Construction Industry Demands Research Articles

Comprehensive characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from lemon grass (Cymbopogan citratus) oil extraction agro-industrial waste for cementitious composites applications

Presently, the construction industry demands components that are exceptionally strong and long-lasting. The initial important construction material is concrete, which contains between 1 % and 2 % of air voids. The structural damage caused by water that enters through the air spaces are improved with filler material. Chemical filler materials are environmentally harmful; therefore, eco-friendly materials are selected for this study. The environmentally benign character of agro-waste byproduct usage is a driving factor in the field of research. Numerous uses can be found for waste materials, especially after they have been repurposed. We used a byproduct of an essential oil extraction company, an extract made from the leaves of lemon grass (Cymbopogan citrus), in our research. Alkalization, slow pyrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and bleaching are only some of the chemical treatments that could be used to easily extract microcrystalline cellulose from the discarded waste material. In our study the chemicals used are mild harmful to the environment and a surface reactant (linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid) is utilised to bleach and purify the microcrystalline cellulose. Thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform spectroscopy were all used to learn more about the cellulose that had been extracted. The extracted cellulose powder comprises a high crystallinity index (68.14 %) and low crystallite size (5.13 nm) found using X-ray diffraction analysis. The smooth and porous surface is observable in scanning electron microscope analysis. The Differential scanning calorimeter curve shows the highest degradation temperature at 218.16 °C. The micro sized particles mostly range between 100 and 120 μm and are found using ImageJ. The surface roughness and permissible skewness of cellulose particles were examined using atomic force microscopy. The density of extracted cellulose is 1.092 g/cm3. The microcrystalline cellulose yield % was notably maximum (40.45 %). This cellulose was introduced in a M30 grade cement concrete as fillers up to 5 % by the weight of cement. The fresh and mechanical properties of the concrete was found to get improved with the addition of cellulose up to 3 %. As a result, the characteristics of cellulose boost its utility within the construction sector.

Overcoming Challenges Faced by Quantity Surveying’s Graduates In Adopting Skills For Future Employment: Employer’s Perspective

The evolving nature of the construction industry demands a diverse set of skills and competencies from Quantity Surveying (QS) graduates. The skills of QS graduates align closely with the practice of project management which involved the practice of skills, knowledge, tools, techniques to complete tasks such as cost estimation, contract management and value engineering which important in delivering successful projects. However, the existing research falls short in providing solutions to address the significant gap between the skills possessed by QS graduates and those demanded by the industry resulting in high unemployment and underemployment rates among them. Hence, the aim of this study is to propose solutions for QS graduates to enhance their employment skills in order to meet the needs of the construction industry. The questionnaire survey was distributed among 312 experienced QS professionals working in QS consultancy firms mainly based in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur through cluster sampling technique. The findings were then further analysed by using descriptive statistics and the Relative Important Index (RII). This research revealed that inviting experienced QS professionals as guest lecturers to deliver talks is a highly effective solution to minimize the challenges encountered by QS graduates as it gives fresh insights into the construction industry. The findings from this research provide the basis for HEIs, the construction industry and QS graduates in implementing the proposed solutions to address the challenges and gaps in the skills and competencies of QS graduates. The findings are ought to contribute to the overall enhancement of employability skills among QS graduates particularly in Malaysia and optimize the productivity of construction industry.

Application of BIM technology on the design and construction of prefabricated buildings

As the population and urbanization have continued to grow all over the world, the construction industry demands more efficient, and greener ways of building. In recent years, prefabricated buildings have attracted widespread attention as a new construction method. BIM technology is a crucial element in the realm of digital architectural design and construction. Its implementation can effectively enhance the support and optimization of the prefabricated building's design and construction process. This paper aims to explore the application of BIM technology in the design and construction stages of prefabricated buildings. Firstly, the utilization of BIM technology in prefabricated building design is expounded from three aspects of digital model construction, architectural collaborative design and architectural design optimization. Then, the implementation of BIM technology in prefabricated building construction is analyzed with regard to three aspects: development of construction plans, on-site management, and quality control. Subsequently, the application of BIM technology in the design of high-rise prefabricated buildings and the construction of prefabricated buildings is introduced in detail through case studies. The results show that the application of BIM technology can improve the design efficiency and construction quality of prefabricated buildings, and has a good application prospect.

