Demand For Female Workers Research Articles

Comments by Shigeyuki Abe, On the Demand for Female Workers in Japan: The Role of ICT and Offshoring

June 01 2018 Comments by Shigeyuki Abe, On the Demand for Female Workers in Japan: The Role of ICT and Offshoring Author and Article Information Online Issn: 1536-0083 Print Issn: 1535-3516 © 2018 by the Asian Economic Panel and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2018Massachusetts Institute of Technology Asian Economic Papers (2018) 17 (2): 47–48. https://doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00605 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Comments by Shigeyuki Abe, On the Demand for Female Workers in Japan: The Role of ICT and Offshoring. Asian Economic Papers 2018; 17 (2): 47–48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00605 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsAsian Economic Papers Search Advanced Search Shigeyuki Abe: This paper starts with a concise and yet comprehensive survey of literature on female labor participation and the authors make their position of the analysis clear. Their contribution is to shed light on the role of ICT and offshoring as determinants of female labor demand by estimating a system of labor demands, controlling for the effects of skill-biased technological change and offshoring simultaneously. To the extent that the authors use the data set of ICT capital deepening and labor education level as quality of labor, their modeling endeavor is successful. Their most interesting finding is that the ICT capital stock has significantly negative effects on the demand for middle-low-skilled female workers, whereas it has significantly positive effects on the demand for low-, middle-high-, and high-skilled female workers. The use of ICT such as computers and other high-tech equipment can increase the demand for female workers in general. This... You do not currently have access to this content.

On the Demand for Female Workers in Japan: The Role of ICT and Offshoring

This paper examines the determinants of the demand for female workers, focusing on the role of information and communication technology (ICT) and offshoring. Estimating a system of variable factor demands for manufacturing industries between 1980 and 2011, we find that, whereas the ICT capital stock has significantly positive effects on the demand for low-, middle-high-, and high-skilled female workers, it has significantly negative effects on the demand for middle-low-skilled female workers. In contrast, offshoring has insignificant effects on the demand for female workers, which suggests that offshoring is at least neutral on the demand for female workers.

Summary of the General Discussion on “On the Demand for Female Workers in Japan: The Role of ICT and Offshoring”

Summary of the General Discussion on “On the Demand for Female Workers in Japan: The Role of ICT and Offshoring”

Institutional Rigidities and Their Effects on Labor Demand in Turkey

This study analyzes the effects of one of the institutional rigidities in Turkish labour market; job security regulations introduced with new labour code legislated in 2003, on the labour demand. By examining the periods before and after the year 2003 with panel data methods, the changes in the responsiveness of labour demand to the changes in labour costs are investigated. In the study in which TURKSTAT Manufacturing Industry Statistics are used, it is found that the responsiveness of labour demand to the changes in labour costs increased after 2003. It is concluded that the labour costs and job security regulations which influence these costs indirectly are effective on the hiring and firing decisions of employers. When a distinctive analysis based on gender is made, it is found that while the results related demand for male workers are similar with the total demand estimates; the demand for female workers does not have a significant response to the changes in labour costs. Estimates in which the openness variable is included show that openness effects labour demand in negative direction.

Now Hiring: The Feminization of Work in the United States, 1900-1995

As the twentieth century draws to an end, the changing role of women appears as one of the dominant features of the era. In Now Hiring, historian Julia Blackwelder traces the century-long evolution of the American occupational structure and the ensuing rise in demand for female workers through the closing episodes of the Industrial Revolution and the advent of postindustrialism. Decade by decade, she adroitly traces the main lines of the development of the female work force and its interactions education, family life, and social convention while developing a nuanced analysis of the differential patterns for various ethnic, racial, age, and socioeconomic groups. Through vignettes of individual women, given context by statistical data that place them within larger patterns of work and family life, Blackwelder presents her arguments with flesh on them. She offers a pioneering consideration of non-paid employment as part of the picture of women and work and incorporates an intriguing case study of the evolution of the Girl Scout organization. Her consideration of the interaction of race, class, gender, and economic forces in the evolving roles of working women--particularly since she weaves these issues into every discussion, rather than isolating them as afterthoughts--also makes an intellectual contribution to the field of women's studies. In her conclusion, Blackwelder summarizes the effects of a century of change in women's employment and delineates the social and economic challenges that will confront women and families of the twenty-first century. Blackwelder portrays the larger economy as the premier driving force for patterns of female work. She demonstrates that the reconfiguration of the women's labor market followed the shift of the leading sector, from agriculture in the nineteenth century to manufacturing and eventually to service industries. In addition, she shows how changes in the labor market redirected female education and transformed family structures in the United States and how these changes in turn contributed to the further restructuring of job opportunities and salary structures. Blackwelder analyzes how gender conventions have affected the employment of women: what industries would hire them, what positions they were considered for, what pay was considered appropriate. Considering how the shift in the national economy and the growing female permeation of the labor force changed the dynamics and economics of family life, she shows that although wage-earning wives gained more authority within marriage, they also assumed heavier responsibilities for the financial support of their families. As rising rates of separation and divorce further burdened mothers (who generally had child custody), women's economic advances paradoxically worsened their overall financial well-being. This survey of U.S. women and work introduces students and general readers alike to these important topics, and the distinctiveness of Blackwelder's approach, blending quantitative data and oral history materials, as well as the cogency of her underlying arguments, give the book importance to scholars of labor and economic history and women's studies.

Computer Use and the Demand for Female Workers

Using data from the March and October CPS, the author investigates the effect of computers on the demand for female workers. One model suggests that computers, by changing skill requirements and the conditions of work--de-emphasizing physical skill--should favor women even if women have no advantage over men in using computers or in acquiring computer skills. Decompositions of the growth in women's employment and cross-industry-occupation regressions indicate that increases in computer use can account for over half of the growth in demand for female workers. Consistent with the hypothesis that differences in the physical requirements of jobs are responsible for these effects, increases in computer use have the greatest effect among skilled blue-collar workers and workers with less than a college education. The increase in computer use may contribute to an apparent substitutability between highly skilled women and less skilled men found in other research.

Computer Use and the Demand for Female Workers

Using data from the March and October CPS, the author investigates the effect of computers on the demand for female workers. A model illustrates that computers, by changing skill requirements and the conditions of work—de-emphasizing physical skill—should favor women even if women have no advantage over men in using computers or in acquiring computer skills. Decompositions of the growth in women's employment and cross-industry-occupation regressions indicate that increases in computer use can account for over half of the growth in demand for female workers. Consistent with the hypothesis that differences in the physical requirements of jobs are responsible for these effects, increases in computer use have the greatest effect among skilled blue-collar workers and workers with less than a college education. The increase in computer use may contribute to an apparent substitutability between highly skilled women and less skilled men found in other research.