Demand For Agricultural Products Research Articles

Model Supply Chain Management pada Produk Industri Agraris dan Turunan

Implementation of Supply Chain Management is needed to meet consumer demand for agricultural products both for raw materials, as well as fresh and halal products for direct consumption so that they can benefit both farmers and consumers. The purpose of this study was to determine the supply chain mechanism and supply chain flow patterns of agroindustry products and analyze the effect of supply chain management components on improving agro-industry performance. The method attached to the source of the journal relating to the method to be used. The source deals with a deeper review of the FIFO (First In First Out) method in implementing SCM (Supply Chain Management) in agriculture. With this method work will be quickly completed, run effectively, generate profits with high profits. Supply chain is defined as a sequence of decision making processes regarding raw materials, information, and capital undertaken by a company to meet consumer demand. Supply Chain Management activities are implemented starting from the planning of raw materials and then proceed to the production process that is handled by the agrarian industry then the products are stored in warehouses using the FIFO (First In First Out) method then distributed to retailers to be marketed to consumers.Keywords: supply chain management, agro-industry, fifo

Behind the fog: Forest degradation despite logging bans in an East African cloud forest

Habitat destruction and deterioration are amongst the main drivers of biodiversity loss. Increasing demand for agricultural products, timber and charcoal has caused the rapid destruction of natural forests, especially in the tropics. The Taita Hills in southern Kenya are part of the Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot and represent a highly diverse cloud forest ecosystem. However, the cloud forest suffers extremely from wood and timber exploitation and transformation into exotic tree plantations and agricultural fields. Existing conservation regulations and moratoriums aim to prevent further forest destruction. In this study, we analyzed land cover change and shifts in landscape configuration for a fraction of the Taita Hills, based on satellite imageries for the years 2003, 2011 and 2018. We found that the coverage of natural cloud forest further decreased between 2003 and 2018, despite the effort to conserve the remaining cloud forest patches and to reforest degraded areas by various conservation and management initiatives. In parallel, the proportion of exotic tree plantations and bushland strongly increased. Moreover, mean natural forest patch size decreased and the degree of interspersion with other land cover types increased notably. Logging bans for indigenous trees seem to have resulted in local opposition to the planting of indigenous trees and thereby hindered the recovering of the cloud forest. We suggest to enhance local awareness on the ecological value of the natural forest by community-based Conservation Forest Associations and to encourage the planting of indigenous tree species in farmer-owned woodlots. Besides, bottom-up management systems that allow for local participation in decision-making and benefit-sharing related to forest resources would be a way forward to achieve the sustainable use and conservation of the last remaining natural forest patches in the Taita Hills.

Trends and Challenges in Irrigation Scheduling in the Semi-Arid Area of Spain

A growing international human population and rising living standards are increasing the demand for agricultural products. Under higher pressure over natural resources, environmental concerns are increasing as well, challenging current water use decision-making processes in irrigated agriculture. Higher agricultural productivity means water should be applied more efficiently, which requires instant information on weather, soil, and plant conditions throughout the growing season. An information-based irrigation scheduling application tightened to the spatiotemporal variability of the fields is critical for enhancing the current irrigation system and making better irrigation scheduling decisions. The aim of this study is to review current irrigation scheduling methodologies based on two case studies (woody and field crops) located in semi-arid areas of Southeast Spain. We realize that optimal irrigation programming requires consistent investment in equipment, expenditure on operation and maintenance, and qualified technical and maintenance services. These technological approaches will be worthwhile in farms with low water availability, high profitability, and significant technical-economic capacity.

