Demand For Cotton Research Articles

Integrating physiological and transcriptomic analyses explored the regulatory mechanism of cold tolerance at seedling emergence stage in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cold stress is one of the major abiotic stressor that profoundly impacts plant growth. Cotton, a widely cultivated variety, is particularly susceptible to cold stress. Unraveling the responses to cold stress is critical for cotton demand. In this investigation, we conducted comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses of the cold-tolerant variety XLZ16 and cold-sensitive variety XLZ84 at seedling emergence stage under cold stress. Following exposure to cold stress, XLZ16 exhibited a markedly higher growth phenotype and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, while simultaneously showing reduced cellular oxidative damage and apoptosis. Furthermore, the levels of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CTK), and salicylic acid (SA) significantly increased during cold stress, whereas the contents of catendorsterol (TY), brassinosterone (CS), and jasmonic acid (JA) significantly decreased. Integrated with stoichiometric analysis, these findings definitively demonstrated significant differences in antioxidant capacity and hormone content between the two varieties during their response to cold stress. A total of 6207 potential cold-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through transcriptome sequencing analysis. Enrichment analyses of these DEGs revealed that pathways related to “hormones biosynthesis and signaling” as well as “circadian rhythm” were associated with cold response. Notably, the hub gene Gh_D12G2567 (GhJAZ3), encoding jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, was found to influence the JA signal transduction pathway and regulate cotton growth under cold stress within the MEred module network. Furthermore, suppressing the expression level of GhJAZ3 by virus-induced gene silencing led to the reduction of cold resistance, implying GhJAZ3 as a positive regulator of cold tolerance. This study provides valuable insights into the response mechanisms of cotton under cold stress. It also serves as a reference and foundation for further enhancing cold tolerance of new cotton varieties.

Research on visualization of cotton canopy structure and extraction of feature parameters based on dual-perspective point cloud data

ABSTRACT Cotton is one of the crops that requires the most time and labor. Precision agriculture technology is required for efficient management of cotton, and the identification of cotton attribute information in the field is a necessary and crucial step towards implementing precision agriculture. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) have evolved into essential instruments for plant phenotyping research. In this study, in order to address the demand for cotton attribute identification over wide areas in the field, an airborne LiDAR system was built based on LiDAR detection technology. This work acquired a dual-view point cloud of a cotton field in order to address the high density and low accuracy of the cotton point cloud attributes. Following pre-processing of the data, the point cloud was first coarsely regenerated using a combination of Fast Point Feature Histograms (FPFH) and Intrinsic Shape Signatures (ISS) techniques. The dual-view point cloud registration was then refined and finished using an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The height of the cotton plant was determined using the reconstructed point cloud of the cotton canopy, and a method combining Graham’s algorithm and the Alpha-Shape algorithm was suggested to determine the porosity of the cotton layers. The findings revealed that the root mean square errors (RMSE) between calculated and measured values of cotton plant height and stratified porosity were, respectively, 3.98 cm and 5.21%, and that their mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) were 4.39% and 9.31%, with correlation coefficients ( R 2 ) of 0.951 and 0.762, respectively. On the whole, our study has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of providing accurate and reliable cotton parameters in agriculture.

A Novel Method of Jute Viscose From Jute Fiber and Its Characterization

The growing demand for cotton and the low production rate required to meet global demands have encouraged viscose manufacturing from renewable sources. This work develops a sustainable method to extract viscose fibers (cellulosic‐based precursor) from jute, a renewable resource. Jute fiber is the second largest fiber crop in southern Asia, which contains 65%–70% cellulose and contributes to environmental benefits such as oxygen production, carbon dioxide emission, and heavy metal absorption during harvesting. The treated jute fiber was modified to regenerated cellulose (viscose), as confirmed by different characterizations. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test 1423, 1365, 1033, and 1021 cm−1 represented that modified jute fiber resembled viscose fiber, and TGA attributed the thermal stability of glass transition below 100°C and thermal degradation to jute viscose fiber. XRD analysis provides a crystal index of 91.79% of viscose from jute fiber, which is higher than the 76.06% crystal index of raw jute. Here, SEM and physiomechanical properties were also characterized by raw jute and viscose from jute fiber.