Performance Prediction of Hybrid Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Gene Expression Programming for Sustainable Construction.

The building and construction industry's demand for steel reinforcement bars has increased with the rapid growth and development in the world. However, steel production contributes to harmful waste and emissions that cause environmental pollution and climate change-related problems. In light of sustainable construction practices, bamboo, a readily accessible and eco-friendly building material, is suggested as a viable replacement for steel rebars. Its cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and considerable tensile strength make it a promising option. In this research, hybrid beams underwent analysis through the use of thoroughly validated finite element models (FEMs), wherein the replacement of steel rebars with bamboo was explored as an alternative reinforcement material. The standard-size beams were subjected to three-point loading using FEMs to study parameters such as the load-deflection response, energy absorption, maximum capacity, and failure patterns. Then, gene expression programming was integrated to aid in developing a more straightforward equation for predicting the flexural strength of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams. The results of this study support the conclusion that the replacement of a portion of flexural steel with bamboo in reinforced concrete beams does not have a detrimental impact on the overall load-bearing capacity and energy absorption of the structure. Furthermore, it may offer a cost-effective and feasible alternative.

Controlling fast-track construction method variables (time, cost and quality)

Fast-track construction projects that begin with inadequate design information have become more common in response to a rising construction industry demand. Fast-tracking shortens project duration while increasing rework. To meet project deadlines while minimising rework, specialists must select the best fast-tracking strategy. As a result, a questionnaire was developed to assess the success characteristics of fast-track construction and to provide constraints for these features and variables in national construction projects. National construction projects address specific government needs or investments to maximise the national return. The survey limited these factors by specifying maximum and minimum percentages. These percentages were chosen to expedite project building. The period in national projects varies from that of the typical construction approach to the shortest time that can be achieved with a plan. Cost and quality are within 20 and 10% of those of national project traditional construction methods, respectively. The best setting for various construction projects is determined by these proportions. It is preferable to use these percentages as a reference to complete construction projects within the shortest time, with the highest quality and at the lowest cost. This questionnaire was completed by 211 building experts.

Integrated design optimization framework for green lightweight concrete

The increasing global concern for the environment and advancements in computational tools and techniques are transforming the way building structures are designed and constructed. The current economic climate and growth of the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry demand the creation of environmentally sustainable and efficient buildings, starting from the design stage. Despite the AEC industry being a thriving sector in many countries, it is vulnerable to environmental degradation due to the impact of building materials. This paper presents a decision support framework for the optimal structural design of green concrete buildings using recycled plastic aggregates and lightweight concrete. The framework considers uncertainties such as design safety, architectural requirements, material efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. The approach evaluates four concrete aggregate materials with varying characteristics: Natural Weight Aggregate, Lightweight Volcanic Aggregate, and Plastic-Based Green Lightweight Aggregates. The proposed approach is demonstrated through a prototype model, which shows cost savings of up to 5% per floor compared to the conventional concrete mix. The results provide quantitative evidence of the direct financial benefits of using green concrete in lieu of the optimization framework, which is expected to encourage construction professionals to use environmentally friendly concrete and take part in greening the construction industry.

Utilization of recycled refractory brick as fine aggregate on various properties of sustainable concrete

One of the leading global concerns of modern time is industrial waste management, particularly in major cities lacking dumpsites. Brick waste is a non-biodegradable waste with a prolonged disintegration process, recycling it a difficult operation. The processing and management of waste materials are causing enormous hazards across the world. Due to rising demand in construction industry, lack of natural depositories are knockingsince aggregates regulate the maximum proportion of concrete structures, and plentyresearches are carried outon reuse of waste materials to developsustainable concrete. A comprehensive experimental investigation has been implemented in this study regarding the utilization of recycled refractory bricks (RRB) by crushing into the form of fine aggregate (FA). Eight concrete mixes are prepared with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, and 100% replacement level of FA by RRB. Fulfilling casting and de-molding, the specimens have been cured for 7 and 28 days. Then the physico-mechanical parameters including compressive strength (CS) by both destructive and non-destructive method, split tensile strength (STS), and weight variation have been studied. Rare existing literature is found where both destructive and non-destructive compressive strength is evaluated and compared with concrete incorporating RRB. The experimental findings indicated that RRB enhanced compressive behavior for all specimens where as 10% and 20% replacement specimens outperforming all other concrete specimens. For split tensile strength, 10–30% replacement level provided better performance, whereas 10% one presented optimum. Accuracy prediction of CS by non-destructive test (NDT) also meets the expectations for all types of concrete specimens and according to BIS specification the Rebound CS values are within ± 25% of the destructive CS.The higher replaced specimens have less notable split tensile behavior. RRB aggregate influences weight variation on the concrete specimens. Ultimately, practical implementation ofRRB upto 30% substitution of FA in concrete noted as feasible.