The first Southeast Asia plant protection conference: Plant protection sciences for future life

Giyanto1*, S H Hidayat1, D Buchori1, S Wiyono1, and D Sartiami1 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. Jln. Kamper Kampus IPB Dragama, Bogor 16680, Indonesia *Email: giyanto@apps.ipb.ac.id 1. Background The world population continues to increase. In 2018 the world population reached 7.63 billion people and continued to rise in 2019 to 7.71 billion. As consequences there is an increase in demand for agricultural products, especially food products for providing the daily needs. The loss of agricultural products due to pests, diseases and weeds in the world reaches 9%, or equivalent to US 8.05 billion dollars per year.Countries in the Southeast Asia with characteristics of tropical climate have very high agricultural potential as world food source, while on the other hand the characteristics of tropical agro-climate allow the development of pests, diseases, and weeds, that can cause greater crop damage or loss compared to temperate or sub-tropical countries. Climate change has significant effect on the presence of pests. This requires close cooperation among Southeast Asia countries in facing the impacts of climate change and the threat of pests to the agriculture sector. The development of science and technology has an impact on pest management, such as pest detection and identification systems, estimation of yield loss, techniques for applying pesticides and others have shown very rapid development, especially related to the utilization of satellite image data, spectral technology and drones. Furthermore, efforts to manage crop pests, diseases, and weeds continue to develop in accordance with the development of science and technology.

CHINA'S PLANS AND ACTION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF ICID VISION 2030†

AbstractWe are living in a changing world. The sustainable development goals (SDGs) launched by the United Nations highlight that water is closely linked to a number of key global challenges. Agricultural water management is vital to food security and sustainable rural development. The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) has realigned its vision and dedicated itself to a mission to support sustainable rural development by formulating and implementing the vision of ICID for 2030. As a member country of ICID, China, with the largest population and agricultural production, puts great importance on improving agricultural water management for achieving food security under water shortage and a growing demand for agricultural production. China has been working at two levels to enhance agricultural water management. At on‐farm level China has worked out plans for developing high‐standard farmland by highlighting integrated water and land management; at system level China is working on plans for the modernization of irrigation and drainage systems by upgrading systems and applying information (IT) and automation technologies. This paper summarizes the objectives, tasks and measures for developing high‐standard farmland in China. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Understanding Landscape Multifunctionality in a Post-forest Frontier: Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services in Eastern Amazonia

Sustainable food production requires approaches that reconcile agricultural production with the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. While the contribution of agriculture to the provision of individual ecosystem services has received considerable scientific attention, little is known about the extent to which tropical landscapes can meet societal expectations related to food production and environmental sustainability simultaneously. We assessed how the spatial configuration of pedo-morphology and land uses influences the provision of three soil-based ecosystem services in eastern Amazonia: carbon storage (CS), habitat for biodiversity (HB) and agricultural commodity production (CP). We use the Functional Land Management framework to assess the supply and demand of these ecosystem services in a spatially explicit manner to identify areas of (mis)matches and trade-offs in the municipality of Paragominas, Brazil. The supply of ecosystem services was informed by a literature review for the various combinations of pedo-morphological characteristics and land uses in the region. The demand for ecosystem services was mapped based on federal and state policy targets. Mapping the supply and demand of CS indicated that half of the carbon in the region is stored in remnants of undisturbed forest which cover only a third of the municipality. Demand for HB in terms of forested area is met but it does not guarantee safeguarding biodiversity. Roughly a third of the territory shows scarce quality of HB even when compliant with legislation. Concerning CP, we identified areas where both supply and the demand to increase production are relative high due to road access and lower intensification costs. The demand for agricultural production can eventually incentivize the expansion of agriculture on fertile soils, which could compromise environmental targets. Our results suggest that the simultaneous delivery of multiple ecosystem services may require land-use pathways that combine land sparing and sharing approaches. Our analysis can inform integrated land-use planning initiatives where, historically, the supply and demand for CP have been the single dominant driver for the current landscape configuration.