ARRA TISHLARIDAN PAXTA TOLASINI YECHIB OLISH JARAYONI PARAMETRLARINI ILMIY ASOSLASH

This paper scrutinizes the process of extracting or separating fiber from seed, which is viewed as one of the milestones in cotton-ginning plants, reviews a series of implemented experiments, presents results, and offers solutions. Increasing demand for cotton produce across the globe leads to large-scale research work to improve the technique and technology of primary cotton processing and to establish their scientific basis in major cotton-growing economies. In this regard, it is becoming important, among other things, to develop mathematical models of processes, boost the productivity of cotton processing machines by means of optimization methods, create efficient working bodies, preserve natural quality indicators of the cotton fiber obtained through improved operational characteristics of machines, and reduce production costs. At the same time, the issues of the development of resource efficient designs of working bodies that won’t negatively affect the quality of products and the justification of the parameters of the sewing machine seem relevant for all cotton-growing economies.

Improvement of mahogany leaf extract dye fixation on cotton-modal blend

The manufacture of regenerated cellulose-based fibers for better mechanical and comfort qualities was stimulated by the rising demand for cotton and the low production rate needed to meet global demands. Modal-cotton blend provides better tensile and moisture management properties. The present work has been designed to sketch out the scope of increased dye fixation or dye uptake opportunity onto the blends. Cotton-modal blend was dyed with mahogany leaf extract dyes avoiding mordant. The higher wash fastness rating 4/5, 5 along with the FTIR characteristic bands around 1190-1210 cm−1 created attention for the confirmation of dye-fibre bonding. But as modal is a regenerated cellulosic fibre, there was a suspect of uneven fixation because of dual way dye penetration options inside the fibre: direct bonding with cotton cellulose and dye penetration into swollen modal fibre through segmental mobility theory. Fortunately the uniformity of shade was affirmed by the determination of evenness through random CMC DE and K/S values at distinguished parts of the same sample. Mordantless mahogany dye fixation on cotton-modal blend was found even at the elevated dyeing temperature of 130 °C. The detailed CIE Lab data explored the close symmetry and uniformity of the dyeing outcomes of the blend.

Biocolourants from onion crop side streams and forest mushroom for regenerated cellulose fibres

Biocolourants and sustainable textile materials have gained growing interest. Traditionally natural dyes have been used for dyeing wool and silk, but demand for cotton and regenerated cellulose fibres increases because of their popularity especially in clothing. This study expands the natural dye research to one of the latest innovations among regenerated cellulosic fibres, i.e. Ioncell®. It explains for the first time the dyeability of Ioncell–F fibres with biocolourants and compares the results with three other regenerated cellulose fibres, i.e. viscose, bamboo viscose and lyocell, using protein fibre wool as a reference. The colourants from the food side stream, the yellow onion (Allium cepa cv. Settonia) and the forest mushroom Cortinarius semisanguineus were used as dyes. The composition of colourants in each dye sources was analyzed in detail. Methods of exhaust dyeing (80 °C, 1 h), with alum, FeSO4 and tannin as mordants, and the high temperature high pressure dyeing (130 °C, 1 h) were applied. The colour of the dyed materials was studied as CIE L*, a*, b*, C*ab, hab and the K/S (λ420/480 nm) values. The colourfastness to washing and light was examined according to the ISO standards. The results showed that for regenerated cellulose fibres the strongest colour was obtained with polyphenols in acidic conditions, whereas with the anthraquinones the dyeing results remained light revealing hindering forces between the dye and the fibre. The colourfastness values were at highest for iron and aluminium mordanted samples, which indicate the metal ions’ ability to stabilize the organic compound’s structure and form strong coordination bonding between the fibre and the dye. The colourfastness varied from poor to moderate. The exhaustion levels between different regenerated cellulose fibres varied very little. The search for sustainable colourants, fibres and their applications in long lifetime artefacts is strongly supported by the sustainability goals, and colourant production in connection with forest and agricultural industries support this emerging field.

The Transmission Effect Test of China’s Rotation Mechanism on the Cotton Reserve Market

As an important strategic material in China, cotton policy has positive significance in stabilizing the safety of domestic cotton, ensuring cotton income, and stabilizing cotton output. At the same time, affected by the future market price, the cotton industry supply chain cost management is particularly important. Based on the data of China’s cotton price, consumption, yield, and wheeling-in and wheeling-out from 1978 to 2016, the simultaneous equation model is used to empirically analyze the transmission effect of the rotation mechanism of reserve cotton (RMRC) on cotton supply and demand. Studies have shown that China’s cotton reserve policy and the RMRC play a positive role in balancing the supply and demand of the domestic cotton market and preventing excessive fluctuations in cotton prices. The transmission effect of the RMRC on domestic cotton yield and consumption is significant and there are certain differences. The transmission effect of domestic cotton yield is stronger than the transmission effect on domestic cotton consumption. The difference is owing to the transfer path of the RMRC being different. We should improve the regulation and control effect of the RMRC on cotton demand, realize the normalization of the RMRC, and clarify the policy objectives of the RMRC.

