used the state‐of‐the‐art interpretation method SHAP combined with the LightGBM algorithm to interpret the model, and the result can be used as a basis for real estate policy planning and adjustment and even guide the demand of home buyers, thus improving the efficiency and effectiveness of government policy making.

A Valuation Formula for Chained Options with n‐Barriers

This study examines chained options that are connected in the sense that another barrier option becomes active continuously after the underlying asset price crosses a primary barrier. These barrier options have several advantages. First, they preserve the merit of regular barrier options, but demand far lower option premiums, which appeal to option traders. Second, they reduce the higher risk of loss of double barrier options, making option strategies more profitable in certain cases. Third, they have closed‐form pricing formulas, unlike double‐barrier options, and, thus, avoid the complexity of option pricing. Therefore, they help to enlarge the range of trader’s choice according to a variety of demand of buyers. The values of chained options are compared to those of similar single‐ and double‐barrier options. This study extends the chained option with two barriers to a generalized chained option with n‐barriers. In addition, this paper proves the closed formulas of generalized chained options with n‐barriers using mathematical induction.

Komunikasi Pemasaran Pengrajin Bambu Kreatif di Tasikmalaya

Tasikmalaya known as the centers of bamboo handicraft industry in West Java. It produces various products, from daily household equipment in the form of rough woven with low prices to creative bamboo products with high prices for the upper middle market. Products are distributed for domestic needs and demand of foreign buyers. This study reveals the marketing communication behavior of creative bamboo entrepreneurs in Tasikmalaya in developing a creative bamboo craft business. A qualitative method with a case study approach was used to obtain information about the behavior of bamboo handicraft entrepreneurs in Tasikmalaya in marketing their products. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with creative bamboo entrepreneurs who still actively running their businesses and willing to provide information about the businesses they are running. Data were also collected through non-participatory observations at the location and conducted a literature review and documents related to the research. Data analysis, data checking and validity of the data were conducted through Miles and Huberman's interactive data analysis concept. The results showed that the communication behavior conducted by creative bamboo entrepreneurs consisted of internal communication behavior and external communication behavior. Internal communication behavior is conducted on workers with the principle of kinship. Humanist approach is used to maintain production stability.The form of external communication behavior is tailored to whom they're being faced. Face-to-face communication and mediated communication are used in marketing bamboo handicraft products.

Overview on built environment planning: Residential overhang factors in malaysia affordable housing

Affordable housing remains a prevalent issue in the country. The definition suggests affordable housing as adequate housing in quality, location, and known as not so costly that prevents its occupants from meeting other essential living needs. In the effort of providing sufficient affordable housing, various affordable housing programs, namely Residensi Wilayah and PR1MA, are currently in the market with the aims to develop and deliver new affordable housing, which targeted the middle-and low-income group. Although the lacking of affordable housing persists, the severe glut in the property market has also records to reach an all-time high. The overhang crisis in the country became an infamous issue in the country with the slow market, which led to the increase in the overhang unit’s statistics year over a year which partially in affordable housing segmentation. It is highlighted that the overhang in affordable housing has shown significant rising despites of its strong demand. This paper attempts to examine the overhang issue in affordable housing in Malaysia and related factors. This research will add up some points of discussion as regards the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic towards the issue of affordable housing and the strategies in reducing the overhang issue during the pandemic. A review of the past literature related to the topics was carried out and data derived from journals, reports, and websites were gathered and examined to establish the framework on this issue and to identify the overhang factors in affordable housing. The developers are urged to build houses that can cater to the demand of buyers in terms of the property type, location, and also price range. The overhang units did not attract the target market while the product mismatch is one of the contributing factors. Other related factors are affordability, high living costs, and stagnant income growth, cooling measures, financing, unsuitable location, accessibility, the lack of timely and accurate data of buyer’s preference including the shift in demand towards the better-quality project. A study on the overhang factors of affordable housing is needed to resolve the issue, or else, the overhang issue will be worsened and will create a lot of negative impacts in the future. At the end of the research, the list of the property overhang factors and its framework able to be identified and to be used as guidelines and references to the public.

An An Analysis of Customer Satisfaction towards Online Shopping with Special Reference to Madurai City

In recent days, online marketing is a great revolution in the world. Over the last decade, most business organizations are running with modern technological change. The advanced technology getting better marketing performance. In this society, retailers are devising strategies to meet out the demand of online buyers. Online retailers are studying buyer’s behavior and perception of the consumer in the field of web shopping. Therefore, we have also chosen to analyses consumer’s attitudes towards online shopping and also studying the factors influencing consumers to buy their product on the web in this busiest fast-moving world. The population selected for the research is Madurai city, and narrowed down to buyers who are using the internet to buy online, includes students, homemakers, professionals; the sample size selected for this analysis is 50, and we have used the convenience sampling technique.

