Demand For Consideration Research Articles

Multimodal Transformer Model Using Time-Series Data to Classify Winter Road Surface Conditions.

This paper proposes a multimodal Transformer model that uses time-series data to detect and predict winter road surface conditions. For detecting or predicting road surface conditions, the previous approach focuses on the cooperative use of multiple modalities as inputs, e.g., images captured by fixed-point cameras (road surface images) and auxiliary data related to road surface conditions under simple modality integration. Although such an approach achieves performance improvement compared to the method using only images or auxiliary data, there is a demand for further consideration of the way to integrate heterogeneous modalities. The proposed method realizes a more effective modality integration using a cross-attention mechanism and time-series processing. Concretely, when integrating multiple modalities, feature compensation through mutual complementation between modalities is realized through a feature integration technique based on a cross-attention mechanism, and the representational ability of the integrated features is enhanced. In addition, by introducing time-series processing for the input data across several timesteps, it is possible to consider the temporal changes in the road surface conditions. Experiments are conducted for both detection and prediction tasks using data corresponding to the current winter condition and data corresponding to a few hours after the current winter condition, respectively. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method for both tasks. In addition to the construction of the classification model for winter road surface conditions, we first attempt to visualize the classification results, especially the prediction results, through the image style transfer model as supplemental extended experiments on image generation at the end of the paper.

Cognitive processes in pharmacists’ clinical decision-making

BackgroundPharmacists’ clinical decision-making is a core process in pharmaceutical care. However, the practical aspects and effective teaching methods of this process remain largely unexplored. ObjectiveTo examine the cognitive processes involved in pharmacists’ perceptions of how they make clinical decisions in pharmacy practice. MethodsSemi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with pharmacists working in community, outpatient, and hospital care in the Netherlands between August and December 2021. Participants were explicitly asked for examples when asked how they make clinical decisions in practice and how they teach this to others. After transcribing audio-recorded interviews, an inductive thematic analysis was conducted to identify cognitive processes. A theoretical model of clinical decision-making was then used and adapted to structure the identified processes. ResultsIn total, 21 cognitive processes were identified from interviews with 16 pharmacists working in community (n = 5), outpatient (n = 2), and hospital care (n = 9). These cognitive processes were organized into 8 steps of the adapted theoretical model, i.e. problem and demand for care consideration, information collection, clinical reasoning, clinical judgment, shared decision-making, implementation, outcomes evaluation, and reflection. Pharmacists struggled to articulate their clinical decision-making and went back-and-forth in their explanations of this process. All pharmacists emphasized the importance of identifying the problem and described how they collect information through reviewing, gathering, recalling, and investigating. Clinical reasoning entailed various cognitive processes, of which comprehending the problem in the patient's context was deemed challenging at times. Pharmacists seemed least active in evaluating patient outcomes and reflecting on these outcomes. ConclusionsPharmacists use multiple cognitive processes when making clinical decisions in pharmacy practice, and their back-and-forth explanations emphasize its dynamic nature. This study adds to a greater understanding of how pharmacists make clinical decisions and to the development of a theoretical model that describes this process, which can be used in pharmacy practice and education.

Defining honeybee subspecies in an evolutionary context warrants strategized conservation.

Despite the urgent need for conservation consideration, strategic action plans for the preservation of the Asian honeybee, Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793, remain lacking. Both the convergent and divergent adaptations of this widespread insect have led to confusing phenotypical traits and inconsistent infraspecific taxonomy. Unclear subspecies boundaries pose a significant challenge to honeybee conservation efforts, as it is difficult to effectively prioritize conservation targets without a clear understanding of subspecies identities. Here, we investigated genome variations in 362 worker bees representing almost all populations of mainland A. cerana to understand how evolution has shaped its population structure. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on nuclear sequences revealed eight putative subspecies, with all seven peripheral subspecies exhibiting mutually exclusive monophyly and distinct genetic divergence from the widespread central subspecies. Our results demonstrated that most classic morphological traits, including body size, were related to the climatic variables of the local habitats and did not reflect the true evolutionary history of the organism. Thus, such morphological traits were not suitable for subspecific delineation. Conversely, wing vein characters showed relative independence to the environment and supported the subspecies boundaries inferred from nuclear genomes. Mitochondrial phylogeny further indicated that the present subspecies structure was a result of multiple waves of population divergence from a common ancestor. Based on our findings, we propose that criteria for subspecies delineation should be based on evolutionary independence, trait distinction, and geographic isolation. We formally defined and described eight subspecies of mainland A. cerana. Elucidation of the evolutionary history and subspecies boundaries enables a customized conservation strategy for both widespread and endemic honeybee conservation units, guiding colony introduction and breeding.