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement with Silica Fume and Foundry Sand with Construction Demolition Waste

New industries come in existence very rapidly. So, that demands of construction industry increase and waste material production also increases with increase of factories like foundry sand from metal factories, silica fume from silicon or alloy factories and construction demolition waste from old buildings destruction. These materials are used either for land filling or dispose in water which creates environmental issue or pollution. Demand of natural resources (fine and coarse aggregate) also increases due to the increase in demand of construction industry; high demand of natural resource also increases cost of construction. These waste materials are not used anywhere but it can be used again for construction purpose that will result in the economic building construction and reduce the environmental issue. In this paper the experimental work done on concrete with partial replacement of silica fume, construction demolition waste and waste foundry sand for using it in construction purpose and the conclusion comes out that when we replace the construction Demolition waste at 15% strength decrease from the normal concrete mix strength after that at 20% it increase from 15% concrete mix and at 25% its strength comes near the strength of normal concrete mix but workability decreases. So we can use this type of material for road construction. By 10% replacement of silica fume strength increase but after 10% it starts decreasing. By replacement of Waste Foundry Sand strength of concrete mix increase from the normal concrete mix up to 15% replacement of Waste Foundry Sand, increase the strength but after that it start decreasing. When we take the combination of the mixes then it comes out near the normal concrete mix strength. So, we can use these materials where we need low workability concrete like for road purpose.

The Impact of Building Orientation and Window-to-Wall Ratio on the Performance of Electrochromic Glazing in Hot Arid Climates: A Parametric Assessment

The significant increase in construction industry demand with its negative effects on energy consumption is particularly evident in areas with severe climatic factors. Here, the designers aim at providing comfort with the least amount of energy, and consequently have resorted to using different software tools to choose the optimal solution in the early phase of design to avoid time and cost losses. The use of smart innovative technologies such as electrochromic (EC) glazing may provide an important contribution in reducing consumptions while providing good thermal and visual comfort conditions. Nonetheless, as shown in the literature, such glazing should be used and managed carefully to avoid any adverse effects or low performance. Thus, a parametric simulation was carried out using Rhinoceros and Grasshopper to assess the advantages in terms of energy use resulting from use of EC glazing in residential buildings as a function of façade orientation and window-to-wall ratio (WWR) with reference to the city of Biskra, located in the northeastern region of Algeria. Eight main orientations and ten WWR scenarios were investigated in order to evaluate the benefit of using this technology in the selected climatic region. The research results proved the benefit of using EC glazing in all orientations, with energy savings ranging from 35.88% in the northern façade to 60.47% in the southwestern façade.

Properties of Fiber Cement Boards Influenced by BSCH (Banana Stem and Corn Husk) Fibers and Citric Acid Addition

At present, the amount of organic wastes including banana stem and corn husk produced from the Philippines is roughly 56 million technical tons. On the other hand, the construction industry demands innovation to some of the construction materials including cement fiber boards (CFB). The objective of this study is to address the increasing volume of organic wastes including banana stem and corn husk (BSCH) by incorporating BSCH fibers in to cement boards. To test whether the boards fabricated with BSCH fibers is a viable option, the study determined the physical and mechanical properties of cement boards reinforced with BSCH fibers added with citric acid. The experimental results obtained from this study showed that the flexural strength of the cement boards reinforced with banana stem and corn husk fibers is higher than the cement boards without fibers. On the other hand, the compressive strength the cement fiber boards increased in 8% fiber reinforcement and gradually decreased as more fibers were added to the mix. Furthermore, the boards with fibers showed effective drilling characteristics. From the tested cement fiber boards, the cement fiber boards with 8% fiber reinforcement showed the most promising results in both physical and mechanical properties of the fiber cement board.