Water Resources as Determinants for Foreign Direct Investments in Land - A Gravity Analysis of Foreign Land Acquisitions

Worldwide increasing demand for agricultural products poses the critical question of where this additional production will take place. In this context, the phenomenon of large scale Foreign Land Acquisition (FLA) is one strategy that has been controversially discussed in scientific and public debates. A better understanding of what factors drive FLA-flows between investor and target countries is still needed. This project applies a gravity model to estimate the effect of agro-environmental determinants in target countries. The response variables are derived from improved data obtained from the Land Matrix Global Observatory and the explanatory variables from a range of climatic and agricultural data sets. The issue of large numbers of zero flows in such a data set is tackled using zero-inflating regression models. Overall the results highlight the crucial role of water resources, in particular the potential of rainfed crop production in the targeted areas, and not just land abundance alone as found in previous studies. Moreover, in line with previous studies, we show that in contrast to other types of investment flows, agricultural investment flows are not negatively affected by weaker institutional regulations or corruption.

FORECAST CONSEQUENCES AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN CASE OF OVERCOMING THE PANDEMIC

The entire international community, since mid-December 2019, has come under the huge influence of the global epidemic of coronavirus disease, which is called COVID-19. The pandemic has already led to thousands of human losses around the world, caused significant restrictions on the socio-cultural life of the population and radically changed the trends of the global economy. Today, it is difficult to predict what final human casualties and economic losses states will suffer in the short, medium and long term.The World Health Organization officially declared the coronavirus disease a pandemic in early March 2020. The outbreak began in mid-December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in central China.During this time, the pandemic has significantly affected the trends in the development of the global economy, leaving not a single country aside.The crisis that the world will experience as a result of the spread of COVID-19 is global; it will hit all countries with open market economies. This will especially shake the financial and economic situation of Ukraine, whose economy in recent years has already been unstable and dependent on global trends, political events and public sentiment.For the Ukrainian economy, the crisis caused by the spread of COVID-19 is particularly dangerous and can significantly shake the country's financial and economic potential: official employment and real GDP will fall, the corporate sector will incur significant costs, the chances of successful placement of Eurobonds will decrease, the inflow of foreign investment will decrease, and the national currency will become cheaper.Sectors where quarantine restrictions are relaxed and which related to consumer demand are recovering rapidly, primarily retail and services. The situation with industry and investment demand is weaker.In the context of the further spread of COVID-19 in Ukraine, as in the world as a whole, there will also be a slowdown in construction volumes, a reduction in road repairs, and so on. According to experts, it is positive that the demand for agricultural products will not decrease, and prices for them are not expected to fall. At the same time, individual countries may restrict the import of products of foreign origin in order to prevent the spread of the virus.

Assessment of yield gaps on global grazed‐only permanent pasture using climate binning

To meet rising demands for agricultural products, existing agricultural lands must either produce more or expand in area. Yield gaps (YGs)-the difference between current and potential yield of agricultural systems-indicate the ability to increase output while holding land area constant. Here, we assess YGs in global grazed-only permanent pasture lands using a climate binning approach. We create a snapshot of circa 2000 empirical yields for meat and milk production from cattle, sheep, and goats by sorting pastures into climate bins defined by total annual precipitation and growing degree-days. We then estimate YGs from intra-bin yield comparisons. We evaluate YG patterns across three FAO definitions of grazed livestock agroecosystems (arid, humid, and temperate), and groups of animal production systems that vary in animal types and animal products. For all subcategories of grazed-only permanent pasture assessed, we find potential to increase productivity several-fold over current levels. However, because productivity of grazed pasture systems is generally low, even large relative increases in yield translated to small absolute gains in global protein production. In our dataset, milk-focused production systems were found to be seven times as productive as meat-focused production systems regardless of animal type, while cattle were four times as productive as sheep and goats regardless of animal output type. Sustainable intensification of pasture is most promising for local development, where large relative increases in production can substantially increase incomes or "spare" large amounts of land for other uses. Our results motivate the need for further studies to target agroecological and economic limitations on productivity to improve YG estimates and identify sustainable pathways toward intensification.