Overview of Tools for Increasing Effective Demand and Characteristics of Residential Property Buyers

This paper is based on a study consisting of two semantic blocks. In the first block, the existing tools for increasing effective demand in the market of new buildings in Moscow are considered. The most popular tools for increasing effective demand are identified. The second block provides an overview of the characteristics of real and potential buyers of residential real estate in Moscow. Identifying the characteristics of real buyers is based on data published by analytical and consulting companies, as well as real estate developers. Identification of the characteristics of potential buyers was carried out on the basis of official statistics and information published by the Recruitment Agency. The analysis of the characteristics of buyers was carried out in the context of economic activities, in the context of specialization and qualifications, and the level of wages. The areas of employment, specialties are identified, and the level of wages of a person who is potentially more accessible to purchase housing is estimated. The number of people who, in accordance with the size of their salary, can buy housing in the property is estimated. As a result of the work, the expediency of analyzing the buyer’s portrait (including potential one) on a regular basis is justified in order to implement more flexible regulation of the housing sector, taking into account the needs of city residents and the socio-economic situation.

Impact of Marine Vessels Produced with Composite Materials in Their Perfomance and Reduction of CO2 Emmisions.

Composite materials that have started to be used in the production of tourist sailing vehicles especially those of the yacht type, have proven in practice the designers' expectations for the great advantages they have brought in comparison with steel. The performance of new generation ships of this millennium will require the ever-increasing use of innovative materials to meet the growing demand of potential buyers of these vehicles.On the other hand, based on the principles already sanctioned by the European Community for respecting the norms set for CO2 emissions from shipping - in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change, it is necessary to produce marine vehicles that reduce significantly the weight of marine vehicles and for consequence the engine power and fuel consumption will significantly reduce CO2 emissions. This, in addition to the innovation that accompanies the production of marine engines, demonstrates the trend of the development of composite materials in relation to traditional materials.The global composite materials market is estimated at USD 24.4 billion in 2014 and is projected to reach 5.8% growth and is expected to grow at 5.8% in the next five years, reaching 34.4 billion in 2020.Through this scientific paper I will bring a contribution to the maritime sector, analysing the positive impact that has the production of marine vessels with composite materials in maritime transport industry, not only for their excellent technical performance, but also for their positive impact in CO2 emissions in maritime straight. The study has been developed based on data analysing of maritime vessels in the Straight of Otranto.

A fundamentalist theory of real estate market outcomes

This study introduces and estimates a structural model of search and matching in real estate markets. There are benefits of developing such a theory to better understand the structure that determines these processes. First, the estimation method accurately and efficiently models the structural demand and supply functions of buyers and sellers. Second, the model replicates several salient features of real estate markets with respect to how sales price and weeks on the market are correlated across time and sellers. Finally, despite full seller rationality, the model predicts sticky sales prices by fact of the trade-off between price and weeks on the market.

Speculative behavior in a housing market: Boom and bust

We study a housing market with household buyers, speculative investors and property developers in a Walrasian scenario. We show that in addition to the factors that affect the real demand of household buyers and the development cost of property developers, investors' speculative behavior is an important factor explaining housing price evolution and dynamics. In particular, investors' extrapolative expectations may drive the housing price to persistently deviate from its benchmark value and even to explode. In contrast, investors' mean-reverting strategy can balance out the position of trend extrapolators, which may stabilize an otherwise explosive housing market. Moreover, the evolutionary process of housing prices driven by investors' speculative behavior is path-dependent in the sense that different initial market conditions may result in different price paths, which corresponds to the localization property empirically documented in the real housing market. In addition, within the stylized model, we provide some policy implications through analyzing the limitation and effectiveness of policy adjustments via down payment and development cost, and find that the decrease of development cost is a better measure to adjust the housing market when it booms or busts.

Modeling of the pricing process in the housing market by the methods of system dynamics

The objects of the article are the pricing process in the housing market. Usually housing research uses a mix of statistical and econometric techniques, qualitative methods, large scale surveys, demographic forecasting and other modeling techniques. But now with increasing the rate of change of pricing factors statistical methods become ineffective. In this paper we use methods of system dynamics to simulate housing pricing. The resulting model can be used to learn about relationship between the factors of housing market, and to predict it. For the housing market of Ukraine, such model is constructed for the first time. The article proposes causal-loop models of housing pricing factors relationship, such as demand, supply, price and financial capabilities of buyers. Simulation model of housing pricing is proposed on this basis. The values of external factors model for Ukraine in 2000–2015 are found out. The effects of these factors on the housing price in Ukraine are analyzed. Simulation experiment shows good agreement between the simulation results and the real housing price changes. Also, the model is successfully used to determine the estimated housing price in alternative evolution scenarios of this market. Proposed simulation model allows pre-assessing the market response to changes in external factors which make it effective.