Application of Ultrasound Sensor in Construction Safety: Study of Struck-By Hazard

Objectives: To accesses the impact of the sensors in preventing from struck-by hazards in the construction sites; To compare the suitability of available sensor technologies in prevention system of struck-by hazard. Method: The current demand of construction industry is to complete project in the minimum time, to achieve the goal of safety as construction sites are getting complex in terms of management challenge. Available proximity sensors were examined to choose an appropriate sensor for using in early warning system to prevent from struck-by hazards. An early warning system was proposed using ultrasound sensor, that will warn the vehicle operator by visual and acoustical methods to stop the vehicle before collision between vehicle and personal / equipment / material and will prevent from struck-by hazards. Findings: It has been proven that blind spots (visibility problem) are the main reason for struckby accidents. Ultrasound sensors uses sound technology, so that, they are suitable to detect objects in non-visible conditions (Rain, Fog, Night etc.). Ultrasound technology is independent and does not necessitate external hardware installation or processing facilities once it is integrated on the machinery. Proposed early warning system will help construction managers to manage sites more effectively. Novelty: Many researchers have done various studies on struck-by hazard prevention in construction. However, there is no enough focus on, particularly using ultrasound sensors to prevent from struckby hazards. Hence to assess the capability and use of ultrasound sensors in this area of construction is been done Keywords: Construction Safety; Safety Management; Ultrasound Sensor; Struckby Hazard; Prevention System; Early Warning System

Experimental Investigation of Steel Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete Using Ecosand

Concrete is a versatile widely used construction material. Ever since concrete has been accepted as a material for construction, researchers have been trying to improve its quality and enhance its performance. Recent changes in construction industry demand improved durability of structures. There is a methodological shift in the concrete design from a strength based concept to a performance based design. At present stage there is a large emphasis on performance aspect of concrete. One such thought has lead to the development of self compacting concrete (SCC). The present investigation is aimed at developing a self compacting conceret with the addition of steel fibres and using eco sand as replacement. SCC characteristics such as flow ability, pasing ability and segregation resistance have been verified using slump flow, L box and V funnel tests.

Segmentação de imagens microtomográficas tridimensionais de concretos leves usando técnicas de limiarização automática para cálculo de porosidade aparente

Construction industry demands sustainable processes and the addition of lightweight aggregates presents as an effective solution to obtain different concrete mixtures by recycling production outputs from other industries, as the Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA), raw material mostly utilized at footwear industry. Despite all the sustainable appeal in the recycle of EVA or other lightweight aggregates into the concrete mixtures, the loss of resistance is a frequent issue that can be prevented by adding natural fibers, such as piaçava, to the composition. Aiming the usage of these new materials, it is necessary to know their characteristics. In materials science the techniques of non-destructive tests stand out for maintaining the integrity of the material in question promoting savings and sustainability. In this work, X-ray computerized microtomographic images from samples of different lightweight concrete compositions were analyzed. These analyzes were carried out by image processing techniques, such as the Otsu and k-means, aiming to characterize the microstructure of the cementitious matrix of lightweight concrete mixture with EVA and piaçava fiber. The three-dimensional analysis of the microtomographic images offers descriptors that make it possible to characterize these samples. The results were satisfactory when compared with mercury porosimetry tests performed on the samples.

Mud jaalis of Surguja: A tribal narrative from Chhattisgarh

Modern construction industry demands for adaptation of sustainable construction materials and practices to control its adverse effect on the environment. One of the answers to such issue is moving back to indigenous techniques and natural construction materials. The vernacular architecture teaches different methods of construction which can be adapted in modern contemporary practice as well. The tribal belt of Chhattisgarh in India still exercises different vernacular techniques in construction of their houses. They are largely dependent on availability of local materials such as mud, husk, stone, lime, bamboo, and timber for any type of construction. The paper discusses the material and manufacturing of one of the key elements of the tribal architecture of Surguja district in Chhattisgarh called “Jaali” a perforated screen. The study investigates the usage and construction technique of mud based jaali used in openings of rural houses. The study explores orientation and architectural details of the jaali to comprehend the same in contemporary practice. Further the temperature of indoor and outdoor is recorded manually to understand the actual difference and benefits of jaali usage.