A Proposal of Dynamic Scales for Measuring the Mass of Agricultural Products

The rapid development of agricultural products industry in Indonesia presents a new challenge for the industry. The high demand for agricultural products makes the industry must think to manage the plantations more effectively and efficiently. One of the problems in plantations is the process and procedure of weighing agricultural products. At this time the process of weighing agricultural products takes a long time and a long procedure. In the industry, processes and procedures for weighing agricultural products as they are today being considered inefficient. Direct weighting at the time of collection is assessed to be rapid and highly beneficial to the industry. But there is a problem when weighing is done directly. If weighing is done directly at the time of collection, then the weighing is done under dynamic conditions. To be able to solve the problems in weighing the agricultural products then proposed a study to build a dynamic weighing system that can weigh dynamically where direct weighing agricultural products can be done at the time of collection. The force transducer will measure the force applied by the weighing system and the load in the form of industrial products. Because the system works in a dynamic state, the forces acting on the force transducer can be calculated using Newton’s second law where a is the deformation acceleration of the force transducer which is proportional to the acceleration of the weighing system, mt is the mass of the weighted system supported by the force transducer and mk is the mass of the product being weighed. The deformation acceleration of this force transducer is measured using a flat coil.

China's Import Demand for Agricultural Products: The Impact of the Phase One Trade Agreement

China's Import Demand for Agricultural Products: The Impact of the Phase One Trade Agreement

Evolution of the Global Agricultural Trade Network and Policy Implications for China

Global agricultural trade plays an essential role in balancing supply and demand regarding agricultural products worldwide. Based on complex network theory, two types of agricultural trade networks weighted by the physical quantity and monetary value were built. In both networks, eight groups of agricultural products showed diverse variation in time and space. During 1986 to 2016, the total physical trade increased by 2.55 times with a gradual growth process, and total monetary value increased 1.98 times with fluctuation. The cumulative distribution of node degree and strength followed power-law distribution. Scale expansion and structure complexity of both networks reflected heterogeneity between nodes and the trend of agricultural economic globalization. Meeting demand and seeking greater returns are the main drivers of global agricultural trade development. Mainly developed countries occupied the important positions in the global agricultural trade network, but some emerging economies such as China, Brazil, and India became important sources of demand and supply. China not only needs to fully use international resources to meet demand for agricultural products, but also needs to ensure its own food security through multiple countermeasures.

SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION AND FRUIT YIELD OF CUCUMBER ON DIFFERENT ORGANIC SUBSTRATES

Demand for agricultural products with zero or reduced amounts of agrochemicals leads to increasingly healthy production alternatives. Thus, seedling formation and fruit yield of three cucumber cultivars were evaluated on different organic substrates in a protected environment. Marketer, Caipira and Verde Comprido cultivars were grown on five substrates: 100% cassava stems + 0% cattle manure; 75% cassava stems + 25% cattle manure; 50% cassava stems + 50% cattle manure; 25% cassava stems + 75% cattle manure and 0% cassava stems + 100% cattle manure. A completely randomized design in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme (5 substrates X 3 cultivars) was used, with six replications of four seedlings in the seedling formation phase and five replications of two plants in the fruit production phase. The seedlings were produced in trays with 72 cells, and fruit production was conducted in 13-liter pots. There was a little influence of the substrates on the emergence of cucumber cultivars: the substrates with 75 and 100% of cattle manure provided the best conditions for seedling formation, as well as the highest yield and the largest amount of fruits. On the best substrates, the cultivar Caipira had fruits with higher mass and larger average fruit diameter, but in smaller numbers.

Urbanization and its meaning for agro-industrial complex and agriculture

The article discusses the impact of the growing urbanized world on the agro-industrial complex and agriculture, as well as a decrease in the attitude of agricultural producers to consumers. On a global scale, agriculture meets the needs of a rapidly growing urban population, including products that are becoming more energy-intensive, resource-intensive. Thus, the key questions regarding agriculture and urbanization are whether it is possible to meet the growing and changing demand for agricultural products from the growing urban population, while supporting the prosperity of agriculture and modernizing the principles of urban development. The article concludes that there are increasing trends in urbanization of rural regions in the conditions of new global economic realities, as well as the simultaneous process of deurbanization of countries with low economic potential.