Формирование и развитие структур управления промышленных организаций и предприятий сетевого типа

This article discusses the problems of formation and development of management structures of industrial organizations and enterprises of network type and network forms of enterprises’ activity. The basic models of network management structures are allocated in the work. Functioning now Russian network structures of industrial enterprises are researched by the authors and the question about the need to develop a conceptual approach to the creation and development of management structures is raised. The authors define a network industrial organization as the perfect organizational type, characterized by the structure of free-bounded networks fundamentally equal and independent partners. The authors make conclusion about the need to implement the new principles of management in the network structures of industrial organizations, which is caused by two circumstantes. The first is the need in today´s environment to extremely quickly and flexibly respond to market demands, take into account the demand of buyers, new government restrictions, actions of competitors, technological innovations, discoveries, etc. The second – ubiquitousness of computer networks and various applications (CAD, Computer-Assisted Management, databases (DB), accounting and control programs, etc.) in enterprises. The authors justify the key areas of cooperation between the state and the network of industrial organizations, and formulate the principles of the formation and development of the organizational management structure of a network industrial company.

Impact of supply chain coordination on honey farmers’ income in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Most of the literature on vertical coordination and its impact on farm performance and farmer wellbeing deal with high-value or modern food supply chains, including export chains and chains dominated by large international supermarkets or other forms of foreign direct investment. The impact of vertical coordination mechanisms in local food supply chains in developing countries remains underexplored. This paper analyzes the impact of participation of honey producers in the Northern highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia in contracts and marketing cooperatives on their performance and wellbeing. The paper finds positive production and economic gains honey producers obtain from contract engagement. Honey producers under the contract scheme produce more white honey fulfilling the demand of processors, buyers and consumers. Contracting results in higher production due to the better access it causes to technology and skill transfers. Moreover, better conditions contracts offer motivates honey producers to produce more and supply larger to the market.

PREDICTION OF DEMAND FOR PRIMARY BOND OFFERINGS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Purpose: Primary bond markets represent an interesting investment opportunity not only for banks, insurance companies, and other institutional investors, but also for individuals looking for capital gains. Since offered securities vary in terms of their rating, industrial classification, coupon, or maturity, demand of buyers for particular offerings often overcomes issued volume and price of given bond on secondary market consequently rises. Investors might be regarded as consumers purchasing required service according to their specific preferences at desired price. This paper aims at analysis of demand for bonds on primary market using artificial neural networks. Design/methodology: We design a multilayered feedforward neural network trained by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm in order to estimate demand for individual bonds based on parameters of particular offerings. Outcomes obtained by artificial neural network are compared with conventional econometric methods. Findings: Our results indicate that artificial neural network significantly outperformed standard econometric techniques and on examined sample of primary bond offerings achieved considerably better performance in terms of prediction accuracy and mean squared error. Originality: We show that proposed neural network is able to successfully predict demand for primary obligation offerings based on their specifications. Moreover, we identify relevant parameters of issues which are able to considerably affect total demand for given security. Our findings might not only help investors to detect marketable securities, but also enable issuing entities to increase demand for their bonds in order to decrease their offering price.

Morphological and commodity value of broiler chickens ‘Smena 7’

We studied the morphological composition of carcass and its anatomical parts of broiler chickens in 28-, 35-, and 42-day-old cross of “Smena 7”. We have estab-lished with the aid of these experiments that highest yield in 42-day-old broilers of is 37.04% of breast, carcass - 19.41%; thigh - 16.39%; shin - 13.51%, and wing - 10.16%. In carcasses contains 72.57% of muscle tissue, bones - 15.36% and with remnants of skin fat - 8.92%. The cost of ongoing anatomical parts of carcasses depends not only on morphological structure of carcasses, but also on the demand of buyers into separate parts.

On the Problem of Quality Enforcement in Centralized Public Procurement

Demand aggregation is widely recognized as a efficiency-enhancing solution in public procurement. The technique of framework agreements represents possibly the most effective solution to struck a balance between contract standardization and customization. Central purchasing organizations in many countries are progressively relying on framework agreements to aggregate demand of different public buyers. By splitting the procurement process (until the award phase) between separate entities, such an organizational model in public procurement may, however, generate low incentives to enforce quality at the contract execution stage. In this paper, we review some evidence of contract mismanagement borrowing from the experience of the National Frame Contracts awarded by Consip S.p.A. in Italy and also discuss possible remedies.