Study on Tuned Mass Damper Use in High-Rise Building

Abstract: Current styles in the construction industry demand tall and light buildings, which are also flexible and low-cost. This increases the chances of failure and problems from the point of view of usability. Many modern methods are available to reduce structural vibration, with many vibration control strategies, the idea of using the new TMD. This study was conducted to study the efficacy of using TMD in controlling structural movement. Initially a numerical algorithm was developed to investigate the response of a shear structure containing TMD. Next another numerical algorithm was developed to investigate the response of an independent 2D model programmed with TMD. Three slow loading methods used. The first was a sinusoidal upload, the second was in line with the corresponding timeline according to IS-1894 (Part -1): 2002 with 5% erosion (PGA = 1g) and the third was 1940 El Centro Earthquake Record (PGA) = 0.313g). From research it has been found that TMD can be used effectively to control building vibrations. TMD worked best when the softness of the structure was low. Gradually increase the magnitude of the effects of TMD on the gradual decline in the response to structural migration. Keywords: Harmonic absorber, viscous damper, crankshaft torsional damper, kinetic energy,

Study on the feasibility of using agricultural waste in the production of concrete blocks

The construction industry demands a huge extraction of natural resources along with ample energy consumption; hence the search for new technologies is essential to minimize environmental impacts. The incorporation of natural by-products as reinforcement elements in cement matrix composites production has been studied as an alternative to reduce the use of non-renewable raw materials. The most common natural by-products in Brazil are coffee husk and sugarcane bagasse, which, despite their use by some industries, have yet large non-used amounts, needing adequate disposal of and new ways to add value to waste. This work aimed at evaluating the feasibility of producing concrete blocks partially replacing the crushed stones by sugarcane bagasse and coffee husk agricultural waste. For each residue, the replacement percentages of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% (V/V) were evaluated (separately), in addition to a formulation without the use of agricultural residues. Agricultural waste was treated for extractive removal and later evaluated based on their morphological, chemical and physical characterization. The mass mix used was 20: 100: 170: 17.05 (cement: sand: crushed stone: water). The blocks were evaluated for their bulk density, water absorption, compressive strength, thermal and microstructure properties. Agricultural waste used as reinforcement improved physical, mechanical and thermal properties of concrete blocks. Sugarcane bagasse showed a greater potential for its use as reinforcement in concrete blocks than coffee husk. The formulation using 5% sugarcane bagasse offered the best results, which allowed the blocks to present the lowest water absorption values and the highest compressive strength values, as well as being one of the best treatments when evaluating thermal properties, meeting all the commercialization standards criteria.

ОГЛЯД БІТУМНИХ В'ЯЖУЧИХ, ЩО ВИКОРИСТОВУЮТЬСЯ В УКРАЇНІ

Introduction. Pavement bitumen is one of general road construction materials that are used for pavement construction. The quality of bitumen binder regulates specific technical and operational characteristics of asphalt pavements and their durability Problem Statement. Nowadays in Ukraine only one refinery plant produces pavement bitumen. The volume of its production is not enough to completely satisfy the demands of Ukrainian road construction industry. Due this a lot of binders in Ukraine are imported from other countries. In recent years the highest volumes of bitumen was imported from Republic of Belarus and Poland. In 2020 the amount of road construction works was increased, particularly with pavement repairing and new pavement constructing. It resulted in increasing in need in pavement bitumen that led not only to the high volume of import bitumen but to an expansion of the list of importing counties. Purpose. The presented study is aimed on analysis of quality of bitumen imported in Ukraine from eight countries. For these binders their features are obtained and problem of their applicability and its advisability in Ukraine road industry is considered. Materials and methods. As a material of research bitumens produced in Azerbaijan, the Republic of Belarus, Greece, Spain, Italy, Poland, Turkey and Ukraine are chosen. The standard quality properties are obtained in accordance with the actual in Ukraine standards ДСТУ 4044 and ДСТУ EN 12591. Beside this the attention is paid to the finding of fundamental properties of these binders, such as adhesion, cohesion and viscosity. Results. With the experimental data it is found that all bitumens significantly differ in their structural type. It results in differences in softening point and breaking point temperatures at the equal penetration value (this difference is in the range from 4.5 °С for the closer values to 16.5 °С for the most distinct values). This fact can influence on asphalt pavement properties and durability. Besides such a difference in a temperature susceptibility of binders their adhesion and cohesion properties differ too. Bitumen that tends to sol type of structure is characterized with higher cohesion and viscosity values. This peculiarity must be taken into account in mixing and compaction operations for the asphalts with such bitumen. The temperatures of these operations must be higher than one for bitumen close to the gel type. The low temperature susceptibility and wide plasticity interval are the advantages of bitumen that tends to gel type of structure. Conclusions. All bitumens that are imported in Ukraine must be certificated with ДСТУ 4044:2019 national standard requirements. Also they must be tested with additional methods to validate the decision on their implementation in road construction industry and to specify the implementation area. Keywords: paving bitumen, bitumen binder, penetration, softening point temperature, adhesion, cohesion, viscosity

