Demand For Tertiary Education Research Articles

Does It Matter Where They Train? Transitions into Higher Education After VET and the Role of Labour Market Segments

Due to a higher demand for tertiary education, continued educational achievement has become important for the career development of young people with vocational education and training (VET). In this article, therefore, we examine whether the labour market segment of the training firm influences VET diploma holders’ likelihood of entering tertiary education. In Switzerland, companies from a wide range of industries and with different institutional characteristics assume a large part of the responsibility for training. Thus, the training firm’s position in the labour market impacts apprentices’ education and training. Drawing upon segmentation theories, we argue that structural differences between training firms in different labour market segments result in varying opportunities and incentives for higher education. Our analyses are based on a longitudinal national survey of healthcare apprentices who were trained in the primary healthcare segment (hospitals) or in the secondary healthcare segment (nursing homes). Propensity score matching results show that VET diploma holders who were trained in the primary segment were more likely to enter tertiary education than those who were trained in the secondary segment. This finding implies that the structural conditions in the training firm matter for young workers’ careers by affecting further educational achievement.

Smart skills and education in a future economy

Whether the role of education is to prepare people for employment or to have meaningful lives in general, it will identify and develop skills and competencies, as well as vocational and personal attributes. Skills, such as critical thinking, novel ideation, and complex cognitive and social skills, are areas where humans continue to outperform smart machines. The purpose of this article is to review the skills and competencies that will be in demand in the future, with an eye to recent technological changes. First, macroeconomic data concerning higher education will be reviewed in order to illustrate the situation of tertiary education, with a focus on Poland. A significant decline in demand for tertiary education has been observed in Poland in the last few years, despite the good returns on investment in education, which are the highest among the OECD countries. The empirical part of this paper presents results of a pilot survey that aimed to provide insight into several key competencies and vocational attributes that are perceived to be relevant for a future economy, according to Polish employers. The primary data was collected manually, using a quantitative survey on three occasions at two different job fairs in Gdansk in March 2017. Work experience, new media literacy, and formal education were assessed as least relevant variables (x=13); learning and diligence were assessed as most relevant according to the studied target group (n=55). Furthermore, the study showed specific differences in perception, depending on the size of the employer.

International student accommodation and changing foreign policy alignments in 1950s Australia

Australia’s popularity as a study destination increased markedly from the 1940s, with growing demand for tertiary education in postcolonial Asia. The advent of scholarship initiatives, including the Colombo Plan’s Technical Cooperation Scheme in 1951, further increased interest in Australia as an educational provider for both sponsored and privately funded students. This article explores the print media’s commentary on international student accommodation shortages in the 1950s. While Australian housing availability was impacted by wartime cessation of construction and postwar immigration, print media coverage generally attributed international student accommodation shortages to discrimination within the rental market. Overwhelmingly, this alleged discriminatory treatment was condemned within the print media, with the dual rationale of moral and diplomatic objections prominent in newspaper discourse. This media censure is examined within the context of shifting foreign policy alignments, growing national and international condemnation of the so-called ‘White Australia policy’, and the broader political agenda of Australian Colombo Plan involvement.

The structure of tertiary education, training and research potential influencing factors

Nowadays more and more pronounced demand for tertiary education appears as an output of the labor market and the real labor market needs coordination of intention. A necessary condition for the long-term sector strategies, conscious coordination. In Hungary – the sector management level – headed tertiary education training structure and the transformation of the institutional network. There is a close relationship between training supply and research and development potential, as an institution typically the same disciplinary education and research base continues. Based on this, we assume that the structure of the training may influence the development of the restructuring of the research and development potential as well. The institutional network reorganization (merger, liquidation, establishment of new institutions) is expected to result in a former spatial structure of tertiary education in the modification, which in itself is a training and research supply spatial rearrangement may apply. Against this background, questions have been raised as to how the objectives in the current tertiary education strategy for economic operators serving the needs of each territorial unit, how the institution fits into network transformation of economic structure and labor market needs of the regions.
 In order for the Hungarian tertiary education can meet the requirement for industry standards, an essential part of the structure of industries, and the changes occurring in the economic structure, trends and industry relations in the investigation. On the other hand, we do not ignore those factors are not, which have a determining influence on the tertiary education institutions in training and R&D supply. As part of this study in tertiary education institutions will be examined possible factors influencing education, research and development demand and supply, which gets a prominent role in the economic structure of relations between the territorial dimension in the evolution of discount factors and the nature of particular sectors.