Development of scientific-based irrigation systems on hydromodule districts of ghoza in irrigated areas of bukhara region based on computer technologies

Аbstract. In this article, due to year-by-year global climate change and the increase in water shortage, the water demand for cotton in the Bukhara region was developed based on FAO methodology, i.e., CropWat 8.0 model program, taking into account soil-hydrogeological conditions the results of scientific research are presented. Water-saving, scientifically based irrigation procedures for cotton irrigation were developed according to the generally accepted scale of hydromodular regions N.F. Bespalov. The seasonal irrigation norms of cotton in the Bukhara region by hydromodule regions were 3900 (VIII) - 7200 (I) m3/ha.

Fashion Market Niches for Organic Agroforestry Cotton: Market Potential for Promoting Sustainable Supply Chains

We hypothesize that Fashion brands’ demand for organic agroforestry cotton (OAC) may foster more sustainable supply chains in the cotton industry. However, to realize the potential of the OAC market, a better understanding of the market demand for OAC, as well as the quality and production standards under which the brands operate, the institutional frameworks, and the market mechanisms that underpin its commercialization, is needed. We evaluated the existing organic markets in Brazil using an interview-based methodology with key stakeholders throughout the organic cotton supply chain in 2022. Our study revealed that some brands are willing to pay prices ranging from USD$ 2.57 to USD$ 4.61 per kg of cotton lint depending on the brand. These brands require suppliers to meet quality specifications for the cotton fiber; for example, they require average to long fibers and specify harvesting practices that influence fiber quality. There are also social and environmental criteria that prioritize vulnerable communities of family farmers and women groups planting cotton based on established sustainable practices. The institutional framework includes different stakeholders throughout the organic cotton supply chain, which is fundamentally driven by private demand for cotton, counts on the support of agents connecting brands to farmers, and is indirectly supported by public policies. Existing markets for organic cotton are established via contracts that provide farmers with guarantees to invest in planting cotton and have different certification systems used by the brands that monitor and verify adherence to the standards. Market demand for OAC may, therefore, potentially lead to new markets that promote sustainable supply chains and farming practices. However, existing markets for organic cotton reveal complex requirements that must be addressed, such as the need for supporting agents connecting brands to farmers, and market mechanisms, such as complex contracts and certification.

The impact of mechanization on crop production in China

ABSTRACT The rapid development of mechanization has been well reported, but its impact on China’s agricultural production remains unclear. This study first uses a theoretical model to analyse the impact of mechanization on sown areas of different crops. The results show that mechanization has a positive impact on grain crops and a negative impact on non-grain crops. Then using nationally representative provincial-level panel data, the empirical analyses confirm these results. Thus, the sown areas of cotton, oil and sugar crops will be reduced by more than 20% within five years. Consequently, China is expected to depend on international markets to meet the domestic demand for cotton, oil and sugar in the future. Even though mechanization has a positive impact on the sown areas of grain crops, a reduction in the diversity of grain production poses a new threat to the stability of China’s grain production and food security.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HUMANITY’S CARELESSNESS PART II: INDUSTRIAL WASTES AND AQUATIC HAZARDS

It is a well-known fact that human beings are in the process of rapidly modernizing the world by utilizing various natural resources at an unprecedented speed. The accomplishment can initially be mistaken as human’s great achievement, but during the course of this swift development, we have been adding extra pressure on the envi-ronment, especially by disposing the harmful chemicals of industry. Secondly, we humans are also overly using the limited sources of nature, which is resulting in its depletion, eventually interrupting the natural cycle. Metals are the indispensable raw material for constructing infrastructures and for producing electronic products. However, extracting these metals from their corresponding ores can inflict serious consequences if no precautions are taken. Similarly, the everchanging fashion industry has exponentially raised the demand for cotton, which has eventually encouraged people to exploit the natural resources like water even more, resulting in climate change and even drying up of the whole sea in some cases. These activities also impose a formidable threat to the environment we live in and even can lead to the end of human existence. Due to human’s carelessness, the concentration of harmful chemicals in water, soil, and the air is already far higher than the permissible upper limit in many regions. These unacceptable higher levels of these harmful chemicals directly affect the health of not only human beings but all the living organisms living on the Earth. If the process is not curbed on time, we humans, with other wildlife and innocent organisms are bound to pay a hefty price.