Examining the role of health consciousness, environmental awareness and intention on purchase of organic food: A moderated model of attitude

The global inclination toward organic and chemical-free products is increasing. It is mainly due to the growing demand for healthier food, environmental awareness and consideration for the consequences of environmental deterioration. Recently, researchers are increasingly investigating various facets related to the consumption of organic food as the interest in sustainable foods and healthy lifestyles has increased tremendously. This research work attempts to review the effect of determinants like health consciousness as well as environmental awareness amongst the consumers on their purchase intention of organic food, which subsequently results in the actual purchase. As studies have posited that attitude enhances purchase intention and hence, its moderating effect on the proposed relationships was examined. Present research establishes the proposed relationships using structural equation modelling including the interaction effect. In this direction, an attempt has been made to develop a framework that will help in providing useful insights for the policymakers, researchers, and sellers of organic food in emerging economies. Future research could examine various groups of customer segments with varied demographic and psychographic profiles and study their organic food consumption across different regions with a greater sample size that would further endorse the results of this study. Consumption of organic food is highly associated with health consciousness and environmental awareness this research will provide a better understanding by considering a detailed analytical framework with variables like intention, and attitude and get a close understanding of organic food consumption patterns.

THE IMPACT OF PROGRESS FEEDBACK ON SELF REGULATED GOALS AND PERFORMANCE OF POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH STUDENTS

The demand for a continuous consideration of postgraduate supervision has risen because of the various problems reported in numerous studies, such as the high rate of dissatisfaction and attrition, supervisors’ inadequate knowledge about practical aspects of candidature, and unsatisfactory levels in obtaining feedback about students’ performance and progress. These studies indicated that giving and receiving constructive and ongoing feedback between supervisors and students plays an essential role in identifying both parties concerns. For postgraduate research students, the nature of their task requires them to work more independently. Thus, self-regulating learning becomes important, particularly at the early stages of the study where students start to set their study goals, and the social support of the supervisor becomes in need. Self-regulating learning is the process of setting a goal, employing goal-directed actions, monitoring strategies and adjusting them to ensure success. This paper discusses the effect of supervisor feedback on the student’s self-regulation based on a review of the literature of self-regulation theory, and how receiving positive or negative feedback may affect student’s goal setting and performance during the postgraduate study. Article visualizations:

System-targeted approach to the integrated use of transport in the interests of life safety

The technical component of the MTE system (man-technology- environment), a special case of which are the means of mechanization and transportation (MMT) in construction, is investigated as it develops in terms of reliability and efficiency of the processes of construction production implemented using MMT. Firstly, there is no evaluation of the economic justification for an integrated transport communication system. Secondly, there are economic and mathematical models of the integrated use of different types of transport in the interests of ensuring environmental safety. Thirdly, there are methodologies of economic justification of the complex use of transport in the interests of environmental safety. Certification of means of mechanization of manual labor and transportation of building cargo and structures (MMT) is one of the important packages of construction production objects for services of high-rise construction. The variety of certification aspects corresponds to the variety of domestic and foreign production used in the conditions of market competition in the construction of MMT, in particular, the means of road transport in construction (MRTC). High dynamics of transport support for economic, social, demographic, and environmental security in a market economy require the creation of a concept for the integrated use of transport in the interests of Russia's national security. The demand for systematic consideration of three components (human, engineering, and environment) from the positions of system engineering of construction, the theory of functional systems and modeling of their mutual influence is identified with the main role of the subject-object approach to the comfort and workability criteria, organizational- technological and organizational-anthropotechnical reliability of the MTE system.

An Experimental Study for Strength Improvement of Soft Ground using Hardening Agent and Silicate Mineral Power

The demand for environmental consideration is on the increase in civil engineering. This study focuses on the development of technology to reduce the use of carbonate cement and improve its performance by using a silicate mineral and hardening agents, and presents the test results for the demonstrative evaluation of the properties of the raw material. Highly active feldspar was used as a binder to augment the bonding of the carbonate cement, and their change in strength was observed after test piece construction with the addition of soluble hardening agent. The uniaxial compression strength of the test piece of the general Portland cement with the addition of 0.5% soluble hardening agent, showed an increase by 33% and that of the test piece of cement with the addition of 70% substituted with feldspar increased by 28%. The strength of viscous soil; classified as soft ground, showed an increase of a maximum of 1.7 times when it was mixed with cement and solidifier depending on the curing period. These tests confirmed that a soluble solidifier is effective for improving the strength of a cement binder and that the highly active feldspar can be used as a binder.