STRATEGIC EXPORT MARKETING PLAN OF DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

This is a case study of Deakin University that will expand their education service to Turkey. Turkey is located in Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia with a strong growing economy, population and demand for tertiary education. It presents a good opportunity for Deakin University to expand its education services in and increase its market share globally. Considering the high level interests amongst Turkish students in the field of Business, Deakin will offer a Business degree in Commerce where students can further specialize in various fields. In doing so, Deakin will be in partnership with a local university called Koc University. Located in Istanbul, where the majority of the target market is concentrated, Koc University has the facilities that Deakin can use in providing education services in Turkey. On the other hand, Deakin will provide the information technology equipments, Deakin Student Online (DSO) systems and learning resources such as access to Journals, online live conference etc. Highly qualified lecturers, both from Australia and local teachers will be help to ensure the quality of teaching learning process provided by Deakin. In addition, Deakin has an extensive experience in providing education services abroad through partnerships, often called offshore programs, and will use its experience for its expansion to the education market in Turkey. Despite having seven agents in Turkey, Deakin is currently relatively unknown to the Turkish education market. In order to promote the marketing activities in Turkey as well as support the students enrolled at the offshore program, Deakin will open a representative office. Considering the large market in the high school student segment and the education situation in Turkey where there is more demand of tertiary education than university places, there is a high opportunity of success for Deakin in Turkey. Keywords: Deakin University, Turkey, International Marketing, Education service

Role of Local Private Universities in Increasing Labour Productivity in Malawi

Demand for tertiary education is ever increasing in developing countries such as Malawi. Current statistics indicate that enrolment in Malawian private local universities has surpassed that in public universities. There is however no empirical evidence on whether the private-owned service providers have ultimate objective of increasing labour productivity through the degree programmes awarded to the graduates leaving those institutions. There is looming danger of adverse regulation as the general public is ever demanding quality tertiary education to justify tuition fees paid and the impact of tertiary education to Malawian’s GDP. This paper therefore strives to develop policy formulation which local private universities can adopt towards implementing quality assurance standards as source of attracting higher student enrolment through focusing on increased labour productivity in Malawi as the core objective of existence.

Foreign Direct Investment in Education

Historically, education was not amenable to foreign direct investment (FDI). Considered as a “public good”, it has been traditionally dominated by the public sector. The State financed, and is still financing, education at all levels. The dominant providers of education have been public and/or private non-profit institutions. With no profits to be made, education has thus remained outside of the realm of market forces, and trade and FDI. This, however, started to change some two decades ago, especially with regard to tertiary education. One reason has been an explosion of demand for tertiary education from emerging and rapidly growing middle classes of developing and transition economies, partly resulting also from government — backed progress in secondary education, producing increased number of candidates for higher education. Governments have not been able to cope with this demand, even though many have increased funding of tertiary education. Another reason is that better-off households in developing countries, facing the supply gap and often lower quality of tertiary education in their own countries, have shown an increasing willingness to pay for education of their children abroad. Not being able to cope with the growing demand, an increasing number of developing countries began to allow the private provision of tertiary education, including foreign provision through FDI. Countries not facing supply constrains have allowed private education in the hope of increasing the quality of education. Developed countries, facing budgetary constraints, have encouraged their non-profit institutions to seek additional sources of revenue, including from fee-based education. All this, as well as other factors, has given rise to the emergence and growth of FDI in education, mainly in the tertiary education. The paper, first, documents growing FDI in education in general, and in tertiary education in particular, using data from various sources. Attention is given to non-equity modes of cross-border provision of education, which are still much more important than modes resembling FDI. This is done against the background of the internationalization of higher education: FDI is but one of the modes of internationalization. Second, drivers and factors behind the expansion of FDI are discussed for host and home countries, as well as for higher education institutions. Third, the paper deals with potential benefits and risks of host developing countries associated with FDI in education. Fourth, it concludes with a review of regulatory issues and host countries’ policies for FDI in tertiary education, including policies aimed at maximizing benefits and minimizing adverse effects of FDI.