Differing Roles of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Cotton Fields by Growth Stage

The global demand for cotton makes sustainable cotton production an important issue that can be improved by a better understanding of the influence of soil microbes on cotton growth. We collected cotton field soils at the seedling and flowering/boll-setting (FBS) stages in order to obtain soil properties and cotton growth indices. Bacterial and fungal community compositions were assessed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer genes, respectively, after which the differences in microbial functions and their influencing factors at different growth stages were analyzed. Both the diversity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities were found to be significantly different between the seedling and FBS stages. Microbes in the seedling stage had significantly higher richness and biomass than those in the FBS stage. Compared with the seedling stage, the stability of the soil bacterial communities was decreased. The cotton growth indices at both the seedling and FBS stages were associated with compositional shifts in the bacterial community and but not the fungal community. The abundance of specific soil microbial taxa (e.g., Pseudarthrobacter, Thiobacillus, Cephalotrichum, Chaetomium, and Fusarium) were correlated with cotton growth indices at the seedling stage, being mainly regulated by soil salinity and nitrate content. Our results highlight the importance of soil microbial communities in mediating cotton growth and will be useful in providing better strategies for the improvement of cotton agriculture.

Genetic gain in lint yield and its components of upland cotton released during 1963 to 2010 in Venezuela

AbstractTo respond to the high demand for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber, constant enhancements by breeding or management are required. The study of the genetic progress shows the changes in traits over the years, providing information about the real contribution and benefits of breeding and management efforts. In order to estimate the genetic progress of nine upland cotton cultivars for the lowlands agroecology of Venezuela released from 1963 to 2010, evaluations were performed in three locations in Venezuela during 2012 and 2013. Lint yield (LY), boll weight (BW), number of seeds per boll (SB), seed index (SI), lint content or percent (LP), plant height (PH), and stem diameter (SD) were measured. Combined analysis of variance showed differences (P ≤ .01) among the cultivars, environments, and their interaction for all traits, except for SB and SI. All variables have increased for the period evaluated, except for PH that showed a gradual decrease of 0.12% yr–1. LY increased by 10.06 kg ha–1 yr–1 or 0.29% yr–1, which is a total of 503 kg ha–1 in 50 years. A reduction of PH (0.19 cm yr–1) was observed, meanwhile BW (0.0022 g yr–1), SB (0.0029 yr–1), SI (0.0038 g yr–1), SD (0.0013 cm yr–1), and LP (0.0071% yr–1) increased 0.04, 0.01, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.02% yr–1, respectively, in the same period. These results indicate that the introduction of genotypes with divergent backgrounds and development to specific agroecologies have contributed to constant genetic progress in cotton cultivated in Venezuela.

English

Being economically important for natural fiber, seed cotton and protein, cotton demand is increasing rapidly. With the ever-growing population, there is an ultimate need to increase the cotton production to meet this demand of man and livestock. Different Flavonoids, which are compounds that have antioxidant properties, serve an essential role in sustaining plant function and health. Flavonoids operate largely as photo protectors and phytoalexins, influencing the phytohormone auxin transport that affects the plant structure. Cotton production is also linked to the flavonoids as they play a great role in plant protection and vigor. Flavonoids play a critical role in response to abiotic stress. Leaf reddening in cotton and fungal infection resistance is attributed the flavonoids. Flavonoids also take part in the development of fiber and its color, maintenance of plant health and it’s defensive mechanism. With an increasing interest in the biological functions of flavonoids as well as advancements in isolation and classification techniques over the last two decades, the numerous flavonoids known in the cotton plant have risen dramatically. The capacity to regulate flavonoid expression in plants offers a chance to change defense mechanisms and growth. Genetic engineering techniques offer different methods that improves certain characteristics of cotton to further boost its output. This study aims to summarize existing findings on the prevalence and dispersal of flavonoids in cotton as well as to examine the historical research on flavonoids in cotton as well as potential paths for future research on this plant species. This review enlists the flavonoid profile studied by many scientists in the past and their distribution in cotton plant which consist of 52 flavonoids divided into 7 groups.

Cotton Production Development In Bukhara Emirate During The Late XIX – Early XX Centuries

This article highlights such problems as the development of agriculture and cotton growing in the Bukhara Emirate at the end of the XX century; the policy of the Russian Empire of cotton growing after the conquest of the Bukhara Emirate; construction of the first cotton processing plants in the Bukhara emirate, as well as the expansion of land for growing cotton; leasing of a large number of Emirate lands as a result of the increased demand for cotton by the Russian Empire.