Nanotechnology in meat processing and packaging: potential applications - a review.

Growing demand for sustainable production, increasing competition and consideration of health concerns have led the meat industries on a path to innovation. Meat industries across the world are focusing on the development of novel meat products and processes to meet consumer demand. Hence, a process innovation, like nanotechnology, can have a significant impact on the meat processing industry through the development of not only novel functional meat products, but also novel packaging for the products. The potential benefits of utilizing nanomaterials in food are improved bioavailability, antimicrobial effects, enhanced sensory acceptance and targeted delivery of bioactive compounds. However, challenges exist in the application of nanomaterials due to knowledge gaps in the production of ingredients such as nanopowders, stability of delivery systems in meat products and health risks caused by the same properties which also offer the benefits. For the success of nanotechnology in meat products, challenges in public acceptance, economics and the regulation of food processed with nanomaterials which may have the potential to persist, accumulate and lead to toxicity need to be addressed. So far, the most promising area for nanotechnology application seems to be in meat packaging, but the long term effects on human health and environment due to migration of the nanomaterials from the packaging needs to be studied further. The future of nanotechnology in meat products depends on the roles played by governments, regulatory agencies and manufacturers in addressing the challenges related to the application of nanomaterials in food.

The Logic of the Argument in Behalf of Legalizing Blackmail

Extortion is the demand for money or other valuable consideration, coupled with the threat to do something which both is and should be illegal. For example, Give me $X of your money or I will kidnap your children, or Go to bed with me or I will bum down your house. In very sharp contrast, blackmail is the demand for money or other valuable consideration, coupled with the threat to do something which both is and should be legal. For example, Give me $X of your money or will tell everyone that you take a bath with a rubber duckie or Go to bed with me or I will gossip about your hidden adultery. I will argue that blackmail should be legalized.

Combined effects between sediment‐associated sulfur and lubricant oil on Bacillus cereus

AbstractAn artificial sediment was spiked with elemental sulfur and a lubricant oil. The measured toxicity in a microbial solid‐phase test with Bacillus cereus was markedly enhanced when compared with the effects of the individual toxicants. The joint action was interpreted as augmentation of elemental sulfur toxicity due to facilitation of its solubility by oil components. These results show the demand for consideration of the entire contamination where sediment toxicities are to be assessed.

The Cultural Dimension in West German Development Policy and the Contribution of Ethnology [and Comments and Reply

Despite a reorientation away from a general strategy of modemisation towards a model of satisfying basic needs, West German govemment development policy has suffered a series of negative results. The reason for this should be sought particularly in the neglect of the cultural aspect of development. In response to the public pressure exerted by the discipline, the West German government is currently attempting to accommodate the demand for greater consideration of sociocultural factors by seeking to reduce cultural complexity to a few dominant factors that are to be incorporated into project work. This approach is doomed to failure by a lack of any alteration in the tools of development policy themselves. The demands to which these tools must be capable of doing justice if sufficient consideration is to be accorded the cultural factor are described in this report. In the course of this description, the collaborative possibilities open to West German ethnology are investigated in the light of its attitude to date towards the notion of itself as an applied science.

Federal Standards of Educational Administration

This article is written in the belief that a careful study of the opinions of educational leaders will make it possible to define a policy with regard to federal participation in education which will command very general, if not universal, acceptance. Superficially, opinion is at the present time very much divided. It has been thought wise in some quarters to hush up these disagreements in the hope that Congress may be persuaded through the appearance of unanimity to do something and in the further hope that existing disagreements will disappear with experience in the use of such an instrument of federal promotion of education as Congress shall create. For better or for worse, the policy of persuading Congress to act at once has now been replaced by a demand for a thorough consideration of the problem of federal relations to education, and it is proper that a new effort be made among educational people to bring to the surface every existing shade of opinion and to analyze these varying views with the purpose of discovering, if possible, fundamental agreements. A letter was accordingly written by the editor of the Elementary School Journal to some two hundred leading educators. The list included all state superintendents, one hundred city superintendents, twenty normal-school presidents, a like number of university and college presidents, and fourteen professors of education. Each person addressed was asked to write a brief statement of his views suitable for publication and was informed that the material would be used in the preparation of an article or a series of articles to be published in the Elementary School Journal or the School Review. At the end of a month replies were received from about eighty of the persons addressed. These replies will not be treated statistically, but will be used in part through direct