Farm as a form of Small Agricultural Business in Russia: Advantages and Disadvantages

Abstract Small business in the Russian Federation is actively developing not only in large cities, but also in small rural settlements. This is facilitated by the demand for agricultural products grown in ecologically clean territory. In addition, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is developing support programs for rural entrepreneurs, which allows you to start a business without high costs. This paper discusses farming in detail as the form of small agricultural business. The theoretical part involves an analysis of the essence of the concept of a farm, the legislative aspect, the process of opening and the difference from other forms of management. From a practical point of view, the place of farms in the Russian Federation was determined in the structure of agricultural production. The study was conducted by systemic and monographic methods. As a result, the advantages, disadvantages and prospects for the development of farming in Russia were identified.

Solving Brazil's land use puzzle: Increasing production and slowing Amazon deforestation

Brazil has become an agricultural powerhouse, producing roughly 30 % of the world’s soy and 15 % of its beef by 2013 – yet historically much of that growth has come at the expense of its native ecosystems. Since 1985, pastures and croplands have replaced nearly 65 Mha of forests and savannas in the legal Amazon. A growing body of work suggests that this paradigm of horizontal expansion of agriculture over ecosystems is outdated and brings negative social and environmental outcomes. Here we propose four strategies that can reduce deforestation, while increasing production and social wellbeing. First, eliminate land grabbing and land speculation through designation of public forests. This would clarify land tenure and limit the pool of land available for uncontrolled expansion of agriculture and ranching. Second, reduce deforestation on private properties by implementing existing mechanisms in Brazil’s Forest Code to facilitate payments for environmental services, with support from market initiatives for sustainable sourcing of agricultural products. Third, incentivize increased productivity on medium and large properties through targeted investments. By stimulating adoption of proven technologies for sustainable intensification, this would help meet Brazil’s production targets and growing international demand for agricultural products, without expanding into new production areas. Finally, foster economic, environmental and social improvements through technical assistance to small farmers. Small farmers occupy a large swath of the Amazon and often lack access to technical assistance, production technology, and markets. Providing quality technical assistance to small farmers could help them better align production practices with local opportunities; increase household income and improve livelihoods; and reduce deforestation pressure. By implementing these four strategies in a coordinated effort between public and private agents, Brazil can show the world how to reduce deforestation while increasing agricultural output, reestablishing its leadership in managing natural resources and mitigating climate change.

Beyond deforestation: Land cover transitions in Mexico

Conversion of land cover is one of the main causes of global environmental change and identifying the regions where sustained trends of land change are occurring provides useful information for land and resources management. For all ecoregions in Mexico, we analyzed land use changes over 14 years (2001–2014) using MODIS images (250m) and identified regions that had significant gains or loss of woody vegetation, pasturelands, or croplands. The land use patterns varied greatly among the 40 major ecoregions, but in general, woody vegetation and cropland cover increased while pastures decreased. In contrast to previous studies, much of the increase in croplands did not correspond with hotspots of decline in pastures but occurred in the Sonora and Chihuahuan deserts ecoregions in northern Mexico. Industrial cotton, sorghum, and pecans production for export where the major crops responsible for the increase in these ecoregions. Similar to patterns in the rest of Latin America, pasture expansion mainly occurred in ecoregions in the tropical moist forest biome (e.g. Veracruz and Peten-Veracruz ecoregions). The ecoregions that experienced the greatest increase in woody vegetation were the Balsas dry forest ecoregion along the Pacific coast and Trans Mexican volcanic oak-pine ecoregion. In both regions, rural-urban migration appears to be an important driver of the transition from grasslands to woody vegetation, while the conversion of croplands to woody vegetation in the Tamaulipan mezquital ecoregion was clearly associated with drug related violence. This study documents how the complex interactions among national and international demand for agricultural products, national policies, demography, violence and climate change are affecting land change across Mexico.