Cotton waste research follows the effect of pre-treatment and the observation of physical appearance

This paper aims to evaluate the waste cotton quality and its commercialization. The recycled cotton demand seems to be increased day by day: although the lower quality of the resulting items is the biggest barrier to cotton recycling. A thorough analysis of recycled cotton processes is therefore necessary from separation/shredding to completion. To that end, textile wastes made of pre-consumer cotton were systematically collected from the spinning mill. After pretreatment of cotton waste cellulose by caustic soda, alkali, and detergent in 100°C temperature for 30 minutes have produced white clean cotton. Following the next process by sodium hydroxide and isopropyl alcohol must produce Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC has big use in Textile printing, finishing, and warp sizing even in Ice-cream and food baking industry. Recent success stories will be addressed with the steady cotton processing to altering the properties of cell wall cotton and cotton fiber. The prospects of conducting experiments of waste cotton and checking the properties of treated cotton have a great value in the production of commercial products and the results relived that the value addition of waste cotton is a very easy method.

The role of moisture as an ecological factor in growth of cotton plants

In this article strictly considered the requirements of promising cotton varieties C-6524 and Oltin vodiy-1 (Gold Walley-1) for moisture in light gray soils of the Fergana region, different water consumption during the growing season and growing conditions (soil conditions, air temperature, humidity, etc.) and the order of watering is determined. It is known that moist of soil is considered to be an important ecological factor in cotton fertility. Therefore, in terms of irrigation it is essential to create an optimal water regime for plant's development in growth period. During growth period, cotton's demand for water is interrelated with its assimilated action change and the size of leave structure.

COVID‐19 and cotton import demand in China

AbstractAs the leading import market for cotton, and leading export market for manufactured products like clothing and apparel, China provides the ideal case for examining how the COVID‐19 pandemic is affecting international cotton trade. The COVID‐19 outbreak has resulted in decreased global demand for products like clothing, directly affecting China's demand for cotton from exporting countries. In this study, we examined Chinese demand for imported cotton by product form (raw cotton and yarn) and by source (e.g., United States, India), as well as the dynamic price relationships across countries. Using year‐to‐date trade, demand estimates, and price forecasts, we assessed the impact of COVID‐19 on Chinese imports and the countries supplying this market. Depending on the projections, the most severe impacts of COVID‐19 on Chinese cotton imports are either behind us, or the latter half of 2020 could potentially be just as bad as the early part of the year. The outcome depends on the impact of manufactured‐product prices on imports; the effects of which are large but insignificant. As a consequence, even when imports from certain countries are projected to significantly decline, projection intervals suggest the possibility of a negligible decline or even a positive outcome.

Early Development of Indonesian Cotton with Enhanced Resilience to Climate Change through Mutation Breeding

Indonesia is one of the top ten largest textile producer countries in the world. However, only 1-2 % of the national cotton demand was produced locally. The total value of imported cotton in Indonesia is nearly US$ 1 billion/year in 2017. Some of the production restrains were few cotton cultivars which are tailored specifically for Indonesian climate, only some regions of Indonesia are suited for cotton cultivation, and most cotton farmers rely on rainfed irrigation. Induced mutations are widely used for the introduction of genetic changes, particularly in crops that are not easily improved through conventional techniques. IAEA initiated a regional research project for cotton breeding in Asia region. Indonesia was invited to join this program in 2018, made it in total eight participating countries. Some genotypes from NIAB - Pakistan was distributed to all members as exchange germplasm to be utilized in adaptation trials and also used as genetic materials in each country breeding projects. At present, the Indonesian cotton mutation breeding is an ongoing program in M2 generation using irradiated three cotton cultivars (NIAB-KIRAN, NIAB-112 and NIAB-777).

Production and Marketing Constraints of Cotton Under Smallholders: The Case of Arbaminch Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia

The study focused on the analysis of production and marketing constraints of cotton among rural farmers in Arbaminch Zuria district of Southern Region of Ethiopia. A total of 68 respondents were interviewed using questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and to identify major production and marketing constraints. The main production constraints noticed were inadequate knowledge of recommended packages and practices, non-availability of improved seed both in quality and quantity, lack of technical knowledge regarding the crop and insects, pests and disease attack. The main marketing constraints that hampered smallholder cotton producers were non-availability of reliable market information, price fluctuation, involvement of large number of intermediaries/ brokers in marketing, smallness of quantity to be sold, product absence of cooperatives among producers and lack of value addition in the seedcotton product. Given the high local demand for cotton and the potential for expansion, it is important to address these challenges for producers to benefit from market opportunities and increase their income. However, dealing with these challenges will require a whole value chain approach. Keywords : Cotton, Production, Marketing, Constraints, Smallholder producers, Arbaminch Zuria DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/67-01 Publication date: April 30 th 2020