Review of recently characterized Nigeria timber species for structural applications

The continuous rise of world population is putting much pressure on the housing and infrastructure stocks available to the society, thereby accentuating the need for more constructions and of course, more pressing demands on the depreciating natural resources. Today, the most used construction materials are concrete and steel, but the amount of pollutants deriving from their production has remained a source of great concern to the world. Finding solution to this environmental challenge has given rise to Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs), aimed at making the planet earth more conducive to living organisms. One of the viable approaches to reduce the high demand of construction industry on depreciating natural resources is the recourse to using more of renewable materials like timber. Timber is one of the few construction materials that have served all the ages of human lives in providing shelter. In this moment of pressing needs for more shelter and infrastructure, needed to make life more comfortable for man, the use of this renewable material must be sustained, but the strength characteristics must be known for more efficient and safe use. This research reviews recent characterization of some Nigerian timber species. This research emphasizes some good strength properties of recently reviewed Nigeria timber species, which will build the confidence of designers on safe judgment and choice of structural timber, help to reduce the cost of construction, thereby making residential houses more affordable to the lower class of the society. This will help to build a sustainable eco system for all.

Studies of Concrete Mechanical Properties with Basalt Fibers

Current situation of construction industry demands competency in inventing new materials to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete in its strength point of view as well as durability. Basalt fibers are formed due to melting crushed volcanic basalt rock in a single stage phase. These are non-toxic and environmentally safe. Basalt fibers (BF) are highly resistant to heat, and possess insulating properties apart from having an elastic structure. In this context, the present study has been taken up to study the performance of concrete blended with basalt fibers and their influence on mechanical properties of concrete. The Basalt fibers of different proportions 0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% in volume of concrete added to M40-grade concrete (BFRC)and tested for compressive strength, tensile strength and bending strengths. The results showed that concrete with 0.3% fibers exhibited maximum strength values.

Heavy Metal Immobilization Studies and Enhancement in Geotechnical Properties of Cohesive Soils by EICP Technique

Soil treatment methods to cope with ever-growing demands of construction industry and environmental aspects are always explored for their suitability in different in-situ conditions. Of late, enzyme induced calcite precipitation (EICP) is gaining importance as a reliable technique to improve soil properties and for contaminant remediation scenarios. In the present work, swelling and permeability characteristics of two native Indian cohesive soils (Black and Red) are explored. Experiments on the sorption and desorption of multiple heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) onto these soils were conducted to understand the sorptive response of the heavy metals. To improve the heavy metal retention capacity and enhance swelling and permeability characteristics, the selected soils were treated with different enzyme solutions. The results revealed that EICP technique could immobilize the heavy metals in selected soils to a significant level and reduce the swelling and permeability. This technique is contaminant selective and performance varies with the nature and type of heavy metal used. Citric acid (C6H8O7) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) were used as extractants in the present study to study the desorption response of heavy metals for different EICP conditions. The results indicate that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitate deposited in the voids of soil has the innate potential in reducing the permeability of soil up to 47-fold and swelling pressure by 4-fold at the end of 21 days of curing period. Reduction in permeability and swell, following EICP treatment can be maintained with one time rinsing of the treated soil in water to avoid dissolution of precipitated CaCO3. Outcomes of this study have revealed that EICP technique can be adopted on selected native soils to reduce swelling and permeability characteristics followed by enhanced contaminant remediation enabling their potential as excellent landfill liner materials.