Heuristic swarm intelligent optimization algorithm for path planning of agricultural product logistics distribution

In the current agricultural product consumption market, the consumer’s demand for agricultural products tends to be diversified and individualized, and they need stricter links of cold chain logistics distribution of agricultural products. The cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products is also the business of high energy consumption and high carbon emission in the logistics industry. The contradictory relationship between it and the “low-carbon economy” advocated today leads to the necessity to consider the relationship between economic benefit and environmental impact in the process of rapid development. Based on this, this paper, from the perspective of low-carbon economy, based on the analysis of the necessity of optimizing the distribution path of cold chain logistics of agricultural products, constructs a model for this and puts forward a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm-particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The algorithm is improved from inertia weight, convergence factor, learning factor, and population size and so on. The optimized PSO algorithm is compared with the traditional PSO algorithm. Finally, the simulation results show that the improved algorithm can be used to optimize the distribution path of cold chain logistics of agricultural products effectively, and the specific optimization countermeasures are put forward according to the actual situation.

Global unsustainable virtual water flows in agricultural trade

Recent studies have highlighted the reliance of global food production on unsustainable irrigation practices, which deplete freshwater stocks and environmental flows, and consequently impair aquatic ecosystems. Unsustainable irrigation is driven by domestic and international demand for agricultural products. Research on the environmental consequences of trade has often concentrated on the global displacement of pollution and land use, while the effect of trade on water sustainability and the drying of over-depleted watercourses has seldom been recognized and quantified. Here we evaluate unsustainable irrigation water consumption (UWC) associated with global crop production and determine the share of UWC embedded in international trade. We find that, while about 52% of global irrigation is unsustainable, 15% of it is virtually exported, with an average 18% increase between year 2000 and 2015. About 60% of global virtual transfers of UWC are driven by exports of cotton, sugar cane, fruits, and vegetables. One third of UWC in Mexico, Spain, Turkmenistan, South Africa, Morocco, and Australia is associated with demand from the export markets. The globalization of water through trade contributes to running rivers dry, an environmental externality commonly overlooked by trade policies. By identifying the producing and consuming countries that are responsible for unsustainable irrigation embedded in virtual water trade, this study highlights trade links in which policies are needed to achieve sustainable water and food security goals in the coming decades.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОВОЧЕВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ У РЕСПУБЛІЦІ ПОЛЬЩА

Розглянуто соціально-економічний вплив упровадження інноваційних методів у овочівництво України і Польщі. Досліджено результати діяльності овочівників Республіки Польща, зокрема виконано ранжування країн — членів ЄС-28 щодо розміру посівних площ овочевих культур за підсумками 2016 року. Проаналізовано стан і динаміку врожаю овочів у Польщі за період 2010—2016 рр. відносно ЄС-28, зроблено висновки та узагальнення. Виконано експрес-порівняння стану врожайності овочів у Польщі та Україні за період 2010—2016 рр. Окремо проаналізовано врожайність томатів та огірків і корнішонів, зроблено висновки щодо доцільності використання інноваційного досвіду овочівництва Польщі в Україні.Виконано аналіз основних напрямів інновацій, які застосовують польські овочеві підприємства. Досліджено методи і результати впровадження таких інновацій з погляду на їхню соціальну значущість і вплив на показники ефективності роботи підприємств.Обґрунтовано передумови використання інноваційних технологій в овочівництві та необхідність розроблення довгострокової стратегії впровадження інновацій в українське овочівництво задля підвищення його ефективності та поліпшення продовольчої безпеки держави. Запропоновано інноваційну стратегію розвитку овочівництва в Україні, яка включає: дослідницьку, законодавчу, інституційну, технологічну, енергозберігальну, соціальну, організаційно-стимулюючу, інвестиційну та просвітницьку складові.Розроблено рекомендації щодо впровадження корисного інноваційного досвіду в діяльність овочевих підприємств України.