Delicate Tissue Structures Research Articles

A flexible, thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

The vagus nerve (VN) plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system (ENS). However, the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the VN. To better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology, it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication technologies. Among several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes, microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel structures. Previous microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200 µm. The thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures, including the nerve itself. In this paper, we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device (thickness: 11.5 µm) that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a rat. We demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials (ECAP) from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve fibers. Moreover, our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

PENYULUHAN TENTANG MANFAAT BATANG POHON MATOA UNTUK PENGOBATAN SARIAWAN DIDESA CANDIREJO

Directing with regards to the advantages of matoa tree trunks for the treatment of thrush in Candirejo Village is pointed toward examining, making and applying the information and developments that have been acquired or have been considered by understudies in conversations with the more extensive local area. To discover how to process the matoa tree trunk utilized for the treatment of infection. Directing is done utilizing a phase comprising of 3 distinct stages utilized in the execution system, to be specific by welcoming individuals by including endeavors to the neighborhood the arranging execution process, then, at that point, the assessment stage by giving a framework of every issue. The reason for this PKM is to acquire information on directing the advantages of matoa tree trunks for the treatment of ulcer in Candirejo Village. Stomatitis is a term to depict different sorts of injuries that emerge in the oral depression. Manifestations incorporate torment or consuming for one to two days which would then be able to shape ulcers in the oral hole. Stomatitis is ordinarily as yellowish white patches with a somewhat curved surface, which can be single fixes or gathering spots. Stomatitis is a typical contamination that can reach out to the buccal mucosa, lips and sense of taste. Stomatitis implies aggravation of the mouth. This aggravation can be brought about by the state of the actual mouth. Stomatitis is additionally characterized as irritation of the coating of the delicate tissue structures in the mouth with indications of redness, expanding, and some of the time draining from the impacted region and framing a ulcer. The matoa tree trunk has many advantages in conventional medication, where different investigations have guided this matoa plant to have extremely assorted substance and properties. Given the proceeded with impacts of the audits in the journal of Pometia Pinnata Fruit Peel Extraction and its Antioxidants and Antimicrobials, matoa natural items contain evident degrees of enhancements and malignancy anticipation specialists. These disease forestalling specialist mixtures can forestall free transformations that cause the advancement of threatening cells. While supplements in matoa regular items like supplements C and E, minerals, and tannins are awesome for body wellbeing.

Shape Deposition Manufacturing of a Soft, Atraumatic, and Deployable Surgical Grasper

This paper details the design, analysis, fabrication, and validation of a deployable, atraumatic grasper intended for retraction and manipulation tasks in manual and robotic minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures. Fabricated using a combination of shape deposition manufacturing (SDM) and 3D printing, the device (which acts as a deployable end-effector for robotic platforms) has the potential to reduce the risk of intraoperative hemorrhage by providing a soft, compliant interface between delicate tissue structures and the metal laparoscopic forceps and graspers that are currently used to manipulate and retract these structures on an ad hoc basis. This paper introduces a general analytical framework for designing SDM fingers where the desire is to predict the shape and the transmission ratio, and this framework was used to design a multijointed grasper that relies on geometric trapping to manipulate tissue, rather than friction or pinching, to provide a safe, stable, adaptive, and conformable means for manipulation. Passive structural compliance, coupled with active grip force monitoring enabled by embedded pressure sensors, helps to reduce the cognitive load on the surgeon. Initial manipulation tasks in a simulated environment have demonstrated that the device can be deployed though a 15 mm trocar and develop a stable grasp using Intuitive Surgical's daVinci robotic platform to deftly manipulate a tissue analog.

Deformation invariant bounding spheres for dynamic active constraints in surgery

Active constraints are collaborative robot control strategies, which can be used to guide a surgeon or protect delicate tissue structures during robot-assisted surgery. Tissue structures of interest often move and deform throughout a surgical intervention, and therefore, dynamic active constraints, which adapt and conform to these changes, are required. A fundamental element of an active constraint controller is the computation of the geometric relationship between the constraint geometry and the surgical instrument. For a static active constraint, there are a variety of computationally efficient methods for computing this relative configuration; however, for a dynamic active constraint, it becomes significantly more challenging. Deformation invariant bounding spheres are a novel bounding volume formulation, which can be used within a hierarchy to allow efficient proximity queries within dynamic active constraints. These bounding spheres are constructed in such a way that as the surface deforms, they do not require time-consuming rebuilds or updates, rather they are implicitly updated and continue to represent the underlying geometry as it changes. Experimental results show that performing proximity queries with deformation invariant bounding sphere hierarchies is faster than common methods from the literature when the deformation rate is within the range expected from conventional imaging systems.

Antioxidant use in the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss and ototoxic chemicals in the workplace

There have been discoveries in auditory research as to how the cochlea is injured during noise exposure and how it may sometimes be possible to reverse or prevent acute noise damage with medications. There are two primary mechanisms of damage; mechanical, as delicate tissue structures are torn apart when loud blasts occur above 125–130 dB SPL, and metabolic exhaustion, which commonly results from habitual noise exposure. During metabolic exhaustion toxic waste products (free radicals) form as cells in the cochlea are stressed. Our bodies can react to noise trauma by presenting a defense of antioxidant enzymes. However, when these defenses are overwhelmed, the hair cell is subject to serious damage to its nuclear DNA, mitochondria, and membranes. This research has been promising in animal studies. We will discuss pharmacological agents that can be used by the ear to synthesize the toxic products. The next step is well-designed human clinical trials in occupational settings where extreme noise levels cause hearing loss despite the seemingly appropriate use of hearing protection devices (e.g., aircraft carrier decks, mining and petroleum industries). Chemicals and agents that can cause hearing loss in the workplace will also be reviewed.