“Underlining Factors in Deciding to Pursue Australian Higher Education in Singapore” – An International Students’ Perspective

The international demand for tertiary education has grown tremendously as enrolment increased from a mere 6.5 million in 1950 to 88 million in 2000 (Larsen & Vincent-Lancrin, 2002). Boehm et al (2002) predicted that by 2025, there will be 7 million students studying overseas compared to 1.4 million in the early 1990s. This research focus on identifying the underlying factors influencing the decision of students from China and India to pursue tertiary education at Australian institutes of higher education located in Singapore. The study expands the six factor model (Mazzarol, 1997) by incorporating variables relevant to Asian context. The research design adopts a mixed method approach in a survey of the literature and online survey of students from India and China. The findings include a statistical analysis of factors and considerations influencing the decision of these students, the role of education services agents in their home country and a discussion on the conceptual framework of the evoked set of factors influencing the decision of an international student. The study makes important recommendations to stakeholders in higher education sector in Asia-Pacific region.

E‐learning and Web 2.0: transforming higher education in Africa

PurposeThis paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting‐edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsAccess to education in developing countries is limited, with less than 5 percent of students in higher learning education compared to the world average of 16 percent. The demand for tertiary education in Africa has not been matched by an expansion of existing facilities and resources; meaning that tertiary education is not offered to significant portions of the population.Practical implicationsThe paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.Originality/valueThe briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy‐to digest format.

The International Effects of China’s Growth, Trade and Education Booms

AbstractChina’s international trade flows have increased by 500 per cent since 1992, far outstripping GDP growth. Likewise tertiary education enrolments have increased by 300 per cent. We simulate these changes using a multi‐sector growth model of the Chinese and USA economies. A decade of trade biased growth in China is found to raise USA GDP by approximately 3–4.5 percentage points and has a large impact on the demand for tertiary education in China. Despite these positive effects of growth, the results suggest that the expansion of China’s education sectorper sehas practically no long‐run impact on the USA economy.

Do Guns Displace Books? – The Impact of Compulsory Military Service on Educational Attainment

Compulsory military service typically drafts young men when they are at the height of their learning ability. Thus, it can be expected to depress the demand for higher education since skill atrophy and the delayed entry into the civilian labor market reduce the returns to human-capital investments. Attending university, however, might open the possibility to avoid the draft, leading to an increase in the demand for tertiary education. To estimate the causal effect of conscription on the probability to obtain a university degree, we use a regression-discontinuity design that employs special regulations associated with the introduction of conscription in Germany in 1956. We estimate conscription to increase the probability of having a university degree.

Do Guns Displace Books? The Impact of Compulsory Military Service on Educational Attainment

Compulsory military service typically drafts young men when they are at the height of their learning ability. Thus, it can be expected to depress the demand for higher education since skill atrophy and the delayed entry into the civilian labor market reduce the returns to human-capital investments. Attending university, however, might open the possibility to avoid the draft, leading to an increase in the demand for tertiary education. To estimate the causal effect of conscription on the probability to obtain a university degree, we use a regression-discontinuity design that employs special regulations associated with the introduction of conscription in Germany in 1956. We estimate conscription to increase the probability of having a university degree.

An exploratory and comparative assessment of the governance arrangements of universities in Ghana

PurposeInstitutional governance has recently attracted significant attention, fuelled by increasing numbers of global high‐profile corporate failures and scandals. In many countries issues have been raised about university governance. In Ghana, university governance has become crucial following the upsurge of private universities in recent years arising out of: increased demand for tertiary education resulting from high population growth; and expanded enrolment at basic and secondary levels, which have far exceeded the capacity of existing institutions. This study aims to explore and assess the governance arrangements of private and public universities in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachA multi‐stage sampling technique was used to select three private and two public universities. An exploratory and comparative approach was used to examine the governance arrangements of private and public universities in Ghana.FindingsBoth private and public universities in Ghana follow the “traditional”, “business”, and “trusteeship” models of university governance, although in different proportions. Additionally, both types of institutions follow the bicameral system of decision making.Research limitations/implicationsOnly five of 19 universities in Ghana were sampled. Future research might expand the sample size to test and validate the initial perspectives from this study and also investigate differences between governance arrangements of faith based and non‐faith based private universities.Originality/valueThe paper reports the findings of the first nation‐wide investigation into governance arrangements of Ghanaian universities. It will interest policy makers, university authorities, and other stakeholders in the higher educational sector.

The demand for tertiary education ? An Australian study

In this article the demand for tertiary education by successful Higher School Certificate Candidates in Victoria is modelled along the lines of Handa and Skolnik (1975). This particular component of the overall demand is studied because of the particularly plentiful and accurate information available. The estimated effect of youth unemployment on demand raises a number of interesting hypotheses related to the traditional human capital variables of opportunity cost of education and expected future returns. These hypotheses are evaluated using the developed demand model.